"Totleben" (Fort): imbali, iifoto, indawo

Xa kukhunjulwa iinjineli abanetalente wamajoni, ogama iingcamango yavula kwixesha entsha ubugcisa inqaba, igrafu Eduard Ivanovich Totleben (1818-1884) iinqaba ababini igama. Uvakalise umba wabaleka sibali intsingiselo eyamkelekileyo kwimizobo yemfazwe, kunye namava afunyenwe eCrimea kunye nephulo osempuma ukwakha iinqaba ngcono ngexesha kwezalathisi zokuzifaka apha.

ezinokufumaneka Blanche

I inqaba yokuqala, leyo ibizwa ngegama lika "Totleben" - Fort inqaba e Kerch. Eduard Ivanovich, ngubani bagqiba ngo 1859 njengomlawuli yesebe zobunjineli yesebe emkhosini, xa kwakusakhiwa Kerch inqaba ulonwabele ukuzithemba epheleleyo kunye nenkxaso ka-Alexander II. Ngowe-1872, umsebenzi kokugqiba ukwakhiwa yagqitywa kwaye ncam ukumkani, wafika kulo ukuba ahlole. Kwaye ngoko ke iinqaba zokubonisela inqaba enkulu phezu komyalelo ka-Alexander II, igama "Totleben". Fort ise inxalenye kwaza ye iStrait of Kerch, kwi-Cape AK-full.

Lo mqondiso kwezobunjineli zomkhosi

Le nqaba ngokwayo yayakhelwe yokucima i iSivumelwano ka Paris ngo1856 , uthintela eRussia ubenesinqanawa kunye ezinkulu unxweme. A uhlobo emhadini okanye nqaba kwindawo inqaba ebizwa ngokuba "Totleben". Fort eqhagamshelwe isakhiwo yi elide itonela 600 yeemitha. Le nqaba yakhiwa engama-20 kwaye omnye wabo babini bendalo kunye iinqaba ibalulekileyo lonxweme, elakhiwa ngenkulungwane XIX - Kerch kunye Kronstadt. Black Sea Fort wawufaneleka nokomelezwa ogqibeleleyo - ngaphandle kokuba lonke phezulu ukuya iinkcukacha wokugqibela, wehla waya nevukuthu station. Lokuqondisa amajoni, izindlu zangasese, indawo yokugcina amanzi, neegalari ezo komhlaba namatonela - zonke yayisakhiwa okongezeleke wawalwela Sevastopol amava kunye banyamekele abavikeli inqaba, abalicekisayo abakhi benze kakhulu ongabonakaliyo zagutyungelwa zonke izakhiwo ngamatye komhlaba.

Ukufumana apho

Kweli nqanaba, indawo eliphezulu eCrimea - 110 eemitha, apho kukho isi- ubungqondi zobunjineli emkhosini, ebizwa ngokuba "Totleben 'imbeko yakhe. Fort kunxweme neebhetri ehlanganiswa nezwe. Inqaba "Kerch" ngoku ayikho kwimeko engcono - yena yayekwa. Kodwa tours losele ekhokelwa zibanjwa rhoqo. Ngoku izithuthi zikawonkewonke ukuya akukho lula - isiphekepheke №6, lemka ukusuka kwisikhululo sebhasi engundoqo, kufuneka ufumane ukuya stop "ngokhuni yesebe". Okulandelayo - kuphela ngeenyawo. Akukho mpawu oluneenkcukacha - zoqhelwaniso nekhosi Umlawuli okanye udliwano-ndlebe abahlali bendawo. izithuthi zabo kufuneka uye ekupheleni Taman Street, labona ifama ezihlangeneyo, indawo yokugqibela apho kukho inkoloseko.

Enye iOfele ka Kronstadt

Esinye izinto kwenkqubo ngoyaba ka Kronstadt nayo ithwala igama E. I. Totlebena. Kuba ukwakhiwa kwale nqaba yaqala emva kokwakhiwa enqaba elunge kuLwandle Black (1872). Ngowe-1879 iqala iprojekthi, isiseko apho kwakukho iziqithi ezimbini ngumntu - isiseko iOfele ezimbini eyenziwe unxweme. Ngokuqhelekileyo, baye esikhethiweyo "A" Fort kunye Fort "B". Eyokuqala ukuhlala kwi shallows kwi-10 km ukusuka kwisiqithi Kotlin ne-4 km ukusuka Sestroretsk, okwesibini - 7 kumzantsi-ntshona nqaba "A" 4 km ukusuka Kotlina. Fort "A" ibize ubuncwane yezigidi 6.5 engange. negolide Fort "B" - 7 million engange. Umsebenzi ekwakhiweni imisebenzi Uyalwa zaziza kugqitywa ngowama-1903, kodwa eli xesha wawagalela nje besenza siqithi. Kuphela 1913, iinqaba bafakwa ukusebenza. Emva kokugqiba umsebenzi Fort "A" labizwa ngokuba "Totleben", imbeko yokuthatha indima ebonakalayo ekwakhiweni kwayo injineli omkhulu wamajoni, kwaye into yesibini kuthiwa "Obruchev".

konke kufakwa

Fort "Totleben" (photo iqhotyoshelwe) ibe ngokohlobo le leta "C". Inxalenye phambi kokuba athunyelwe sele ukuya ngasentshona - utshaba elingunaphakade eRashiya. Inxalenye ngaphambili, ebandakanya amacandelo amathathu, kunye icala ezimbini egosogoso kunye ifikelele kubude leemitha 700, kukho izakhiwo ububanzi neemitha ezingama-50.

