Imiqondiso yemveliso yokubambisana. UMthetho "UkuBhaliswa koBume bamaQumrhu oLuntu kunye nabaShishini ngabanye"

E-Rashiya, kukho amathuba amaninzi kwimisebenzi yoluntu lwemibutho yezorhwebo. Kwaye enye yeyona nto inomdla kakhulu ngumhlobo wokuvelisa . Lihluke kakhulu kwizinye izakhiwo ezifanayo kwaye luvula amathuba ayingqalileyo kubathathi-nxaxheba.

Iingcamango ezibalulekileyo

Ukuze uqonde ngokupheleleyo isihloko, kufuneka uqwalasele ingqiqo kunye neempawu zokubambisana kweemveliso (yena ungubugcisa). Kuya kuba nokuqiqa ukuqala ngokuchaza impawu zale ntlangano.

Ngoko, kulungele ukuthini ukuqonda ngokubambisana komhlobo wokuvelisa? Enyanisweni, ngumbuzo wendlela enokwenzeka yokubambisana kunye nezomthetho yoshishino lomthetho loshishino. Le fomu inesizathu esipheleleyo somthetho, esinokufumaneka kwi-Art. 50 ye-Code Civil ye-Russian Federation.

Ukuba ubeka ingqalelo kwi-Art. 65, ingafundwa ukuba imibutho efanayo ifake isicelo kwiinkampani ezinxulumene. Le nyaniso ngenxa yezizathu ezibini:

• Abasunguli benhlangano enjalo banelungelo lokuthabatha inxaxheba kwimimiselo yeenkqubo zangaphakathi;
• Kwisakhelo se-artel, umzimba ophakamileyo wesakhiwo unokulungiswa.

Ukuqwalasela iimpawu zomsebenzi wokubambisana, Kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba, njengeminye imibutho efanayo (intlalo, intsebenziswano), isekelwe kumgaqo wobulungu kunye nomsebenzi wezorhwebo. Kodwa ngexesha elifanayo linomsebenzi oyingqayizivele: ngokubunjwa kwayo, ukubamba iqhaza komsebenzi kwimisebenzi ephambili ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa, kwaye kungeyona indawo yabasunguli, nangona okokugqibela kuyenzeka.

Iinkalo eziphambili

Ukuba sifunda iindidi zeempawu zePC, sinokugqiba ukuba loo ntlangano iyintlangano yabantu kuphela, kodwa nayo i-capital. Ezi zixhobo zisetyenzisiweyo ngexesha elifanayo, kodwa inxaxheba yamalungu obugcisa ithetha ngokugqithiseleyo. Eli qiniso liqinisekisa iimpawu eziphambili zomsebenzi wokubambisana:

• Kungakhathaliseki ubungakanani besabelo, abathathi-nxaxheba banamalungelo alinganayo;
• Ubulungu busetyenziswa njengomgaqo-siseko wokubambisana kwesakhiwo;
• Ukuphunyezwa okuhlangeneyo kwemveliso kunye nemisebenzi yezoqoqosho njengoko kunjalo kuvunyelwe;
• Ukuzimelela urhulumente kunye nokuphakanyiswa yindlela yokulawula inkqubo zangaphakathi;
• Isakhiwo ngokwawo sakhiwe kuphela xa kunenjongo yokuzithandela yabathathi-nxaxheba.
• Izindlela zokwenza imisebenzi yombutho zibandakanya uncedo kunye noluntu.

Ngaloo ndlela, iimpawu zomsebenzi wokubambisana zivumela ukuba siqinisekise ukuba isakhiwo esinjalo singenziwa kuphela emva kwesivumelwano sokuzithandela sabathathi-nxaxheba kwixesha elizayo ekumiseni inhlangano yentsebenziswano yamahhala.

