"Pallada" Le nqanawa Russian. "Iifrigate" Pallada "- Iindawo ezinika umdla izincoko Goncharova I.

Xa umsebenzi Ivan Goncharov ziyathandwa izincoko indawo uhambo ekhethekileyo "awahlali" Pallada ". Baye waxelela umfundi lukhulu isakhiwo ngamazwe angaphandle, njengoko oluphucukileyo European kunye lobukoloniyali eAfrika, eAsia kunye East Far. Akukho ngaphantsi umdla yaba inkcazo kunye nendlela yokuphila yabantu Russian eSiberia.

A wobugcisa yezi zithuthi Russian

Ngowe-1831, ngokwemiyalelo lobuqu Nicholas I, kwabakho lwesithuba omnye iinqanawa edume Russian kwesiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XIX "Pallada". Awahlali ebulewe elwandle emva konyaka yaye bakhonza iminyaka engaphezu kwama-20.

"Pallas" kwiminyaka ezahlukeneyo uyazilawula H. Nakhimov P. Moller, uJ Unkovsky. Ngenxa kwizikhankanyo eziphakamileyo zobugcisa kunye nezenzo abanobuchule abasebenza enqanaweni akazange nje kuza kubanceda iinqanawa ekubandezelweni kwam. Ndandidla ukuba imigama emide ukuya elunxwemeni kwamanye amazwe. uhambo lwakhe lokugqibela inqanawa luzinikele Japan - uye echazwe izincoko bakhe I. Goncharov. Ngowe-1855, "nguPallas" (awahlali wabandezeleka ezimbini Inkanyamba ezinamandla atyabukile-out), waya kuphumla ku unogada Bay kummandla Imperial (yiSoviet) izibuko kwi iyavuma Territory.

tour World

Injongo uthumo ozakuzo, oluqhutywe ngo-1852, yaba imfuneko ukuseka ubudlelwane borhwebo kunye Japan kwaye ahlole Alaska abenaso eRashiya. Yena yathathwa yi-crew onamava, wabafunela imiqathango ixesha elide. Iqela oonozakuzaku ekhokelwa yi-Vice Admiral E. Putyatin kunye nonobhala wakhonza ngelixa Umbhali Ivan Goncharov kwiSebe lezoRhwebo Foreign. Iifrigate "Pallada" ngomkhombe ezidlulileyo eNgilani, Indonesia, South Africa, China, i-Philippines kunye iziqithi ezininzi encinane Atlantic, Indian kunye Pacific Oceans. Lonke hambo phantse 3 iminyaka.

Imbali ukubhala le ncwadi "Iifrigate" Pallada ""

I. Goncharov wathabatha iindaba malunga uhambo kakuhle, makuqatshelwe ukuba iza kuphucula kakhulu amava obomi bakhe. Ukususela kwiintsuku zokuqala, waqala ukuba ubhale phantsi yonke into ndabona log kwingoma, nangona kamva, kwintshayelelo izincoko, wathi wayenqwenela uhlobo lobugcisa kuphela ukufaka zinto ezibalulekileyo uhambo. Ngu okuvelayo ngamazwe aphesheya ukudibanisa ngokujonga ubomi eSiberia Russian: Goncharov wawusondela eSt Petersburg ngeenyawo ukusuka kunxweme loLwandle Okhotsk, leyo wasondela "Pallas". Iifrigate sifuna ukulungiswa kwaye nokushukuma navigation ngakumbi.

Kwiinyanga ezimbini emva kokubuyela elikomkhulu (ngo-Apreli 1855) kwi "Amanqaku iLizwe loobawo 'lwabonakala mzobo yokuqala hambo. Ke iminyaka emithathu Goncharov epapashwe kwi "collection eLwandle". Ngokupheleleyo phephancwadi lwapapashwa ngo-1858 yaye ngoko nangoko kwatsala ingqalelo lonke uluntu ukufunda. Emva koko, le ncwadi - nto leyo icwangciswe ekuqaleni umbhali - "awahlali" Pallada "" ukudibanisa izincoko ezimbini ngaphezulu. Eyokuqala wachaza Inqanaba lokugqibela le iluhambo eSiberia, elinesibini - malunga nekamva le nqanawa.

Eyona engundoqo eziluncedo kweerekhodi zokuhamba ebizwa yobuninzi kunye nokwahluka kwezinto kanye abhalwe, umyalezo malunga nesenzeko, unangoku encinane eyaziwa kubantu Russian, ukuba ubuciko zombhali.

