Inqaba yeKerch eCrimea - ifoto kunye nokuhlaziywa

Usingasiqithi iCrimea idume nje kuphela kwimozulu yaso eyodwa kunye nendalo. Kuyinto inani elikhulu yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kwimbali nenkcubeko nokubaluleka iRashiya mihla kunye nabantu eyayiyinxalenye yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Phakathi kwabo - Fortress Kerch. Zeziphi iinkcukacha emangalisayo, ezibonakalisa imbali yayo? Yintoni okuvelayo zakho abakhenkethi abatyelela eli ziko kwi eCrimea?

Overview

Kerch kobulembu, nazo ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba Fort Totlebena, zibekwe kwi Cape Ak-umaphuli e Kerch Strait (kule nxalenye imxinwa kwento). Yakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-19 ngokuthi zokuzifaka apha Russian ukukhusela imida bamazwe eli lizwe. Ukwakhiwa kwamaziko waqala ngoko nangoko emva iCrimea kweMfazwe, nangeendlela ezininzi ukuqaliswa kweprojekthi kwakubangelwa isiphumo lilishwa yeli phulo eRashiya.

Nangona yokuba phantsi kwemiqathango iSivumelwano Paris, Russia wayengafumani nesinqanawa kunye iinqaba kummandla woLwandle Black, Alexander II wagqiba ukwakha isakhiwo eza kunceda ukukhusela lexinene ukusuka kuLwandle Olumnyama ukuya kuLwandle Azov. Kangangethuba elide le nqaba yayisetyenziselwa ukulungiselela impahla yomkhosi. Ngqo kwi ndawo edabini kwenzeka kwixesha IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Namhlanje isakhiwo na umbandela kwimbali nenkcubeko lemveli Russia.

njani Kerch nqaba njani? ingqalelo Brief

njani Kerch nqaba njani? Ngowe-1853, iRashiya waqala iCrimea War. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kwemali abasemagunyeni Ababa nako ukuphumeza kangangoko kuyimfuneko ekomelezeni iindlela i Kerch Peninsula. Le yenye yezinto ezibangela ukungaphumeleli (ngokungqinelana novavanyo eqhelekileyo phakathi mbali) impixano yasemkhosini eRashiya. Ngoko ke, ukuba benze ukuziphendulela enokubakho le Kerch Strait inokuthenjwa, abasemagunyeni sagqiba ukwakha inqaba enamandla. Le ndawo kangangoko ukuba indawo yayo Koloni Ak-ungumgqithi sele ekhethiweyo.

Ngo ngo1856 kwakukho idrafti yokuqala inqaba elizayo Kerch. Yayichazwa yi General Kaufman. Ukwakhiwa wathabatha isigxina Colonel Nat. Ngowe-1859, iprojekthi wajoyina umlawuli adumileyo Engineering iSebe i-Ministry of War Totleben fortifier eyaziwa. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuvela inqaba omtsha Russian kuLwandle Black akuchasananga iSivumelwano eParis, njengako ngawaphi amanyathelo eRashiya wathinteleka kanobom kummandla eyahlukeneyo.

design feature

Zeziphi iimpawu zale projekthi luphawulwa ukwakhiwa inqaba Kerch? Okokuqala, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ababhekisi babevakalelwa kuyimfuneko ukubeka ekomelezeni ukuze utshaba imikhumbi emnyango kuLwandle Azov zibe phantsi bombardment zokudubula rhoqo unxweme. Nqaba Kerch wayecebe ukuba luqiniswe eziphambili Fort "Totleben" ngezantsi ngayo - ukuba amalungiselelo Minsk lunette emantla - Vilna. Kumele ukuba zibekwe phezu kwizikhundla leHamas ezinqabeni ngaphezu kwama-500 imipu. Njengenxalenye deployment okucwangcisiweyo ikampu abantu abangaphezu kwama-5 amawaka, phakathi kwabo -. Bangaphezu kwama-1,800 zokudubula. Bekucingelwa ukuba inqaba e Kerch kufuneka ixhotyiswe ukusingatha inyathelo ukuzithethelela ixesha elide.