Imiba yefomathi yomanyano

Ubungakanani beempawu ezikhankanywe ngasentla ngentlangano yezoshishino ngokubhekiselele kumabonakaliso abandakanyekayo kubandakanyeka kwabasebenzi bezakhiwo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemali.

Le ngcaciso ikuvumela ukuba uqonde ngakumbi intsingiselo yeenkqubo ngaphakathi kwesikhokelo sombutho onjalo.

Ekubeni enye yezinto eziphambili ziyinkunzi, ezibandakanya izabelo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezinikezelwa ngabathathi-nxaxheba, imisebenzi yomsebenzi wokubambisana iya kubandakanya ngokuqinisekileyo imisebenzi ehambelana nokutsalwa kweenzuzo. Kodwa musa ukulibala malunga nabantu abahlukeneyo, umanyano owenza intlangano ngokwawo. Omnye wabathathi-nxaxheba unentshisekelo ethile (ezentlalo, ezoqoqosho, njl. Njl.), Apho kwinkqubo yokuchonga nokwenza imisebenzi iyakuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo.

Ngenxa yoko, isiphelo esilandelayo siyacaca: Inkqubo yenkcazo yenkxaso kunye nokuhanjiswa kwemali efunyenweyo ihlala ilawulwa yinjongo yabathathi-nxaxheba. Enyanisweni, iimpawu zentsebenziswano yemveliso zibandakanya le nxalenye yolu hlobo lorhwebo.

Isimo somthetho

Ukuba sihlalutya umba wemoya yale mibutho, ngoko ke kukufanelekile ukuphawula okukodwa kwendlela yokwenza ishishini. Ngolwazi olungakumbi, umbutho wobambiswano unika ithuba lokuhlanganisa amaninzi amaninzi anxulumene nokuphunyezwa kweenkululeko, iimfuno kunye namalungelo abemi abenza inxaxheba. Yiyo le nto ukuba imibutho enje yorhwebo ihluke ngokuthe ngqo kwezinye iifom zentengiso .

Ubume obukhankanywe ngentla apha luvumela ukuba ilungu lesakhiwo lisebenzise ngokusemthethweni amalungelo alandelayo:

• Ukusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo zabo ukwenza ishishini;
• Impahla, ukulahlwa, ukusetyenziswa kwepropati ngokubambisana nabanye abantu, kungekhona nje;

• Ukuzikhethela ngokuzikhethela umsebenzi kunye nemisebenzi ngokubanzi, kunye nokusebenza kwexesha elizeleyo lomsebenzi ngaphakathi kwinqanaba elikhethiweyo;
• Ukusetyenziswa ngokukhululekile kwamakhono abo ukuqhuba imisebenzi yoshishino.

Wonke la malungelo achazwe ngumGaqo-siseko weRussia Federation kwaye unokuphunyezwa ngokugcwele kwimveliso yokubambisana, eyenziwa ngokuthotyelwa ngokugcwele nemimiselo yomthetho ngokubhaliswa koburhulumenteni bezomthetho kunye nabashishini ngabanye.

Ukwenza intsebenziswano

Ngokusekelwe kwingcaciso engentla, sinokugqiba ukuba le ndlela yoomashishini, njengomsebenzi wokubambisana, uyingqayizivele. Ngoku kufuneka sikhethe isigqibo sokuba singalungiswa njani.

Okokuqala, kufuneka uqale ngokubhalisa ubambiswano. Le nkqubo ayinakupheka kwaye idinga ingqalelo eninzi. Ukuqonda ngokugcwele le ngxaki kuya kunceda ufumane umthetho ngokubhalisa urhulumente lwamashishini angomthetho kunye nabashishini ngabanye.

Ekuqaleni, inani elithile lezakhiwo ezisemthethweni ezinokuthi bathathe inxaxheba kufuneka benze isigqibo sokuzithandela malunga nokubunjwa kwentlangano. Emva koko, kuyafaneleka ukuba uqale ukuyila ummiselo, ngaphandle kokuba u-artel awukwazi ukubhaliswa. Uxwebhu kufuneka luvunywe kwintlanganiso jikelele yabasunguli.

