Imbongi Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky: biography, ubuchule

Russian kunye Imbongi Soviet Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky wazalwa kufuphi St. Petersburg, e Tsarskoye Selo (ngoku - isixeko Pushkin), 10 Apreli 1895. Ngoko ke, eli nqaku awayemiselwe ngokoqobo: uyise wafundisa umthetho kaThixo kwakweso sikolo sinye eziphakamileyo, apho umlawuli Yayi ngamaxhesha kwabacebisi - Innokentiy Annensky. Apho wadibana Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky kunye Nikolaem Gumilovym, ngubani kwakweso sikolo sinye wafundela, yaye isiphelo sobomi, ukuba uyazicinga ezi abantu ababini kunye nootitshala yakhe ephambili.

Umendo uncwadi

Basekhaya, kwakunye imfundo yamabanga aphakamileyo waba imbongi kakhulu, emva kokuba wangena kwiYunivesithi kwi-Faculty of History ne Philology. Xa Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky wafunda ngemincili kunyaka wokuqala, i-World lokuQala. ingqokelela yokuqala yemibongo wembongi weza kanye phambi kwemfazwe, "kwiminyaka yesikolo". Incwadi yokuqala Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky oselula baba nethuba lokubonisa off (kodwa ngenkankulu walisebenzisa) kwiminyaka emine ngaphambili - ". I Ufundela" ngowe-1910, xa imibongo yakhe uvele kule magazini

Oku waba nexesha elimnandi! Kufutshane into yokwenza umthambo yabafazi, apho wayefunda khona Akhmatova elizayo, ukanti intombazana onesiphiwo Anya Gorenko - Vsevolod umhlobo kwabaninzi, iminyaka emininzi. Tsarskoye Selo ababeyazi uphando lwesihobe: nezo Iingxande zalo ezinde edumileyo kunye neepaki - ubungangamsha Versailles, yonke udlulele ngokuvumelana, ubuhle kwimibongo kuluvuyo ukuba amehlo. umphefumlo imbongi yaba uyamkela - ifuthe lobugcisa engakuyo umnqweno ngonaphakade ubuhle, ubuhle kunye nokungafihlisi. Neendinyana Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky wabhala enjalo yayibalaseliswa kwidolophu ngokuvumelana enxulumene nobabalo ngenyameko ubungqina. Pushkinskaya Muse embalwa i "tsarskosolov" hayi epholileyo umphefumlo.

abazali

Eyona mpembelelo kakhulu kwi incasa echaza imbongi umama wakhe, othe waba imbalelwano kunye countryman akhe amakhulu - Leo Tolstoy. Waya kusapho olukhulu yesikhumba kodwa ufundile kwasekuzalweni onesiphiwo creative, ukuyila, yaye oluninzi nenkululeko yokusebenzisa igama elithi: waqulunqwa intetho yakhe, ulwelo, anencasa uhlala unobubele.

uyise Imbongi xa wazalwa kwezo ndawo, apho unyana wakhe kwafuneka yokuzithethelela ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic - hayi kude Tikhvin. Apha ehlotyeni usapho ohanjiweyo ekhefini, kwaye imbongi elizayo wendele -ngenxa yobomi kwilali esemaphandleni Ilinskoe akukho uzimisele ngaphantsi ubuhle esulungekileyo omzi zakowabo. Indibaniso ezingaqhelekanga engaqhelekanga, kodwa kukwayinto umdla kakhulu eziqulathwe imigca zemibongo. Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky wabhala imibongo ngokupheleleyo-zinegazi elibandayo, kunye imvakalelo ezinzileyo ntsako nemvisiswano kunye nehlabathi.

Indibaniselwano ahlekisayo

umphefumlo imbongi lusoloko ngaxeshanye Bahlala kulo ukulunga kunye novuyo ezahlukeneyo kwaye efanayo kwezinye izinto nganye: kubomi emaphandleni kwisixeko yobukhosi ephothiweyo, ngendlela elula yamahlwempu lwesigodi - intelligence eliphezulu. Kuye kwasekwa kunye kwetalente. Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky wabhala imibongo evuya kwaye wonwabe nangona ukuba ilixa wanikwa ngokufanayo: nzima, ngqwabalala, ngamanye amaxesha - kabuhlungu.

Ke kaloku, xa ziwile, kwabonakala, yonke into ngathi sunbeam ugxininisa iminyaka zinzima eziqwini zeencwadi zakhe: "Summer" - uhlelo 1921, "Window kwi umyezo" - 1939 ... Le amaxesha ukuba namava Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky, ogama biography wakha iminyaka engaphezu kwama asibhozo, iginya yonke into eyayisenzeka welizwe loonyana babantu bakowabo, ukuba lubonakala umsebenzi wakhe, ngaphandle inimba bokubanga.

ukuthembeka umsindo

Nemisebenzi yakhe ezilandelayo ziye akazange themba: ". Ukujamelana isifingo" "Oriole", "bamnike Russian", "Golden Autumn" ... Nditsho incwadi yokugqibela epapashwe phambi kokufa kwakhe, ngowe-1976, ebizwa imbongi enelanga, bevuya, ngokumangalisayo unengqiqo. Akukho ingxolo, kugquma neendudumo ixesha elitsha awaba nako ukuyishukumisa nje uthando Pushkin ngayo ubomi, organic, eziva ixesha elide, ecaleni kuyo zonke iimfazwe neziphithiphithi - ingakumbi amashishini amancinci, njengothuli ngohadi ka Orpheus.