Ukuphunyezwa kwale projekthi

Le projekthi, njengoko elo wakha inqaba Kerch, savunywa ngo-1868. Kodwa ke ukwakhiwa enqabeni yomkhosi ezimbini zokuqala yaqala ebusika ka-1857. Inani imiba inqaba ibekwe ngaphezu komhlaba, yaye kuncitshiswe. Enqabeni yomkhosi enxulumene kusenezithuba zokulwa yi iindinyana komhlaba. ubude labo inani iikhilomitha eziliqela.

Russian uMlawuli Alexander II kuqala watyelela eli ziko ngo-1861. Emva kuhlola inqaba Kerch oko wayalelwa, njengoko ngayo imbeko amajoni atyale ngemigudu yabo ekwakheni ukwakha, lunettes got igama ilungileyo - Minsk kunye Vilna butho. Ngenxa yoko, i-Fort engundoqo ogama lakhe behlonipha Totleben.

Abaninzi kwabatyeleli zanamhlanje banikwe lo mbuzo, uceba ukutyelela inqaba e Kerch: "Yintoni na ulwakhiwo ngokuchanekileyo efanelekileyo?". Eneneni, isibakala sokuba element yayo engundoqo noshowo ogama emva fortifier odumileyo, kugqiba igama oqhelekileyo into, leyo iyalila "Fort Totleben". isakhiwo ebheka elikholisa ukubizwa ngokuba: enqabeni ngokufihlakeleyo kwi Kerch. Into yokuba inxalenye enkulu kweendawo zalo, njengoko sibonile ngentla apha, phantsi komhlaba.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto eziphawulekayo zembali, ebonisa umlawuli tyelela inqaba, sesi silandelayo: Colonel Nat wonyuselwa ukuya jikelele enkulu. Unako kwakhona uqaphele ukuba 1863 Alexander II, owathi ngokugcina Totleben, bagqiba ekubeni bayeke ukwakhiwa iinqaba ezongezelelweyo, kwaye endaweni ukomeleza iindlela ezikhoyo. Kamva uMajor General Nat waba yintloko ngoxa umphathi-mkhosi ezikhoyo kwingingqi yesixeko Kerch. Totleben Fort eso sikulungele 1877.

Ummandla le nqaba malunga 250 yeehektare. Ngowe-1877, xa ulwakhiwo sakhiwo phantse ugqibile, oko yaqala imfazwe Russian-Turkish. inqaba Kerch kwakungase ukulungele ngokumandla ngexesha amadabi, kodwa practice oku akuzange kwenzeke. Kuqhamko lwe- ezingentlanga Kerch Strait wakha uchul '. Amajoni ukusuka ekampini elindelwe ukuvela Zempi ye Ottoman. Kodwa ukuba bazibandakanye ekulweni abazange babe.

Imbali ezinqabeni kwinkulungwane yama-20

Ngenkulungwane yokuqala yamashumi amabini, inani ekampini inqaba liye landa kakhulu - up abantu 9 amawaka .. Noko ke, ngo-1905 itshintshe isimo sayo waza waba inqaba-yokugcina. Emva kweziganeko ezaziwayo-kakuhle zopolitiko 1905 Totleben Fort yaba yindawo amabanjwa ezopolitiko eluvalelweni. Ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, kwakunye ixesha kozinzo kwezopolitiko kulandela revolution ka-1917 inqaba ayikho inxaxheba njengeziko yasemkhosini. Noko ke, kule 20 warehouses ezibekwe phezu kwawo, savelelwa ubusela. isambuku belizwe zakhiwo batshatyalaliswa. Enqabeni Ekuqaleni i-30 kwakhona beqhele Army - Red Army kunye waseManzini ababandakanyekayo ukuze aququzelele impahla yayo.

Inqaba Yethu WWII

Imbali inqaba Kerch izalana ngokusondeleyo ukuya iziganeko iMfazwe Yehlabathi yesibini. Ngaloo ndlela, ngoNovemba 1941, yena yathinjwa nemikhosi yaseJamani. Ngexesha iimfazwe nqaba yathotyelwa kwimeko ukuba iziqhushumbisi esebenzayo kunye neziqhushumbisi yi zokudubula. imikhosi Wehrmacht bakwazi ukwaphula ukuziphendulela we 51 kunye imikhosi Maritime, ukuba emva koko bahamba baya isithuba yokusebenza ezihlanjeni losingasiqithi iCrimea. amajoni Soviet baqala baleka.

