Lokuzalwa Pushkin kaThixo. Wazalwa Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina

Imbongi classic Russian enkulu Alexander Pushkin, wazalwa kuBukhosi Russian ngexesha loMlawuli uPawulos Yokuqala. Pushkin Wazalelwa Imithombo yembali iboniswe ngeendlela ezimbini: ngoMeyi 26 Juni 6, 1799. Ngoko yiyiphi echanileyo? Eyona nto kukuba ngoMeyi 26 - ngemini yokuzalwa Pushkin ngayo kwikhalenda Roman (ubudala), kunye Juni 6 - i Modern - Julian. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, namhlanje, bonke abalandeli italente imbongi enkulu Russian lubhiyozelwa minyaka le ngomhla wokuzalwa kwakhe Juni 6. Kwazalelwa Pushkin - ikomkhulu yangoku welizwe lethu, isixeko eMoscow. Nangona kunjalo, kuloo minyaka kubhekwe isixeko yesibini lizwe emva St Petersburg.

1799 ukuba iRussia

Le ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-18 kwaba nzima gqitha ukuba iRussia. Abantu musa ngokwenene wayethanda * uKhesare uPawulos yangoku Yokuqala. Ngexesha elifutshane wobukumkani bakhe, yena wacaphuka gqitha nabantu bakhe, ukuba imini yokufa kwakhe, abantu abayi buhlungu ngayo, waza wavuyisana enye. Noko ke, ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe, eRashiya waba nako ukwandisa imida yayo, ngenxa iinjengele enkulu. Ngendlela, xa wokuzalwa Pushkin xa imikhosi Russian wabuya noloyiso, wawuthimba umzi eTurin. Ngokubanzi, kulo nyaka yaba yimpumelelo kakhulu kuba amajoni Russian, lalizele zoloyiso elikhulu kwaye anobukroti nokuhlasela, kwakunye kakhulu ukwenzela ukoyisa Russian. Ngoko, unyaka awazalwa Pushkina Aleksandra Sergeevicha - kunyaka ophelileyo kwenkulungwane ye-18 - yabalasela uloyiso yomkhosi Russian kunye ukuzalwa yingqondi enkulu - zezona ngcali zinetalente zonke iimbongi Russian.

yokuzalwa

Ngomhla ngemvelaphi A. S. Pushkin - igosa lakomkhulu, iingcambu zakhe ukususela uhlobo untitled branched ka Pushkin, ndivuka, ngokutsho legend, ukuba Ratshe - "an indoda enyanisekileyo", owayephila ngexesha of Aleksandra Nevskogo. Great-umkhulu, unina imbongi yaba an African uAbram Petrovich ithawula - njengokhozo uPetros Enkulu, kamva owaba jikelele. umkhulu yooyise - Leo Pushkin - yaba sikhulu kwi zokudubula, kodwa uyise zombhali yaba kude ebomini yomkhosi. Wayeyindoda yehlabathi, imbongi-ondithandayo wayesaziwa wit omkhulu. Enye imbongi ngokufanelekileyo ezaziwayo-kakuhle le ntsapho uyisekazi zooyise, Basil. Noko ke, wokuzalwa Pushkin kunye nosapho lwakhe ngokuqinisekileyo akazange silindele ukuba wazalelwa kwintsapho "zokukhanyisa zesihobe Russian" - imbongi ogama imisebenzi baya kwazi ngentloko kumazwe amaninzi nkqu kwiinkulungwane eziliqela emva kokufa kwakhe.

ebuntwaneni

Birthday Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina - May 26, 1977. KwiRejista Elkhovskoye Epiphany Church ngoMeyi 27, oko kukuthi, usuku emva kokuba ezelwe imbongi elizayo, irekhodi kwenziwa kukuba Sergei Pushkin wazalwa umntwana oyinkwenkwe, oza ogama Alexander. kwiintsuku ezili-10 emva koko, lo mfana wabhaptizwa ecaweni enye. Summer omncinane Sasa ngokuqhelekileyo echithwe ngelifa kuninakhulu wakhe amthandayo Mary Alekseevny ithawula. Ixhegokazi wayehlala namadlelo, kufutshane nedolophu Zvenigorod. Sele kule minyaka 14-15 Pushkin waqalisa ukubhala umbongo wakhe wokuqala, "monk" yaye "Menzeni"; ngo-1915, Pushkin oneminyaka eli-16 ubudala wabhala umbongo ebizwa "The Epistle to Yudin," yaye kamva ngonyaka - "Phupha".