"Iifrigate" Pallada "": enesiqulatho emfutshane incwadi

Izincoko bamele inkcazelo eneenkcukacha abahlala kumazwe awahlukeneyo. Kunye noluvo yombhali ngokuya ezibalulekileyo kwaye lukhatshwa ngenxa yamazwi isigqebelo malunga bolunye uhlanga, ukuba nabani na aba. Umzekelo, ukuba impucuko IsiNgesi, ngokutsho Goncharov, elonakalisileyo lonke izinto eziphilayo. Apha, yonke into ihamba ngokuvumelana ukucwangcisa kwaye akukho cordiality. Le ndlela ngokuchasene umphefumlo ebanzi Russian. Ngokomzekelo, khumbula ibali matiloshe Sorokin, ngubani wagqiba ekubeni bakhule eSiberia isonka. ingcamango yakhe yimpumelelo, kodwa akayeki apho, kwaye kuphuhlisa intsimi entsha, enika iziqhamo Tungus babo yabasebenzi kunye nebandla.

ukukhathalelwa komntwana ngamnye, iinkumbulo umbhali, nesithukuthezi enqanaweni "nguPallas" - umbhali awahlali kwilizwe langaphandle lidla ngokuba ikhaya lokuzalwa - malunga nobomi Russian yenkosi. Eli khefu tea ukuphumla, cwaka ilele phezu kwesingqengqelo, iiholide engapheliyo. Kuba Goncharova ke akazange aye nayiphi kuthelekiswa ephithizelayo lomgadi IsiNgesi.

Negros, kwaye Chinese ongayithandiyo ivumba kwabo, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokuba bawuqhole ngeoli ezikhethekileyo. Umbhali Japanese ngobuqili kuqwalaselwa (i, ubuso osisiyatha ngakumbi abadala, neGaza) kunye sluggishness. Wayekholelwa ukuba kunyanzelekile ukuba atshabalalise inkqubo yabo amakheswa kwihlabathi phandle ekubhekeni. Ke ukugqithisela abantu ezingaphucukanga yaba kufuphi kwindalo, abalahlekileyo British ngokupheleleyo. Kule nkalo, izigqibo umbhali umdla ngokuphathelele kwiziphumo kwamathanga, ebebukele phantse yonke indlela ka "Pallada". Ngokutsho kombhali, "zasendle" amaTshayina kwi iintsilelo zabo akwazi ukufundisa British oluphucukileyo naseMelika, kunye nesimilo, kunye jikelele inkcubeko yokuziphatha kunye sengqondo ukuya izipho endalo.

Le ncwadi ithi (okokuqala!) Malunga ubomi i Decembrists eSiberia, yancedwa umhlobo lobuqu umbhali kunye nabanye abameli babo. Enokholo amandla, ubomi ngokwayo (nangona iimeko ngokungenabuntu, abameli ilungileyo yezikhulu wazama ukuba kwizindlu zabo, nesendlu eziyimfuneko umgangatho zokomoya) uvuse othandwayo zombhali.

amanqaku aliqela umdla kwezincoko Goncharova I.

Umfundi mihla le ncwadi inkcazelo umdla namhlanje kubonakala into eyinqaba. Umzekelo, ukuhleka isigqebelo yabangela Goncharov ngumkhwa kubulisa IsiNgesi. "Okokuqala, zama ukukrazula isandla zelinye iqela," - wabhala. Apho umbhali wayesazi ukuba wamkelwe kwi IsiNgesi-amadoda ngendlela yokubulisa kungekudala uza kuvela eRashiya.

Enye episode funny uza Japanese. Enye bendawo matiloshe wanika ibhotile engenanto. Emva koku, le umguquleli waseJapan wacela ukuba isipho umva. Yaye la mazwi: "Ewe, uyilahle (ibhotile) elwandle," watsho nzulu ukuba awukwazi. "Siza uya kukuzisela wena ngokwenene ziphose ...". Kwathi kanti kangangokuba abasemagunyeni ebezisokola kunye nokungeniswa ngokungekho mthethweni.

Uchaza uhambo lwakhe I. engaqhelekanga Goncharov, awahlali "Pallada" apho kwiminyaka emibini enesiqingatha nje kuphela indlu khumbuzo lamazwana, kodwa ngumthombo wempembelelo, leyo ukuba ukudala umsebenzi wobugcisa kakhulu.