Ukungabikho umyalelo olusebenzayo lungabanjwa kwangaphambili yi-amaJamani nqaba Kerch. Kodwa inyanga kamva waqalisa Kerch-Feodosiya msebenzi, apho amaJamani bagxothwa kummandla Kerch Peninsula. amaqokobhe eLwandle bodidi esikhulu, zabekwa kwindawo yokugcina inqaba baba okwethutyana kwi kulahlwe umhlaseli, babuyele kweli ilifa nomkhosi. Ukongeza, ngexesha xa amajoni amaNazi nisithimbile isakhiwo, amajoni ka Olubomvu Army ikwazile ukuba kuphunywe isixa esikhulu izixhobo, ibekwe enqabeni, phezu Taman.

Xa komnyaka ka-1942 amandla womoya German wenziwe bombing exandileyo Kerch. Oku banyanzelisa umyalelo eSoviet ukudlulisela iiyunithi enqabeni. Imeko engaphambili iCrimea olwenzelwe i-Red Army ayikho indlela engcono - ngoMeyi, amaJamani zazikufuphi kakhulu esixekweni. Front Umyalelo Kwanyanzeleka ukuba ziqalise ukufudusa abasebenzi kunye nokuphelisa ye-warehouses zomkhosi. Ngo-Apreli 1944, amajoni Soviet wakhulula Kerch inqaba. Emva kwemfazwe, waphinda waqala ukuba kusetyenziswa isibonelelo yokugcina yomkhosi zolondolozo. Kwakhona kwakukho nomkhosi disciplinary kulo.

nqaba namhlanje

Emva kokuba Ukuwa kweUSSR units zomkhosi wawabeka inqaba Kerch, ukuba aye ohlulwa. Oku kukhatshwa ezahlukeneyo izenzo entshabalalo nxamnye koovimba umkhosi, emi kwisiza. Xa kowama-2000, nangona kunjalo, le nqaba yanikwa kwi Kerch Historical kunye Reserve Cultural. Oku ukuba abaphandi ukuba ukuqala umsebenzi ezinxulumene nezifundo eneenkcukacha lwesakhiwo, ukuba acoce ummandla wayo emthethweni ubanjwe apha ebudeni Second World War, ukwenza nohambo. abahlali Kerch kunye nabakhenkethi bakwazi ukutyelela le ndawo yayaziwa kwaye aqhelane ngembali yaso eyodwa.

Bayakwazi ukubona bahambi abakhetha ukuba atyelele iziko? Kuqala kwinto zonke, baya ngokuqinisekileyo baya kusimangalise yena ngqukelelo yenjineli, phezu leyo wakha inqaba Kerch. Amafoto Izixhobo - ngezantsi.

Encomekayo kunye ezingqongileyo inqaba nezinye izinto, ezifana nomsele, ubude - zomyalelo 3 km, ububanzi - malunga ne-15 m, ubunzulu -. Malunga ne-5 m iya kuba umdla ukuhlola caponiers. Ngomhla kummandla ukwakhiwa kukho inani elikhulu izicatshulwa komhlaba, impahla. Ubude enye imigudu indawo komhlaba, malunga 600 m.

Yintoni namanye amnandi iziza kuquka inqaba Kerch? Iifoto kwetonela, eyinxenye ye isakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo, ithiwe thaca apha ngasezantsi - kumanqanaba into ezifanelekileyo ukubukela kwaye bayihloniphe ixesha elide.

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba uninzi izakhiwo komhlaba yaseYiputa Kerch nangoku uphando ngokupheleleyo.

