Fluoroquinolones: iziyobisi, izalathisi, Izimo kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, yaye kuya kusanda ngokwanda ukuba ukunyanga iintlobo zosulelo isicelo zokwenziwa amachiza antibacterial. Oku kungenxa yokuba abaninzi micro-eziphilayo ukuze akwazi ukumelana antibiotics wezendalo imvelaphi. Ukongeza, izifo ezosulelayo kwenzeka ngakumbi nzima ngakumbi, kwaye asisoloko nangoko lula ukuchonga arhente causative. Ngoko ke, ukwanda imfuno yamachiza antibacterial ebanzi-spectrum, nto leyo yayiza kuba iintsholongwane sifo. Elinye lamaqela zisebenzayo kweziyobisi kunye propati ke fluoroquinolones. Ezi imixube ke ofana kwaye eyaziwa ngokubanzi ukususela 80s zenkulungwane yama-20. ukusetyenziswa lwezonyango kwezi arhente ziye zabonisa ukuba ngempumelelo ngakumbi uninzi antibiotics ezaziwayo.

Yintoni fluoroquinolone

Amagciwane - iziyobisi kuba umsebenzi elwa kwaye zisoloko a imvelaphi yendalo. Ngokusemthethweni, fluoroquinolones azisebenzi antibiotics. Eli chiza eyenziweyo ezithathwe quinolones ngokongeza atom fluorine. Kuxhomekeka inani zabo ilifa ixesha ngendlela washout ezahlukeneyo.

Kanye emzimbeni, amalungiselelo fluoroquinolones kuthunyelwa kuzo zonke izicwili abangena ithambo ulwelo bangangeni ngokusebenzisa ngumkhaya kunye nengqondo igazi isithintelo, kwakunye kwiiseli bacteria. Banalo zikwazi ukunqanda umsebenzi enzyme microorganisms eziphambili ngaphandle apho sicinywa DNA yokuqaphela. Esi senzo unique kukhokelela kokufa iintsholongwane.

Ekubeni la machiza zisasazwa ngokukhawuleza wonke umzimba, bayaphumelela ngaphezu kakhulu ezinye antibiotics.

Against naziphi fluoroquinolones umsebenzi ngeentsholongwane

Oku amachiza ebanzi-omoya. ukuba Ayekholelwa ukuba ayasebenza gciwane Igram-akhabayo kunye navumelanayo-Igram, mycoplasma, chlamydia, isifo sephepha Mycobacterium, ezinye elula. Ukubhubhisa isisu, Pseudomonas kunye Haemophilus influenzae influenzae, pneumococci, Salmonella, Shigella, Listeria, meningococci kunye nabanye. Novelwano kubo bacteria intracellular, apho kunzima nezinye iziyobisi.

Buthuntu ukuba la machiza kuphela umngundo ezahlukeneyo kunye neentsholongwane, kunye negcushuwa.

Inzuzo yokusebenzisa le mithi

izifo ezininzi kakhulu kwaye axubeneyo sinyangeke fluoroquinolones kuphela. Amachiza asetyenziswa le njongo ngaphambili, ngoku besiba angasebenzi. A fluoroquinolones kuthelekiswa nabo lula ngakumbi ukunyamezeleka, wendele ngokukhawuleza, kwaye amagciwane nangoku abakwazi ukuba amelane kubo. Ukongeza, iziyobisi eli qela kufuneka nezinye izinto eziluncedo:

• ukubulala iintsholongwane, buthathaka kuzo;
• abe spectrum ezibanzi isenzo;
• ukungena yonke Amalungu nezihlunu;
• ukunqanda uphuhliso ethukile yokubolisa;
• Baya zinokudityaniswa kunye nezinye izinto antibacterial;
• makafumane ixesha elide lweenkomo, nokunyusa ukusebenza kwawo;
• kunqabile ukuba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Yintoni senzo fluoroquinolones

Amagciwane - iziyobisi zinokubanga iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezininzi. Yaye ngoku, iintsholongwane abaninzi baye babe buthuntu mali ezinjalo. Ngenxa yoko fluoroquinolones ibe enye enkulu antibiotics kwi unyango lwezifo ezosulelayo. Banalo ikhono elikhethekileyo ukunqanda enomfanekiso iiseli iintsholongwane, eya kwintshabalalo sabo. Oku kuchaza ukusebenza eziphezulu fluoroquinolones. Iimpawu ezizodwa isenzo sabo ikwathetha bioavailability eliphezulu. Bona iiyure 2-3 ukungena kuzo zonke izihlunu, amalungu kunye neencindi zomzimba womntu. La machiza itsalwa ikakhulu nomchamo. Kwaye ngaphantsi kakhulu antibiotics, zinokubanga iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Ubungqina obubonakalayo buxela