ulutsha

I Lyceum e Tsarskoye Selo Pushkin wafundela 6 iminyaka, apho gqolo ityhila isipho sakhe imbongi. Apha wazuza abahlobo abanyanisekileyo kunye nabo. Ngeli xesha, waba kwempefumlelo ngenxa izibongo French. Ingakumbi ebethanda imveliso uVoltaire and Boys. Neembongi Russian yena kunqulwa Zhukovsky kunye Batiushkov. Xa ixesha lyceum bunikwa yemibongo yimbongi. Kamva, xa kwemibongo yakhe ifumene umbala kwezentlalo nezopolitiko, imisebenzi yakhe yaba nomdla Derzhavin. Rhoqo ngonyaka, ngosuku lokuzalwa Pushkin afunda nabo abaqalise ucengcelezo iivesi bawucula kwaye njengentlonipho yokumbulela.

Emva kokuba Lyceum, apho waphumelela ngowe-1817, Pushkin waqalisa ukukhonza kwi College of Foreign Affairs. Ngexesha lezi iminyaka Ndaziswa ubugcisa yeqonga, ungaphoswa kumdlalo owodwa. Pushkin kwakhona batyelela uluntu boncwadi "Arzamas" ngoncwadi kumabala emidlalo noluntu "ukukhanya green." Apho eyenziwe eninzi Decembrists abahlobo, nangona ekuqaleni wayengazi malunga kushishino lwabo.

omdala

Olunye ebomini imbongi iqalisa ithuba reference nentshutshiso. Bonke nandzu wendalo wayo inkululeko-bothando banxanelwe ubulungisa. Uninzi benamandla ngomoya kubambana imisebenzi yakhe, nokungafuni ukubeka loo meko, nto leyo ehambisana eRashiya ebudeni bolawulo Nicholas. Kwakuyo le nkalo omnye umba kufutshane imbongi Decembrists amaninzi, imibongo yakhe inkululeko-bothando. Kwaye ngqo le ndlela esikhathazayo yobulungisa, kwenzeke ukufa kwakhe.

Ukufa imbongi

Ebusika ka-1836 kwi ngokukhanya ludaba kobudlelwane kunye nomfazi wakhe Pushkina Natali umlawuli. Kwaye ngoko, ukuze buyisela urhano evela abantu abathile yokumkani sele ngalowo umcimbi phakathi Natalia kunye lakomkhulu, uBaron d'Anthes. akukho Pushkin ukuba benze kodwa ukuyimela imbeko umfazi wakhe ukuba Baron ukuya Kungquzulwano. ukulwa yabo bathatha indawo Februwari 27, 1837, kwiinyanga ezine phambi isikhumbuzo yama-38 imbongi. Emva komhla wokuzalwa Alexander Pushkin - Meyi 26 (6 Juni) 1799. Ngenxa yokuba umbhali ezimbini zokucwangcisa, waye ngxwelerha. Wafa kweentsuku ezimbini kamva, yaye iincwadi Russian abaziinkedama, baphulukene imbongi enkulu umbhali eneminyaka a ntsha. Alexander Pushkin wangcwatywa Svyatogorsky emangcwabeni, kufuphi lokuzalwa kwakhe Michael.