Namhlanje inqaba Kerch, Totleben Fort kunye nezinye izinto eziyinxalenye ubume izakhiwo, awanalo iwonga ixabiso kwimbali nenkcubeko. Abakhenkethi abaninzi ukuya eCrimea, bafuna ukuza apha, uthathe uhambo le ndawo uzuko yomkhosi Russia. Yintoni ukwenza abahambi abaye batyelela inqaba Kerch, Fort Totleben?

Reviews umhambi

Abakhenkethi, ngubani bakwazi ukutyelela le ndawo, endithandile. umdla wabo bonke: elidlulileyo ngembali inqaba Kerch, izakhiwo isikali, iinjineli art yaphunyezwa ngomhla ngamnye amacandelo yesakhiwo yokwakha. abahambi abaninzi bayavuma ukuba atyelele enqabeni wayengomnye iziganeko bendalo ngexesha uhambo ukuya eCrimea. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba nohambo yaseYiputa kakhulu ukuba abahambi kuphela, kodwa iingcali kushishino lwezokhenketho kakhulu. Iikhrayitheriya yovavanyo efanelekileyo siyavela nomdla wabantu kule ndawo, kunye neenkqubo zemisebenzi ezininzi babakhenkethi, ezibandakanya utyelelo kwenye yeendawo zembali ezibalulekileyo eRashiya.

Indlela ukuya kumaziko?

Into eza kuba nomdla kuloo ndawo kuqala kwabahambi abaninzi uceba ukutyelela enqabeni Kerch - uququzelelo wesakhiwo. Kuyenzeka ukufumana ku yi isiphekepheke ibhasi №6, elihamba ukusuka kwisikhululo sebhasi. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka uhambe kancinci ngeenyawo - malunga nesiqingatha seyure. Unako kwakhona ukuhlala nayiphi na zeebhasi ndigila ilali Geroevskoe e Kerch. Ungasebenzisa na. ixesha Kubalulekile ukufumana off kwi "engaphezulu Heroes of Stalingrad" yaye "Sunny". Emva koko kufuneka ulandele ngeenyawo ukuya Pavlovsk Bay.

Ukuba umntu ohamba ngemoto, uyakwazi ukuqhuba osemendweni ezitratweni Heroes Eltigen Red Hill. Emva - roll kuwo uye kwindawo Tiritakskoy. Emva koko kufuneka uqhubeke kwi Ordzhonikidze Street kwi DC "Shipwright". Emva - vula kwi Ulyanov. Kuza kuba yimfuneko ukuqhuba ibandla Dormition oyiNgcwele, ngoko uvule kwi Zyabreva. Emva - kwisitrato ezihlangeneyo, nto leyo eya kukhokelela kwinqaba Kerch.

Abanye ngokuntsokotha phambili indlela yokubala abakhenkethi uceba ukutyelela inqaba Kerch: izakhiwo idilesi ingangeni ngokusesikweni. Eyona nto ingundoqo, leyo kufuneka bakhokelwe - Cape Ak-full. Nakuba kunjalo, iinkcukacha malunga uququzelelo lolwakhiwo ingafumaneka kwi zembali zakudala lwembali, nto leyo ibekwe Kerch e ul. Sverdlov, 7. Kulo sibonelelo uyakwazi kwakhona sayina utyelelo nqaba.

Enye indlela - ukufumana kulwakhiwo iteksi, nto leyo kakhulu imali eninzi, kodwa umthetho, kulo mzekelo, uyakwazi ukuqhuba ukuya enqabeni ngakumbi. Kuyenzeka ukuba isivakashi ayikho Kerch nakwezinye izixeko abanqwenela ukutyelela enqabeni Kerch. Indlela ukufika kuyo kule meko? Okokuqala kufuneka ufumane, enyanisweni, kwisixeko Kerch. Eyona ndlela lula ukwenza oku - ibhasi ukuthi isuka Simferopol.

iinyani ezinika umdla malunga Yenikale nqaba

Kunye inqaba Kerch kwi eCrimea, kukho ezinye iisayithi ezininzi ephawulekayo zembali. Ezinye zazo zimi kunxweme. Phakathi kwabo - inqaba Yenikale in Kerch. Oku kusekelwe ngakumbi abasemagunyeni ye Ottoman, inkosikazi eCrimea ngaphambi kokuba aye kungena uBukhosi Russian. Lwaba inqaba Yenikale kwi Kerch yakhiwa ngo-17 emva kwexesha - kwenkulungwane ye-18. Igama lesibonelelo kuthetha ukuba Turkish njengoko "nqaba entsha". Nqaba ibekwe ngqo ngaphakathi kwimida Kerch.