Elwa fluoroquinolone ngokubanzi ezisetyenziswa yezigulo ezifunyanwa esibhedlele, izifo kakhulu ezosulelayo le iphecana yokuphefumla kunye nenkqubo genitourinary. Nkqu ezifana izifo ezinzulu anthrax, icesina, salmonella, sinokunyangwa lula. Bayakwazi indawo kakhulu antibiotics. Fluoroquinolones iyasebenza ekunyangeni izifo ezifana:

• chlamydia;
• ukuvuza ngaphantsi;
• prostatitis esosulelayo;
• Ngokuzimela;
• pyelonephritis;
• esifo;
• nokuxaxaza igazi;
• salmonellosis;
• kwemigudu yomoya okanye inyumoniya;
• isifo sephepha.

Imiyalelo yokusebenzisa kwala machiza

Fluoroquinolones badla ziyafumaneka azipilisi lolawulo ngomlomo. Kodwa kukho isisombululo ukuba isitofu intramuscular, kwakunye ngamathontsi emehlweni neendlebe. Ukuze ufumane isiphumo enyangayo ezinqwenelekayo, zonke iingcebiso ugqirha kufuneka kulandelwe umthamo we iimpawu ukuthatha iziyobisi. Iipilisi kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba basele amanzi. Kubalulekile ukugcina lekhefu efunekayo phakathi lidle amathamo amabini. Ukuba kwenzeka ukuze xa ichiza oziphosileyo, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuthatha iyeza ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kodwa hayi ngexesha elinye ithamo elilandelayo.

Xa sisamkela amachiza fluoroquinolone kufuneka kulandelwe ingcebiso likagqirha malunga ukuhambelana abo namanye amayeza, kuba abanye babo nga zombini ukunciphisa isiphumo antibacterial kunye nokwandisa amathuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Ayikhuthazwa ngexesha unyango ixesha elide bakrotyiswe ngqo elangeni.

imiyalelo Special ngokufumana

Ngubani na ndlela ikhuselekileyo of fluoroquinolones antibacterial ziyaqwalaselwa. La machiza lalathelwe iindidi ezininzi izigulane abaye contraindicated ezinye antibiotics. Kodwa ezinye umda ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwazo apho. Fluoroquinolones abavumelekanga kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• abantwana ukuya kwiminyaka-3, yaye kwabanye, isizukulwana esitsha lwamachiza - ukuya kwiminyaka-2, kodwa esakhula, ukuba zisetyenziswa kuphela kwiimeko kakhulu;
• ngethuba lokukhulelwa nokuncancisa;
• yamafutha imikhumbi yobuchopho;
• ke hypersensitive amacandelo kumalungiselelo.

Xa kunikwa fluoroquinolones antitsidnymi kuthetha kunye impumelelo yabo unciphisa, ngoko ke kufuneka ikhefu iiyure eziliqela phakathi kwabo. Ukuba sisebenzisa ezi zixhobo kunye methylxanthines okanye amalungiselelo intsimbi, ubuthi okwandayo quinolones.

ziphumo bezingalindelekanga kunokwenzeka

Kuzo zonke izinto antibacterial kakhulu lula ngoyaba fluoroquinolones. la machiza manqaphanqapha kunokubangela iziphene ezifana:

• iintlungu esiswini, heartburn, ukuphazamiseka yangasese;
• intloko ebuhlungu, isiyezi;
• zokulala;
• unditsho, Barr kwi izihlunu;
• yehle umbono okanye ukuviwa;
• tachycardia;
• ngokwenzakala isibindi okanye umsebenzi kidney;
• izifo fungal esikhumba kunye inwebu yangaphakathi;
• anda ubuntununtunu UV zokukhanya.

ngezigaba fluoroquinolones

Ngoku kukho izizukulwana ezine iziyobisi kweli qela. Baqala ke ukuba nokulungelelanisa kwi 60s, kodwa siyazi ukuba saba de ekupheleni kwenkulungwane. Yaba fluoroquinolones 4, ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha imbonakalo kunye nokusebenza.