Abahlalutyi abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba le ngohadi nto wawisa UNikolai Gumilev, waluphakamisa Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky. ngobomi bakhe ayahlukanga ezinjalo amathuba ezibukhali, iintlekele kunye ubuqhawe njengoko gumilovskaya. Kodwa-kwiikota ezintathu senkulungwane ukubhala nesisa ukuba uyakholiswa vesi - oku ngaphezu kokuba feat, akunjalo?

kanye ekuqaleni

Imbongi uselula kakhulu, unethamsanqa kakhulu mentors. Journal of "I Ufundela," nto leyo yaveliswa ngokusekelwe yokuQala Gymnasium Petersburg, ihlelwe utitshala Latin, owathi kamva baziwa kakhulu njenge umbhali zembali Vasiliy Grigorevich Yan, ogama Saga malunga Genghis Khan kunye Batye uya kusoloko ithandwe kakhulu, bona ziye zaguqulelwa ngeelwimi ezingaphezu mahlanu. Igama ngokwenene nomyali Latin - Yanchevetsky, nguye kwaye yahlelwa yayo yokuqala, usana, umbongo. Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky okanye incwadi yokuqala yeminyaka yakhe ephakamileyo-esikolweni, akukho kokupapashwa i- "I Ufundela" zange ishicilelwe, ucinga ukuba imitative kunye nomfundi.

Noko ke, abazizisweli, abazange bade ekuseni kakhulu. Apukhtin, Nadson kunye abadala ... abaninzi abantu abacinga ukuba iimbongi, isono yemalimboleko phantse ngqo, apho abe iKrismesi encinane ayikho. Mjikelo, nto leyo wenzelwe Pushkin, wacinga kakuhle ngaphandle, ngokuchanileyo ubunzima, ifakelwe anomdla lobuciko, ukucamngca ka Baratynsky wothuka prochuvstvovaniyu ingqondo kwaye akukho lokuba iitalente abaselula.

abafundi

Ukususela ngowe-1914 Rozhdestvenskiy Vsevolod Aleksandrovich idweliswe kuluhlu labafundi St. Petersburg University. zibila kwezopolitiko, ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwiingxoxo bebandezelwe iphathwayo, akazange athabathe inxaxheba kuzo. Kwimpucuko, isilingo kakhulu kwindawo yayo, ukusondela kakhulu kuye akuzange, ngoko ke akukho namnye wayesoyikwa njengoko awodwa. Kodwa ngaphandle ukuthandana ebalulekileyo yalapho, yaye ngoku uye ngasekhohlo. Kwi-Faculty efanayo wafunda vuyerisa Reisner, umzobo eqaqambileyo, ungalahli olu phawu ukuze kude.

Kunye bandwendwela kwicandelo "Circle of Iimbongi" kwaye phantse esebenzayo ngokulinganayo. uyise Larissa yanceda ukupapasha eli phephancwadi, nto leyo umzimba imagi, ebizwa ngokuba "Rudin". Kwacaca ukuba eliyitotali lamagumbi asibhozo, ezibe imihobe ezintathu esele ebhaliweyo ibe yimbongi omdala - Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky. Kwaba nje club, ukuba kwakukho iqela le vesi, apho wathi Yesenin, Hope kunye nezinye iimbongi ezininzi St. Petersburg of ixesha.

Ukukhetha

Ngokuthe ngcembe imibono yedemokhrasi revolution baphenjelelwa noLarissa Reisner waqalisa ukulawula kwi kwisangqa. Yena ke ngo-Oktobha 1917 esuke udumo obungunaphakade uKhomishina kwiBaltic Fleet. A ngqwayi-Red Army waba Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky.

"Ilizwi elo looMawokhulu" - umbongo odumileyo ngo-1941 - ixilongo elikhulu kangaka kungenxa yokuba imbongi oselula Ibiyinkulungwane ikota eyadlulayo, kunye nomkhosi wakhe wonke ngeziganeko zaloo eziye wadala kanye akubo, leyo, zingawucongi ubomi babo, walwa bonke abantu.

iintlanganiso

Ekupheleni ubomi Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky wabhala elithi Philaretus "Amaphepha of Life", yaye incwadi waba phantse nangoko lwepaki, nangona kakhulu ejikeleza encinane. Oku kungenxa yokuba abantu ebomini bakhe Kufuthi nje engaqhelekanga kunye kaHomer. Ngokomzekelo, yena waza entsatsheni Maksima Gorkogo, yaye umbhali ibe uluvo eliphezulu kakhulu italente mfana, wathabatha ebomini yakhe yokudala le nxalenye isebenza, yaye abaninzi ngokuzithandela athethe ukucetyiswa, bacetyiswe. Ndaya kuthetha kakhulu kwaye iKrismesi kunye nentaphane emangalisayo "Indlu wembongi" e Koktebel - Maksimilianom Voloshinym.

