Imizekelo yobungcali kwiincwadi nangengxoxo. Amagama-ubugcisa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzi

Umsebenzi ngamnye uphelele ngokuthe ngqo kwintsimi yomsebenzi, kodwa kunye nesigama. Imiqathango, amagama amathuluzi, izenzo zesebenzi - zonke ezi zichazwe ngokwayo, ziqondakala kuphela ngabayingcali. Inkqubela phambili ihamba ngeeplanethi, kwaye kunye nophuhliso lwesayensi, amagama athile angakumbi. Umzekelo, kuyafaneleka ukuphawula ukuba namhlanje kwintsimi yekhompyutheni kukho izinto ezimalunga namawaka ayi-60, kwaye kwisichazizwi esaziwa kakhulu sase-Ozhegov sineminyaka embalwa engama-3. Ngaphandle koko, njengento yokuqhuma kwesiqhelo, oku kungabizwa.

Ubugcisa kwiRashiya: indawo kunye nenjongo

Okokuqala, makhe sinike inkcazo yale ngqungquthela. Isigama sesigxina yinkqubo yokuzimela yokuzimela, okuqokelelwa kuzo zonke iinjongo zesayensi kunye nezobugcisa. Inomsebenzi wolwazi oluphambili.

Iilwimi ezikhethekileyo nazo zingene kwiilwimi zengqondo, ezingenakukhunjulwa, kuba amagama athile aqhelekileyo anokungaqhelekanga ngezizathu ezifanelekileyo. Oku kubandakanya ukupapashwa kolwazi lwezesayensi, nokuphakamisa izinga leenkcubeko zabantu, kunye nokufikeleleka kwezobuchwepheshe bezonxibelelwano banamhlanje. Umzekelo, namhlanje wonke umntu uyazi ukuba yiyiphi i-apogee ne-perigee, akukho mntu uyamangalisa ngamazwi athi "ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza" okanye i-selenology yesayensi.

Ulwimi lweelwimi kunye nesigama sobuchule banesiseko sokwakhiwa kwamagama, ngoko ke umjikelezo ojikelezayo ungenzeka: ingcamango eyaziwayo iyafumana intsingiselo entsha enomyinge othe ngqo.

Ukunxibelelana kweengcali, imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yesayensi, iingxelo kunye neengxelo zemiveliso ziqulethe imizekelo yobungcali obuzinzileyo.

Iingcamango zolwimi lwesigama esisodwa

Okokuqala, eli lizwi (ukusuka kwisiLatin - "umda"). Eli ligama legama okanye ibinzana (ngendlela eyahlukileyo - uphawu lweelwimi), oluhambelana nengcamango ekhethekileyo. Yimiqathango engena kwininzi enkulu ye-neologisms eziye zavela kungekudala. Umzekelo ngubugcisa kwizonyango.

I-Terminosystem: iinqununu zayo, eqinisweni, zonke iimpawu ezifanayo, kodwa sele ziguqukile ekusebenzeni njengeenkcazo ezizimeleyo (ezingatshatanga) ngaphambi kokujoyina inyilo yenzululwazi.

Nomen (ngegama lesiLatini "igama lentsapho"). Eli liqela elizimeleyo lesigama, esichaza into enye, ebonakalayo. Ngokomzekelo, xa basibonisa idivayisi kwaye bathi le yun oslosloscope, siya kuhlala simela ngokukhawuleza xa siva eli gama. Kwiingekho iingcali, akunakwenzeka ukucinga enye idivaysi ebonisa ukutshintsha kombane.

Iingcamango ezingakumbi zedemokhrasi zesigama esizodwa ngumsebenzi. Baye basasazeka ngokuthetha ngentetho, kuba ezininzi zazo zingabonakaliyo ngokungafanelanga iimfundiso zesayensi. Imizekelo yobugcisa ingafumaneka kwiincwadana ezichazayo, kwiimagazini zephephandaba, nakwiimisebenzi zombhalo, ngokuqhelekileyo zenza umsebenzi ocacileyo ngokucacileyo kwezi zibhalo.

Ukwahlulelwa kweziganeko

Kukho iindlela ezintathu zokwenza amagama akhethekileyo:

- Ngokwenene. Oku kukuvela kwamagama akhethekileyo amatsha. Ngokomzekelo, ii-anglers ezisuka kwisenzi esithi "skerit" (iintlanzi ezinamanzi) zakha igama lomsebenzi - "shakershik."

- Lexic and semantic. Ukuvela kobugcisa ngokuphinda ucamngce igama elisele liyaziwayo, oko kukuthi, ukubonakala kwintsingiselo entsha kuyo. Kubaprinta, ikhusi ayikho yintloko, kodwa inqaku lidibanisa iimpapasho ezininzi. Umbhobho womzingeli awunanto ngaphandle komsila we-fox.

- Ukwakhiwa kwamagama kunye nezakhiwo. Imizekelo yobungcali obuye yavela ngale ndlela, kulula ukuyiqonda, kuba oku kusetyenziswa izixinaniso okanye ukongeza kwamagama. Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba yintoni inqolobane (indlela yokugcina inkxaso okanye inxalenye yento ethile) okanye i-glavred ngumhleli oyintloko.

Impawu yentetho kunye namazwi akhethekileyo

Nangona kubonakala ngathi ukulinganiselwa ekusebenziseni, ubugcisa bufumaneka kuzo zonke iifayile zesiRashiya. Ukomisa kwesitayela somsebenzi esisemthethweni akusayi kummangaza umntu, yingako ubugcisa balo bunomsebenzi olula wokuhambisa intsingiselo yesitatimende.