Njengoko lokuzalwa ka Pushkin namhlanje

Namhlanje eRashiya akukho mzi, apho kuya kubakho akukho sikolo ogama emva ezakudala ezinkulu Russian. Xa phambi kwezi zikolo bakuwufunqula ezikhumbuzo Pushkin. Ke kuzo zonke ngokwemveli kabini ngonyaka - ngomhla wokuzalwa kwakhe yaye umhla wokufa kwakhe - ngeengokuhlwa zobuchule okanye kusisa zanikezelwa kule mhla ekhumbulekayo. Iziganeko ngokwemveli ukuqala kungekabekwa iintyatyambo lesikhumbuzo ukuya umbhali, aze onke aye kwiholo ibandla, kwaye iqala inxalenye esemthethweni. Abafundi acengceleze imibongo ezinkqayiweyo, nezicatshulwa yemibongo, iintsomi eyabhalwa Pushkin, nokuba kukho izinto ezenziwa oxwlwa ngokusekelwe imisebenzi wembongi enkulu. Ukongeza, ngemihla ezingalibalekiyo lomsitho eyayibanjelwe kumathala eencwadi, sindingqinela igama zombhali. Abafundi amandla philological nabo ukuyibalekela kule mihla. Zedyunivesithi agcinwe iintetho umdla, iisemina, apho abafundi kunye nootitshala sithethe ngobomi umsebenzi ezakudala ezinkulu - izikhanyiso iincwadi Russian.

Ukubhiyozela lokuzalwa Pushkin ngaphandle Russia

Nge ngobuhlakani Pushkin wayengaziwa kuphela eRashiya kodwa phesheya. Imisebenzi yakhe kakhulu iziqu kumazwe elalisakuba USSR. eArmenia, Belarus, Azerbaijan, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, njl Kwizixeko ezininzi elalisakuba yiSoviet Union kufuneka izikolo ngamagama emva kokuba imbongi enkulu umbhali. Kwaye kwakhona ngonyaka babhiyozela iziganeko ezinxulumene igama Alexander. Kwezinye nakwiiriphabliki eyayisakuba yiSoviet are Rossotrudnichestvo. Igalelo lombutho kuphuhliso wokuhlangana ezentlalo nezenkcubeko phakathi Russia kwaye la mazwe kubalulekile. Umzekelo, ngenxa yakhe e Yerevan, Baku, Minsk kunye Astana, Chisinau nakwezinye neengqukuva ngonyaka ngokuhlwa azinikele imemori kwiimbongi Russian ezinkulu ababhali, kuquka Pushkin. Ngokomzekelo, kwisixeko Yerevan, esikolweni No. 8 ogama emva AS Pushkin, Juni 6 ngonyaka ngamnye amalungiselelo isiganeko luncedo kakhulu. Mhlawumbi bambalwa abantu bazi ukuba kude kwikomkhulu Armenian iye kwentaba, ezo zibizwa ngokuba "Pushkin idlule." Kwaba apha, ngokutsho legend, Pushkin wadibana umzimba abangaphiliyo Griboyedov ukuba ihanjiswa ukusuka wasePersi eRashiya. Apho, phakathi indalo emangalisayo enhle, yonke ukumka apha oki eluhlaza nemiterebhinti, kukho isi- wembongi edumileyo. Apha kwi yokuzalwa Aleksandra Pushkina sitsala abafundi abasuka kwizikolo ezahlukeneyo eArmenia, ngokubekwa iintyatyambo emazantsi lesikhumbuzo nokucengceleza imibongo, ufunde incwadi umtya yamabali, nibonisane, njalo-njalo. D.

Amanye amadoda amakhulu ababezalelwe lokuzalwa Pushkin

Wodliwa kwangaloo mhla wazalwa imbongi enkulu Russian, kodwa kanye kwiminyaka 200 ngaphambi kokuba azalwe artist iSpanish, ummeli ezimbejembeje - Diego Rodriguez Velazquez. Kodwa phantse 100 kwiminyaka kamva oko wazalwa umqambi Armenian edumileyo, umbhali imisebenzi ezifana ballet "uSpartacus" yaye "Gayane" kunye nabanye abaninzi, Aram Khachaturian. Wodliwa kwangaloo mhla wazalwa imbongi Russian kunye umguquleli UNikolai Ushakov.