Imbongi Dzhordzh Bayron: biography kunye nemisebenzi

Dzhordzh Bayron, ifoto kunye ngobomi oya kuzifumana kweli nqaku, eli kube njengento enkulu imbongi IsiNgesi. Iminyaka yobomi bakhe - 1788-1824. Ngenxa xesha Romanticism kuhlangene ubuchule George Byron. Qaphela ukuba Romanticism kwavela ngasekupheleni 18 - kwinkulungwane ye-19 ekuqaleni eNtshona Yurophu. Oku kwimizobo yavela ngenxa ye-French Revolution kunye yiEnlightenment, ezinxulumene nayo.

romanticism Byron

Abantu abaye bazama ukucinga ngokuqhubekayo, baba awonwabanga ngesiphumo revolution. Ukongeza, impendulo nkqubo iye yaphuculwa. Romance ngenxa yale kuqhekeka kwiinkampu ephikisanayo. Abanye wabiza abantu ekuhlaleni bakwazi ukubuyela kwindlela wayengusolusapho yobomi, izithethe kumaXesha Aphakathi, ukuba bashiye ngesisombululo iingxaki engxamisekileyo. Abanye ebizwa ngokuba ukuqhubeka Kwimeko French Revolution. Babefuna ukwenza iminqweno wayo inkululeko, ukulingana kunye yabafundi. Dzhordzh Bayron unamathelene nalo kubo. Olwenziwe ngurhulumente nkqubo lolawulo lwamaNgesi, yena kabukhali wamkhalimela. Byron awakuthethayo zokwamkelwa imithetho yaye abantu becinezelwa anti-bantu. Oku kwabangela ukunganeliseki enkulu kunye norhulumente.

Ukuphila ekuthinjweni

Ngowe-1816, imbongi yaqala nxamnye iphulo ezikhohlakeleyo. Kwafuneka ukuba bashiye isigxina lomthonyama England wakhe. An wagxothelwa kwilizwe lasemzini ithathe inxaxheba kumzabalazo laloo mvukelo zamaGrike yaye Italian Carbonari geqe. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba A. Pushkin ingqalelo ubungqondi imbongi-mbuso. I eliNgesi wayekuthanda ithandwa enkulu phakathi Decembrists. Belinsky, i umhlalutyi obalaseleyo Russian, naye akazange kudlula ingqalelo yakhe. wathetha nje imbongi, owenza igalelo elikhulu uncwadi zehlabathi Byron. Ingaba uyafuna ukumazi ngcono? Sicebisa ukuba ukufunda ngobomi iinkcukacha Byron.

Origin Byron

Wazalwa eLondon ngoJanuwari 22, 1788 imvelaphi yayo ephezulu evela bobabini baba kwicala sikanina. Kwaye Dzhon Bayron, kunye Ketrin Gordon evela basebukhosini liphezulu. Noko ke, imbongi wegqitha ebuntwaneni ubuhlwempu kakhulu.

Isibakala sokuba Dzhon Bayron, igosa Guards (ingasentla), bendiphila ubomi entofontofo kakhulu. Uyise imbongi wayichitha ngexesha elifutshane lithi ezimbini ezinkulu waya kuye ukusuka yokuqala ukusuka umfazi wesibini, unina womntwana. umtshato wokuqala kaYohane intombi loMhlekazi. Waziswa phezulu ngumakhulu wam, yaye kuphela ngo-1804 uqale ubuhlobo yakhe stepbrother.

ebuntwaneni

Abazali ngokukhawuleza emva kokuzalwa George iyaphalala. Uyise waya eFransi wafela apho. Kwisixeko Scottish ka Aberdeen wathatha indawo yabantwana abasaqalayo imbongi elizayo. Apha wafunda kwisikolo igrama. Ekupheleni ilizwi kwibanga lesithathu kwafika eNgilani ukuba mkhulu-umalume George wafa. Ngoko Byron ilifa itayitile uNdikhoyo wawuxhokonxa kunye Newstead Abbey - zezindlu zooyise, elise Nottingham County.

Kwaye enqabeni yaye kwilifa waba emaxongo kakhulu. Iimali ukubuyiselwa yabo akwanelanga. Ngoko ke, unina ka-George Byron wagqiba kwelokuba baqeshe Newstead Abbey. Yena ngokwakhe, kunye nonyana wakhe bahlala Southwell ekufutshane.

Oko amafu akhe ubutsha Byron?

Esakhula Byron amafu kuphela yokunqongophala kwemali. Isibakala sokuba George isisiqhwala kwasekuzalweni. Oogqirha ceba izixhobo ezahlukeneyo bamelane zanomkhinkqi, kodwa ayizange iphumelele. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba unina Byron yaba ubuntu ezingazinzanga. Yena lo umngcikivileyo, unyana ekufudumaleni ingxabano ukuba ukukhubazeka emzimbeni eye yabangela ukubandezeleka okukhulu mfana.