Kubalulekile ukunyamekela igama. Kuya kubakho ukufaka amagama athi "artel" okanye "ukusebenzisana kwemveliso".

Kwisigqibo sokudala intsebenziswano, into eyenziwa yintlangano kumlawuli wokubhalisa, ulwazi olulandelayo lufanele luboniswe:

• Ulwazi malunga nokusekwa kobambiswano kunye nokuvunyelwa komqulu wayo;
• Iinkcukacha malunga nemali, inkqubo, iindlela kunye nexesha lokumiswa kwipropati yombutho;
• Inkcazo yemigaqo yokukhetha iibakala eziphambili zesakhiwo kunye nokubonelelwa kweziphumo zokuvota kwimicimbi ephambili.

Ukuboniswa ngokubanzi kolwazi lwolu hlobo, umgaqo-nkqubo utyalwa. Igqityi lokugqibela liza kufakwa kumbutho wendawo wokubhalisa kwimimiselo yendibano yabasunguli, isitatimenti esenziwe ngokuhambelana nefom eqinisekisiweyo, kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwengxelo yokuhlawulwa kwemirhumo karhulumente kunye ne-charter ngokwayo.

Ukwahlukana kwiifom zombuso kunye noomasipala

Okokuqala, kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula indlela ukusebenzisana kwemveliso ehluke ngayo kwizakhiwo ezifana namashishini kamasipala kungekhona kuphela.

Okokuqala, kunengqiqo ukukhumbula ukubamba iqhaza komsebenzi wabasebenzi kwimibutho kwimisebenzi yobambiswano. Emva koko, kufuneka uqaphele ukulingana ekulawuleni isakhiwo. Esinye isibonakaliso esichaza i-PC phakathi kweminye imibutho yoluhlu lwepropati ibe ngamaqabane abathathi-nxaxheba.

Ukongezelela, kukho kwakhona uxanduva lokuxhamla kwamalungu kwiimali zentsebenziswano. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba, ngokwemiqathango yangoku, amagunya karhulumente kunye noorhulumente bendawo kufuneka bathuthukise uphuhliso lwemibutho yezorhwebo yolu hlobo.

Uncedo lunakho uhlobo lweenzuzo, kubandakanywa irhafu, kummandla wokubonelela ngeenkonzo kunye nemveliso yeempahla. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuqinisekisa isakhiwo somhlaba kunye nomhlaba ongeyena yokuhlala, apho umanyano onokubambisana nawo, ukuba kuyimfuneko, akhululwe. Ngaphezu koko, imizimba karhulumente inokubonelela ngezobugcisa kunye nokufikelela kwiinkcukacha eziyimfuneko ekusebenzeni ngokupheleleyo.

Ukuba sicinga ngamashishini kamasipala, ngokokuqala, okokuqala kufuneka kuphawulwe ukuba badalwe ngokukodwa kwifom ehlangeneyo. Umnini-shareholder oyintloko kumashishini alolu hlobo nguRhulumente, kwaye, ngenxa yoko, basemgceni we-balance sheet. Nangona kunjalo, kukufanelekile ukuthobela ingqalelo ukuba ubunini beemibutho bawomasipala basekuhlaleni, oko kukuthi izixeko zasemaphandleni nakwiindawo zasemaphandleni.

Umcimbi wePropati

Ubunini bemibutho yabambiseneli yemveliso ikwahlula ngezabelo zabathathi-nxaxheba kwintlangano, kwaye zilingana nomnikelo ngamnye.

Ngokuphathelele inzuzo, isasazwa phakathi kwamalungu esakhiwo ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi ye-artel. Ukuba inkqubo yokucinywa kombutho iqaliswe, ilungu ngalinye liya kukwazi ukurhoxisa isabelo salo, esibalwa njengepesenti.