Yenikale osezandleni Russia, kwakunye kwisixeko Kerch, ukususela 1774. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 isakhiwo ngokubonakalayo ezilahlekileyo ixabiso kwi mba ukusetyenziswa emkhosini. Ngowe-1835, le nqaba laliphakathi kwisibhedlele wamajoni, owayesebenza de-1880. Emva koko, ulwakhiwo ixesha elide esetyenziswa ngenkuthalo. Ngexesha ekulweni kwiMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic kule ndawo inqaba Turkish babesilwa afohlela eSoviet. Ngowe-1944 bakwazi ukukhulula inxenye lawo umzi kothiwa kususela kuloo bahlaseli German.

Ziziphi iinyaniso umdla onokubonwa malunga inqaba Yenikale? Umzekelo, oku kwaziwa ukuba ekwakhiweni kwayo kwakukho iinjineli evela eItali France. Oku akukho ngozi iye ekhethiweyo, njengoko abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa, indawo nqaba - phambi iihagu atshicelwe. Inyaniso yokuba iinqanawa ezidlulayo babengavunyelwa ithuba ngamaqhinga, yaye kubekwe phezu kweenxweme zokudubula lula beziva. Njengoko ngasemva imikhosi Turkish bakwazi ukusebenzisa Taman enqabeni.

Yenikale Fortress ngokumila kufutshane quadrangle. Ekuqaleni, isakhiwo kweendonga zayo kunye nesakhiwo langoku amazinyo. Le nqaba iye yomelezwa umsele. Unxibelelwano kunye kwindawo engundoqo ye lizwe ilungiselelwa iindlela ezintathu. Lokuqala - evela Kerch, okwesibini - ukusuka emantla-mpuma ulwalathiso, eyesithathu - kwicala eDzhankoy.

Ngoku nje emdeni ziko lo kaloliwe - ukususela Kerch ukuya phenyane. ukusebenza kwayo, ngokwenani izibalo iinjineli, kunokubangela umonakalo elibalulekileyo enqabeni, nto leyo esele phantsi umonakalo omkhulu ngexesha lemfazwe. Ngoko ke, kulindeleke ukuba emva kokwakhiwa kwebhulorho onxulumanisa kummandla Krasnodar kunye Crimea, umgca kaloliwe ahambelanayo uvaliwe, kunye nentshukumo koololiwe - zithunyelwa isiqu omkhulu.

Ukuba sifuna ukuba kutyelela Yenikale inqaba e Kerch, indlela yokuya kuye? Esi sakhiwo sise kumgama km-11 ukusuka isikhululo sebhasi engundoqo ye Kerch. Unako ukufikelela kuyo, ibe khetho, ibhasi isiphekepheke elisuke ukusuka ebhasini ukuya phenyane elwandle. Esi sakhiwo kunye inqaba Kerch ukwindawo ekude kakhulu - malunga ne-15 km ngendlela, malunga ne-10 km - ngolwandle. Yenikale ifumaneka ukuya ngasempuma umbindi Kerch, sasifunda ngaphezu inqaba - ukuya ezantsi. Zombini ezi zakhiwo zimi kunxweme.

Abakhenkethi ezininzi umahluko okuphawulekayo umgama phakathi izinto - hayi ngesalathisi, yaye bonwabile ukudibanisa utyelelo zombini zibonelelo zingentla kwinkqubo enye. Nqaba Yenikale and Kerch, elele elwandle, ababefana kukuba bobabini - iziza ezizodwa zembali nenkcubeko lemveli Russia. abahambi abaninzi ushiye izimvo iminyango weendawo online, bakholelwa ukuba umntu okhetha ukuba bahlole ezinomtsalane ye Kerch Peninsula, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukutyelela zombini iinqaba.