Hayi kwisihobe engento Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky wendele njenge "inzululwazi ulonwabo". Ukudibana ne-Alexander Blok lichazwa kakhulu bathanda zemibongo. Gravitation malunga nokuchaneka kunye acmeism kalukhuni wegqitha, waqalisa umlingo kunye magic somculo embilwini kwamagama. Xa block Ndohlukana neentlobano acmeists, iKrismesi wahlala kunye awodwa ukuba ukubhala "ngaphandle kaThixo, iphefumlelwe." izibongo Science okunokufundwa lula, ukuba incasa umisela umzekelo. Ndinaloo nkoloseko ke amalungelo abo, naye, waba enye imbongi Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky.

imibongo ukulwa

I Patriotic IMfazwe Enkulu wenza wamajoni imbongi yeyona ngokoqobo ngosuku lokuqala. "Kuba ukukhusela iLeningrad" - iphephandaba wathumela correspondent wayo nayiphi na, nkqu imisebenzi enzima. Ngaphezu koko, wabelwa ukuba seSixhenxe Army babathwalela ngaphandle nayiphi usebenze kanzima. Imibandela xesha, nemihobe. Ngowe-1943 wapapasha incwadi "The Voice of the looMawokhulu", yaye ngo-1945 - "Ladoga". Zizo ezi izingqino ezahlukeneyo ukuba imbongi Ndandikhathazekile ukuba imbongi wabona, weva kwaye ndaziva. Bacule kunye satires, izincoko kunye iibhaladi, iileta kunye neengoma.

Kodwa ke, njengokuba ngaphambili, naliphi na igama zesihobe Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky ibe selubala kwaye zicocekile. Le inkosi - ngengqiqo intle gama - a traditionalist: zobugcisa classical kuba natyetyiswa elikhulu, complex amava nobomi kwisiqingatha sokuqala kule nkulungwane yamashumi amabini, waya lukhulu ukuba nimlinge bebuya kwabafileyo ezininzi iphela maze zesimbo, kodwa abafundi waba uhlobo olungqongqo zemibongo, ezele eziphilileyo, ezihlambulukileyo uphefumlayo.

ngemva kwempi

Imfazwe kwakunzima. Phantse ngoko nangoko emva kokugqitywa kwalo, ngowe-1947, waza wapapasha incwadi "Umama Road", emva koko imbongi cwaka iminyaka elishumi elinanye. Emva imibongo imfazwe kakhulu umphefumlo ayikho nangoko axa kwihlabathi elidala nemvisiswano. Kwaye ke bhala le urhulumente ababeyiswele nantoni na, nje Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky. Ingcinezelo bemchukumisa kuphela amapolisa, phambi kokuba revolution, xa kwiYunivesithi yase St. Petersburg, efana nomtshayelo, betshayela up abafundi ophikisana. Ukongeza kumsebenzi zemibongo, Vsevolod Alexandrovich ebengenakwenza usathandwa, abaninzi kakhulu.

Kakade ke, wayesebenzisa ezo izakhono ngoxa elinde uxolo lwengqondo. Ethatha inxaxheba translation, wabhala mdlalo opera (ezibhaliweyo wayinikela kubo ezilishumi, phakathi kwabo opera ezininzi eziye lomculo). Ixesha lokugqibela uyilo - yinto lwesihobe - kuthatha phantse ngokupheleleyo umxholo zobugcisa Russian. Ubhale uthotho lwemibongo azinikele wezakhiwo mkhulu eRashiya. Imbongi philosophizes ucamngca yembonakalo zomthonyama. Ke endaweni ebanzi kakhulu imisebenzi yakhe beshumayela kwimbali yobomi.

Caucasus

Ukuthanda ezi Iikona elinoyolo, sinombulelo yavela emva 20, yaye wabuya apha ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky ubomi bam bonke. Ezi uhambo ziboniswe kule mihobe "Tsei", "Vasso Hunter", "Intlanganiso abaseAfrika" kunye nabanye abaninzi. Nanku lo mthombo ungaphelelwayo imbongi ngokomsebenzi wayo.

Imijikelo intaba - obukhulu yokuqala zemibongo. Ubuhle enamandla bendalo yengingqi akwazi ukuncedisana ubuhle elithandekayo iilali Tikhvin kunye slenderness yeengcungcu iintlobo Tsarskoye Selo. Tseyskoe kwintlambo wakhanga imbongi, olufana nemagnethi, kungoko abanethemba ezingundoqo imbongi uba uhlobo nezobundlobongela, kunye nenkuthazo utyholwa njenge umpu.