Xa ekwakhiweni kwayo kuthathelwa ingqalelo amava abuhlungu zemfazwe Russian-Japanese kunye neenguqu ezinkulu kwi zokudubula. "Totleben" yidolophu wamajoni, banikwa yonke into eyimfuneko ngenxa yemfazwe mihla. Ulwazi olunomdla, njengoko urhulumente tsarist wamnyamekela amajoni akhe. Ngomhla kummandla ezinqabileyo waba inkqubo kwetyuwa kunye zokuhlanjululwa wayo, 6 umbane idizili, ugutyulo lwamanzi, yinqubo bekhululekile abantu 800 kunye negosa lamajoni, isibhedlele, ekhemesti, izonka kunye nebandla, cinematography kunye kwithala leencwadi, ezibhateni, izitora glacier, kusungulwe kunye exchange yefoni . Kwicala elingasemva izibuko kwafuneka kuyiwe ezinkundleni, ahambe izitalato.

ixesha ukulisa

A ummangaliso zobunjineli yaba nqaba "Totleben". Imbali ubukho okuqhubekayo kule into eninzi kunye umdla limfiliba. Emva revolution, wanikwa igama elitsha "Pervomayskaya". Kubulungisa kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ngo-1923 i-imipu intshi-10 endaweni edubuleyo ukusuka Cruiser "Rurik", uluhlu abo landile ukususela yangaphambili km-18 ukuya kuma-20. Ngendlela eyenziwa ukulungiswa.

Fort wathabatha emfazweni eSoviet-Finnish-nxaxheba olusebenzayo. yokugcina yokulungiswa lwaqhutywa kwiminyaka 1950-1954. Ngoko yonke into waya longele - ngo-1955 ikampu aye ohlulwa kwaye sirhoxisiwe zokudubula, wadubula kuzo zonke iintlobo-mali kwi 1957th yokubonisela, kwaye ukusukela ngo-1958 kanye enamandla zokuzifaka apha umi engenanto bangahoyekanga.

ukonakaliswa kwempahla isibetho

Akukho nto zatshintsha xa "Totleben" sathathwa yiKomiti yesiGqeba Leningrad City Council kunye nentsalela ngowe-1990 wangena uluhlu UNESCO. Iintsuku alungileyo umva, xa-imi- 90 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela baqalisa ukukhangela ukuba lolondolozo lwendalo into artist evela eSt Petersburg Vladimir Tkachenko, ngubani nenjengele njengevolontiya. Akakho ngamazwi kodwa nangezenzo ukucocwa, kwakulungiswa kwaye axhotyiswe inqaba "Totleben". Indlela ukufumana apha? Lo mbuzo wayengekho phambi bakhona, abeza phezu womkhenkce ebusika ka-2008. Yonke imisebenzi V. Tkachenko zatshatyalaliswa, oko ibubutyobo, itshiswe, baphanga. Kwaye apho abasebenzi wakhangela kwindawo elinqatyisiweyo likaxakeka Ministry, yabamba apha ngo-1999?

ukhenketho Summer of the Gulf of Finland

Ke kaloku into wakhangela emva ngamacandelo amavolontiya kunye neeyunithi khangela-and-kuhlangula "Beach". Tyelela i Fort akakwazi ke, njengenxenye kweli ziko ngaphandle kwemvume ezizodwa kunye namaxwebhu kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Luhlobo olunjani kuhanjelwe? Bona yenziwa kuphela ixesha ehlotyeni, umyalelo singenziwa ngomnxeba ekhoyo kwiincwadana.

Abaququzeleli kufuneka ithuba ukujonga izinto eziliqela ezifanayo Gulf, hayi nje inqaba yokubonisela "Totleben". Ukhenketho kubandakanya utyelelo kwi ezi zinto zilandelayo - "Okokuqala Southern" inqaba "Alexander I of", "Milutin", "Obruchev" yaye "Totleben".

Ebusika, yonke into lula. Njengoko sele kutshiwo ngentla apha, ungafumana kwi umkhenkce i-Gulf of Finland, kuya kuvunyelwa ukuba atyelele ezinqabeni "Totleben". Njani ehlotyeni? Kuphela yinxalenye khenketho. ukufika Independent kule izikhephe izikhitshana kuyathintelwa, kuba ingozi enkulu kakhulu ubomi. Kakade ke, kukho abazingeli abaninzi kungakhathaliseki tyelela i inqaba yokubonisela, kwakunye nabanini izikhephe apho, elungele kuba isicengo esi efanelekileyo ukwaphula imigaqo.