I-Potato nematode: inkcazelo, ingozi, umzabalazo

I-Potato nematode isifo esibonakaliswe ngumonakalo obonakalayo we-tuber (bona isithombe). Isibangela sesi sifo sinesidumbu esincinci esinomfanekiso ogqithisileyo. Ngokwenene, igama lesi sifo "i-golden litat nematode" livela egameni lale mizimba ("nima" iguqulela ngokuthi "intambo" kunye "oides" njenge "efanayo", okanye "i-filamentary"). Ngokwemvelo, ezi zimbongolo ezincinane zinokuthi zenzeke kwiindawo zomhlaba (ngokuqhelekileyo ukuya kwi-10 cm ukujula), kumanzi amanzi ase-Antarctic, nasentwasahlobo eshushu. Ngokukodwa abaninzi babo basemhlabeni (izigidi eziliqela kumamitha angama-square).

Indlela yokuphila

I-neematode ye-mbatata ihlaba udonga lwesitya sesityalo kunye nomlomo wayo ngomlomo kwaye igawula umthi wayo kuwo, leyo iphinda ibuyisele iseli kwizinto ezigunyiweyo kwiimbumbulu kwaye ngokufanayo ziququzelele ukunyakaza kwama-parasite nge-tuber.

Amaqanda, amaninzi eematodes afakwe kwihlabathi, okanye ngqo kwiingcambu zesityalo sexhoba. I-mbatato nematode ithwala inzala ngokwayo, ibe yinto ekhuselekileyo. I-cyst nganye encinci inokuthi iqulethe izibhulu ezingamakhulu amathathu. Ukulindela ubomi (okanye, kunoko, ukusinda) kuphakamileyo - iminyaka eyi-10 (nangaphezulu).

Yenza ingozi

I-Larvae ephuma kwi-cyst, ngokukhawuleza iqalisa ukungena kwiingcambu zesityalo. I-injection injected ne-potato nematode ibhubhisa iiseli ze-tuber kwaye yanciphisa ukukhula kwayo. Iziqu zome, amaqabunga amancinci. Isityalo sinobuhlungu obunzima, obubuhlungu. I-mbatato nematode isasazeka ngokukhawuleza. Ngaphezu koko, izifo zengqondo zinye izifo ziwela ngokulula kwiibhola ezichaphazelekayo. Kwaye i-neematodes zithwala ii-virus, zilungiselela, ngaphezu koko, umhlaba wezinye izifo. Ngokomzekelo, i-tuber nematode ikhiqiza i-enzyme eyenza isityalo sithinteke ngokukhawuleza.

I-Nematode yinto yokuhlukanisa indawo

"Ogulayo" amazambane azithengiswa eMzantsi Melika nakwiindawo zeentaba ze-Andes. Kwakuvela apho ukuba i-nematode isasaze kwihlabathi lonke. Namhlanje isidumbu sifumaneka kumazwe angama-42. Kwaye oku kungakhathaliseki ukuba i-nematode yinto yokuhlukanisa indawo. Unqobe umgama wamawaka eekhilomitha, njengoko uqonda, iimbongolo ezidlulayo azikwazi. Ziqhutshwa ngumntu ngokwakhe. Ngayiphi indlela? Ukuhlambalaza kuyilula: kunye nezinto zokutyala, kwiivili zeemoto, kwiinkqubo zokunkcenkceshela, kwiinkqubo zokucoca, nakwizitshixo zabo.

Ngelishwa, i-parasite ichaphazela indawo ezininzi. Kungenzeka ukuba ngokungabikho kwezindlela ezifanelekileyo zokulwa nezifo zepatato (nematode) ziya kugqitywa yonke indawo.

Khuselo no khuselo

Ukuqwalasela ukukhathazeka okunjalo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba bonke abalimi nabalimi abafumene iimpawu zokutshatyalaliswa kwemifuno kunye nale nkunkuma kufuneka baxelele ngokukhawuleza uku kuhlola indawo yokutyunjwa kwezityalo (abameli bezo zonke iindawo).

Ngoku sele kusenokwenzeka ukuthetha ngeendlela zokuzalisa ezingekho phantsi kweematode. Phakathi kwabo - uLatona, Anosta, iPasasso kunye neMpala (Holland).

Kwakukho namachiza amatsha. I-Nematicide bazamide granules sele ibonakalise. Isetyenziswe ngaphambi kokuhlwayela (ukutyala), ikakhulukazi kwindawo evaliweyo phantsi kweetamatati kunye namakhukhamba, ngokusabalalisa okufanayo kunye nokutywinwa emhlabathini we-40 g wokulungiselela nganye imitha yesikwere. Ukukhuselwa kwamazambane kunye nalo myeza akukafundwanga.

Kwamanye amazwe, amanyathelo amaninzi athatyathwa - ukususela kwindawo yokuvelisa i-heterophos (80 kg / ha) kunye ne-thiazon (i-270 kg / ha) kuze kube yilapho ingqungquthela echithwayo ingcwatywa emhlabathini, ilandelwe ukuchlory (ukuthululela nge-chloride lime).