Imfundo e Harrow

George ngo 1801, wangena kwisikolo sokubhoda Harrow. Uyilelwe ukuba abantwana sokuzalwa amanene. Apha salungiselela kuba oonozakuzaku elizayo nabezopolitiko. Robert Peel, owathi kamva waba ngumlungiseleli elingaphakathi, umlungiseleli kamva yinkulumbuso eNgilani, wafundela eklasini enye imbongi omkhulu onjalo George Gordon Byron. Biography of hero yethu iya kwi iziganeko ebomini bakhe.

uthando lokuqala

Xa wayeneminyaka engama-15, ngo-1803, Byron wamthanda Mary Chavort. Oku kwenzeka ngexesha leeholide. Yena wayemdala George iminyaka emi-2. Ndawonye, bachitha ixesha elininzi. Noko ke, le ubuhlobo zange ukuphelisa emtshatweni. Ukuthanda uMariya iminyaka liwuthuthumbisa umphefumlo zothando imbongi Dzhordzh Gordon Byron. biography emfutshane uhlabela mgama uchaze iminyaka umfundi, eGeorge.

studentship

Lo mfana ngo-1805 waba umfundi kwiYunivesithi yaseCambridge. Ithuba uqeqesho kwaba lixesha ububi, ukuzonwabela kunye kumnandi. Ukongeza, George awayezithanda zemidlalo. Yena wayenza amanqindi, ukudada, ukubiya, bekhwele emahasheni. Yena waba ngomnye neendadi eziphambili eNgilani Dzhordzh Bayron. iinyani ezinika umdla malunga naye, akunjalo na? Ngelo xesha, waba nomdla ekufundeni. Kungekudala, abaninzi ndaphawula ukuba Byron imemori elinawo. Wakwazi ngentloko okubhaliweyo kwiphepha yonke.

Yeengqokelela zokuqala zemibongo

jaha yapapasha ingqokelela yokuqala yemibongo, ngoxa umfundi, ngo-1806. Wabiza incwadi yakhe "Die iziketshi." Emva konyaka kwakukho ingqokelela yesibini "Imihobe izihlandlo ezininzi" kwaye eyesithathu - ". Iiyure zolonwabo"

"Bards yaseBritani," Dzhordzh Bayron

biography esifutshane kwaye lazisa abafundi kobunzima uyibonakalisa ngeendlela ezininzi. Ngokukodwa, kulindixesha "Edinburgh Review" ngo-1808 kwabonakala ncomo engaziwa. It mercilessly bamhleka imisebenzi olungaziwayo lwe Byron. Wabhala ukuba akazange athethe ulwimi uncwadi waza wamcebisa ukuba afundise imibongo, ukuba ukupapasha iivesi angenzi. Dzhordzh Bayron ukuphendula, ekhutshwe ngo-1809 umbongo "Le bards yaseBritani." imveliso ibe yimpumelelo enkulu. Umbongo imelana iintlelo ezine.

Unyaka-emibini uhambo owasenzayo Dzhordzh Bayron

biography Emfutshane ziphawulwe luhambo lwakhe iminyaka emibini apho Byron waya ekupheleni kuka 1809. yathi yakudlula ngeli xesha kumbongo wakhe othi "Xa emanyathelweni Horace", waza wadala amanqaku zokuhamba enkondlo. Iindawo ezinika umdla nempembelelo kakhulu uphuhliso bobuchule kunye nesipho echaza Byron. uhambo lwakhe yaqala kunye ePortugal, emva koko George watyelela kwisiqithi saseMalta, Spain, Albania, Greece, eConstantinople. Ngehlobo lowe-1811 Byron wabuyela eNgilani. Apha wafunda ukuba unina ugula kakhulu. Noko ke, uGeorge akakwazanga ukufumana ephila.

"Childe kaHarold uhambo"

George umhlala Newstead waya ukusebenza kumbongo wakhe omtsha, koko wathi: "Childe kaHarold uhambo." Noko ke, xa umsebenzi ugqityiwe, umhleli Murray wabeka phambili imfuno ngaphandle ukusuka izitanza kulo mbongo, ezikumila yezopolitiko. Dzhordzh Bayron, ogama engobomi ubungqina uthando lwakhe inkululeko, wala ukuba uyenze loo msebenzi.

Ngumfanekiso Childe Harold Byron ubungcwele iimpawu liqhawe entsha, ngubani na ungquzulwano ezingadibaniyo kunye yokuziphatha kunye noluntu. Ukubaluleka kwale ndlela waqinisekisa impumelelo mbongo. Iye yaguqulelwa phantse kuzo zonke iilwimi zehlabathi. Kungekudala igama Childe Harold uye waba igama. Libhekisela kudana umntu, waphila kwaphela, ngubani ayekhalazela Eneneni, nobutshaba kuye.

Umsebenzi kwiNdlu yeeNkosi

Wagqiba ukukhusela indawo yayo, hayi kuphela vesi. Kungekudala Dzhordzh Bayron bathabatha isihlalo kwi kwiNdlu yeeNkosi, yawayo wembongi njengelifa. ENgilani ngelo xesha ke ithandwa kakhulu ludditskoe Movement, nguye logwayimbo nabaluki wabonakala koomatshini imicu. Isibakala sokuba lo matshini umsebenzi abaninzi kubo zishiywa umsebenzi. Yaye abo wakwazi ukufumana ukuba zehla ngamandla umvuzo. Abantu babona ke ingcambu abakhohlakeleyo yomluki waza waqalisa awatshabalalise.