Kunengqiqo ukuhlawula ingqalelo kwimithombo yolwakhiwo lwepropati yombutho:

• Imali efunyenwe kwikhosi yomsebenzi;
• Iminikelo yePropati yamalungu obambiswano;
• Naliphi na enye imithombo yemali engenakunyulwa ngumthetho osebenzayo.

Ukuzalisa umfanekiso, enye inyaniso kufuneka iphawulwe: ipropati eyenziwe ngamashishini abathathi-nxaxheba yipropati yentsebenziswano, kwaye ayinayo impahla ebelwanayo yamalungu ebambisene.

Imisebenzi enokwenzeka

Umthetho okwangoku uzimisele ukuba yimiphi imisebenzi efikelelekayo kunye nemithetho yomsebenzi wokubambisana. Ezi zilandelayo zilandelayo:

• Ukwakhiwa;
• Urhwebo;
• Umbutho woyilo kunye nophando nophuhliso;
• Iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zeenkonzo, kubandakanywa iinkonzo zasekhaya;
• Ukuveliswa, ukuthengisa, kunye nokucwangciswa kwezolimo, iimveliso kunye nezinye iimveliso;

• Ukukhutshwa kwamaminerali kunye nezibonelelo zendalo ngokweme;
• Ukubonelela ngokuthengisa, ezomthetho, ezonyango kunye nezinye iintlobo zeenkonzo ezingavunyelwe ngumthetho;
• Ukuqokelela kunye nokuqhutyelwa kokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zesibini.

Njengoko uyakubona, amathuba okusebenza okwenziwa ngamalungu obugcisa akwaneleyo.

Amalungelo

Amathuba kunye nezinto ezivumelekileyo zemisebenzi yokubambisana zichazwe ngasentla. Kodwa, ukuba sigxininisa ngamalungelo omsebenzi wokubambisana, ngoko ke unokuthi ingundoqo kukuba nethuba lokufumana impahla kunye nokuqhuba imisebenzi yezoqoqosho. Ngaphandle koku, ubukho kunye nophuhliso lombutho luya kuba yingxaki enkulu.

Kunengqiqo ukunyamekela amalungelo amalungu ayo. Ngoko ke, kukufanele sikhumbule ukuba ngamnye uthatha inxaxheba ithuba lokuvota ngexesha lesigqibo. Yaye le nyaniso ayixhomekeke kubukhulu besabelo.

Amalungu entlangano abandakanyeka ngokukodwa kwimisebenzi ye-artel, ukufumana isabelo sabo seenzuzo, ukunyula abanye nokuhambisa abaviwa babo, ukucela ulwazi oluyimfuneko kumagosa.

Iifom zendlela ezinokwenzeka

Akukho mfuneko yokulinda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwale mibutho iya kuba yimpawu yemisebenzi yazo. Ukuba sinokuqwalasela iifom ezivumelekileyo zokubambisana komsebenzi, ngoko kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba loo mibutho inokudibanisa kunye nokwenza imibutho.

Ukuba kuyimfuneko, u-artel unokuhlelwa kwakhona. Umthetho uvumela ezimbini iintlobo zezakhiwo eziguquliwe zolu hlobo:

• Umbutho woshishino (LLC);
• Ububambiswano bezoshishino ( ubambiswano obuncinane okanye ubambiswano olupheleleyo)

Ukuqalisa inkqubo enjalo, isinqumo esifanelekileyo samalungu ebambiswano siya kufuneka.

Iziphumo

Inyaniso yokuba umthetho waseRashiya uvumela ukusekwa kwentsebenziswano kunye nomanyano wokubamba iqhaza komsebenzi kwamalungu ayo kunye nenkunzi yaloo mva ingenakulungile. Kodwa le fomu yentlangano yezorhwebo, ngelanga, ayisasazwa ngokubanzi ngenxa yecala eliphezulu labaxhamli-nxaxheba.