Ngokuphathelele inkulumo yesayensi, apha ubugcisa kusetyenziswa izizathu ezininzi:

- ukufumana ulwazi olungcono malunga nolwazi lwesigama esisodwa;

- yenza ukuba ukwazi ukukhumbula ngokukhawuleza isicatshulwa ngenxa yamandla eengcamango;

- ugweme i-tautology, ubeke indawo yemimiselo yobugcisa.

Ukusebenzisa izithuthi kunye nobugcisa, ukusetyenziswa kwamagama akhethekileyo kwenzeka kunye nemisebenzi efanayo:

- ulwazi;

- ukuthetha (kungekhona nje isazi-hero, kuphela umlobi-mfundi);

- Ukulondolozwa kwemizamo yokuthetha - ubugcisa buhlala buchaza ixesha elifutshane;

Ingqiqo, yokwenza umdla ngenjongo yokuqonda.

Uvela phi amagama akhethekileyo?

Umthombo oyintloko wobugcisa, ngaphezu kwazo zonke, ngamazwi aseRashiya asekuhlaleni, abuye ahlaziywe nge-semantic. Ziyabonakala kwisigama esivamile: ngoko ke, kubabanezixhobo zombane, iinwele ziba ngcingo oluncinci. Isigama sesigama sesigama sinika igama lomnatha wokubamba isando - ukubulala, kwaye igajon yaphakamisa ukuba umqhubi kufuneka abizwe ngokuthi "kimarit". Nangona abavakalisi beengingqi babelana ngengcaciso yendlela enkulu - indlela enkulu.

Omnye umthombo wamagama akhethekileyo uboleka kwezinye iilwimi. Ezona zixhaphakileyo zazo ziyi-professionalism - imizekelo yamagama kwiyeza. Naliphi igama othabathayo, isiLatini esiqinileyo, ngaphandle kwedoki phantsi kombhede. Okomzekelo, umshini wokunyathelisa wangaphandle kunye nefomu ebizwa ngokuba yi-cliche, apho sinegama kuphela lomzobo owenziwe yiyo.

Naliphi na isebe lemveliso linemihlaba eyenza inkqubo apho iiklasi zinokubelwa khona. Bobabini bafuna amagama athile ukuba aqokelelwe kumaqela athile.

Kwiqela elixhasayo

Amagama abaqeqeshiweyo awanalo ulwazi kuphela malunga noshishino, kodwa nesimo sengqondo sesithethi kwisifundo. Ukusuka kweli ngcamango bazimisele (njengomgaqo, baqeshwe) kwaye bayazimela:

- Ukubonisa into engeyiyo okanye ingacacisekanga kwisifundo ngokwazo. Ngoko, imoto ephosakeleyo yabaqhubi ibhokisi.

- Ulwalamano ngqo kwigama. Yile ndlela i-bomber yaba ngayo i-bomber kwi-aircraft.

- Nangona umgangatho womsebenzi ungabonisa ubugcisa. Imizekelo yamagama ekwakhiweni kwezitena kuthi: i-padding (isisombululo esincinane) okanye i-zavalinka (udonga olungalinganiyo).

Zonke ezi ziqendu zixhomekeke kwintsebenziswano ethile, kwaye yibo abaphulaphula inyaniso ngokuncediswa ngamazwi.

Kwiqela lexical and semantic

Amagama ayingcali ahlanganiswanga nje ngokuba khona kovavanyo lwangomxholo wesifundo okanye igama layo, kodwa kwakhona, ukuba kunokwenzeka, badibana. Inxulumene nobudlelwane be-semantic: ukuchaneka, homonymy, polysemy, ukufana. Kule nkalo, amaqela alandelayo ayahlukana:

- Amagama anelungelo elifanayo kwisigama esifanayo. Ingcaciso yabo ingafumaneka ngokuvula isichazi-magama esichazayo. Ubugcisa balo myalelo ngolwimi lwesiRashiya lukhulu kakhulu: iindawo zamabhola eziphakathi kwamaphempe kwiphepha lephephandaba.

- Iintetho ezifanayo. Kwimiba eyahlukeneyo, ubugcisa bubonisa into efanayo. Ngokomzekelo, kubaqhubi, abakhi kunye nabakhi bomatshini ababiziweyo kuthiwa "ipensela".

- Amagama amaninzi amanqaku. Igama elithi "Lada", ngaphezu kwenkcazelo eyaziwayo yemoto njengorhwebo, linomqondiso wenkampani ethile yobunjineli.

Kwaye ekugqibeleni malunga nejeggon

Umsebenzi ngamnye unamagama amaninzi, amabinzana, amazwi abhalwe ngokucacileyo. Oku kudla ngokungaqhelekanga ngokwegama elithile ngokwemiqathango ethile. Zisetyenziselwa kuphela intetho yomlomo xa kuthethwa kunye neengcali kwaye zibizwa ngokuba yi "joggressive".

Ubume beli silwimi lenza intetho engaqondakaliyo kumntu ongaphandle kwendima yomsebenzi. Uninzi lweeprogram zengcali zinomgca we-jargon: i-teapot, inja okanye isikhalazo. Zifana ne-argo - ulwimi lwentlalo, lusasazeka kwizakhono ezincinci okanye nakwiindawo ezingafaniyo. Umsebenzi walolu limi ugosa, "kuphela" wethu ".

Isiphelo

Yonke into echaphazelekayo ngesigama sezakhono, kwi-jargon nakwi-argo, kubalulekile ukuba ufunde rhoqo, njengolu luhlu oluhle kakhulu olungenakukunyanzelwa, njengoko lubonakalisa iinkqubo zembali nophuhliso loluntu.