• Isizukulwana sokuqala - oko kuthetha umsebenzi ophantsi nxamnye iintsholongwane gram-HIV. Ezi ziquka fluoroquinolones amalungiselelo equlethe acid oxolinic okanye nalidixic.
• iziyobisi-generation yesibini asebenzayo ngokuchasene iintsholongwane iso penicillin. Kwakhona lusebenze amagciwane Nedlac. Amaninzi lokosuleleka kakhulu leli phecana bokuphefumla wokugaya, ezi fluoroquinolones zisetyenziswa. Iziyobisi kweli qela ziquka ezinjalo "ciprofloxacin", "Ofloxacin", "lomefloxacin" kunye nabanye.
• 3 fluoroquinolones sizukulwane ngokuba zokuphefumla, njengoko ingakumbi olusebenzayo ngokuchasene usulelo lwe iphecana eliphezulu kwaye ukungaphefumli. Oku "sparfloxacin" yaye "Levofloxacin".
• wabonakala 4 Isizukulwana iziyobisi kweli qela kutshanje. Bona ngokukhuthala ukulwa nezifo anaerobic. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, omnye kuphela isiyobisi ixhaphake - "moxifloxacin".

Amalungiselelo 1 no-2 isizukulwana fluoroquinolones

Sisihlandlo sokuqala iziyobisi kweli qela ingafunyanwa kwi-imi- 60 kwinkulungwane yama-20. Okokuqala ukulwa nezifo iphecana angasese namathumbu ezinjalo fluoroquinolones. Iziyobisi, ngoku eyaziwa kuphela kuluhlu loogqirha, ukusukela ukuba phantse ayisetyenziswa, kuba ukusebenza phantsi. Olu nyango esekelwe acid "Negro" nalidixic, "nevigramon". La machiza-generation yokuqala ebizwa quinolones. Balala ezininzi ziziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, neentsholongwane ezininzi buthuntu kubo.

Kodwa ke ukufunda la mayeza baqhubeka, yaye emva kweminyaka engama-20 kwakukho 2 isizukulwana fluoroquinolones. Got igama labo ngenxa kokukhutshelwa athom quinolone fluorine mpilo. Oku kwandisa ukusebenza kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga lincitshiswe. Ukuya fluoroquinolones isizukulwana lwesibini:

• "Ciprofloxacin", eyaziwa phantsi amagama "Tsiprobay" okanye "tsiprinol";
• "Norfloxacin" okanye "nolitsin".
• "Ofloxacin", nto leyo sithengwe igama "Ofloksin" okanye "tarivid".
• "Pefloksatsina" okanye "Abaktal".
• "Lomefloxacin" okanye "maksakvin".

Imixube 3 kunye nezizukulwana 4

Izifundo ezi amayeza ziye zaqhubeka. Kwaye ngoku fluoroquinolones banamhlanje ingqalelo kakhulu ngempumelelo. Uluhlu iimveliso 3 kunye nezizukulwana 4 nangoku ayinkulwanga kangako, ekubeni Akukabonakali ke ngokwezonyango ihlolwe kwaye samkelwe ukuze sisetyenziswe. Zinelungelo ukusebenza eliphezulu kwaye ukukwazi ukungena ngokukhawuleza onke amalungu kunye namalaphu. Ngoko ke, la machiza asetyenziswa lokosuleleka silula phecana yokuphefumla, womchamo, wokugaya, ulusu, namalungu. Ezi ziquka "Levofloxacin", eyaziwa ngokuba "Tavanic". Kuyaphumelela nkqu unyango anthrax. Kuba iziyobisi fluoroquinolones sizukulwana sesine "moxifloxacin" libhekisela (okanye "Aveloks"), asebenzayo ngokuchasene iintsholongwane anaerobic. Ezi izinto ezintsha abalwaziyo zintswelo bolshintva nezinye iziyobisi, wathwala ngcono zizigulane kunye ngempumelelo ngakumbi.

Fluoroquinolones - ziphakathi ndlela inokusetyenziswa ngokukuko kunyango kwezifo ezosulelayo. Kodwa ke zinokusetyenziswa kuphela emva kokuba kagqirha kagqirha.