Urhulumente uye wagqiba ukuba iwise umthetho, njengoko abathe abo abatshabalalisa oomatshini kwakufanele ukuba agwetyelwe ukufa. Byron wenza intetho kwiPalamente bekhala usayilwayo ezinjalo ngokungenabuntu. George wathi urhulumente ekujongwe ukukhusela umdla abemi, kunye monopolists, ababa mbalwa. Noko ke, nakuba yakhe, lo mthetho wamiswa ngoFebruwari 1812

Kukho ke waqalisa asingabokoyikwa nxamnye abaluki, leyo waqala kumgweba ukuba afe, ekuthinjweni ukuya ekuthinjweni, entolongweni. Byron na wahlala angazihoyi kwezi ziganeko, waza wapapasha ode wakhe nomsindo, nto leyo lwalusenza ababhali yomthetho. I wabhala ukuba Dzhordzh Bayron anayo kule minyaka? Uthotho yemibongo zothando weza evela usiba lwayo. Sixelele ngokufutshane ngabo.

"Umbongo Eastern"

Dzhordzh Bayron ngo-1813 wadala uthotho lwemibongo yothando. Ngowe-1813, kwakukho "Giaour" yaye "uMtshakazi Abydos," ngo-1814 - "ULara" yaye "Le Corsaire", ngo-1816 - "The abanya eKorinte." Xa ncwadi zibizwa ngokuba "East umbongo."

Umtshato oqhawukileyo

Imbongi IsiNgesi Dzhordzh Bayron ngoJanuwari 1815, watshata Annabella Milbenk. Le ntombazane evela yeengcungcu kwintsapho solusapho. Umlingane Byron ephikisana imisebenzi yakhe zoluntu, koko ngokucacileyo ukuba izinga kurhulumente. Intsapho ngenxa Kwabakho ingxabano.

Esi sibini ngoDisemba 1815, yaba intombi ogama Adoy Avgustoy. Kwaye ngoJanuwari 1816 umfazi wakhe wamshiya Byron ngaphandle ingcaciso. nangoko Abazali bakhe uqalise inkqubo mtshato. Byron ngeli xesha wadala eminye imisebenzi ezinikelwe uNapoleon, nto leyo yabonisa imbono yokuba, ulwa imfazwe nxamnye Bonaparte, eNgilani wangenisa abantu bakhe engxakini.

Byron washiya England

Divorce kunye nemibono yezopolitiko "ephosakeleyo," yakhokelela ukuba imbongi yaqala baiting. Amaphephandaba aye eqolo ukuba onjalo scandal kangangokuba Byron nako nje uye esitratweni. Walishiya ikhaya Aprili 26, 1816 yaye akazange wabuyela eNgilani. Lo mbongo yokugqibela ebhaliweyo kumazwe zabo zomthonyama, baba "izitanza Augusta", enikelwe nakwisiqingatha udade ka Byron, obeyindoda inkxaso kuye lonke eli xesha kwaye zixhaswe emoyeni George ngobuchule.

period Swiss

Okokuqala, Byron wayefuna ukuhlala eFransi, yaye emva koko e-Italy. Noko ke, abasemagunyeni baseFransi wamalela ukuba bahlale emizini, evumela ukuqhuba nje kweli lizwe. Ngoko ke, uGeorge waya eSwitzerland. Wazinza e Lake Geneva, Villa Diodati. ESwitzerland, wadibana baza baba ngabahlobo uShelley. ixesha lokuhlala kweli lizwe - ukususela ngoMeyi ukuya ku-Oktobha 1816 Ngeli xesha badalwa umbongo "Ubumnyama", "Phupha", "mbanjwa Chillon". Ngaphezu koko, Byron waqalisa ukubhala omnye umbongo "UManfred" kwaye edala con sesithathu "Childe Harold." Emva koko, waya eVenice.

Nolwazi Guiccioli, bathatha inxaxheba intshukumo Carbonari

Apha waqhelana kunye sisidwangube Guiccioli apho Byron wamthanda. Eli bhinqa etshatile, kodwa yena wathi imbongi imbuyekezo. Kunjalo, i sisidwangube kungekudala waya Ravenna kunye nomyeni wakhe.

Ngoko ke, ndagqiba ekubeni afudukele emva nesithandwa sakhe e Ravenna. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1819. Apha ke ngokubonakalayo eyayibandakanyekile intshukumo Carbonari, owathi ngo-1821 yaqala amalungiselelo qhankqalazo. Noko ke, okwangoku iqalile, kuba amanye amalungu ombutho baba ngabangcatshi.

Dlulisela Pisa

Ngowe-1821 Dzhordzh Gordon wafudukela Pisa. Apha ke wahlala sisidwangube Guiccioli, ukuba sele umtshato. UShelley kwakhona ayehlala esixekweni, kodwa ekwindla ka-1822, yena antywiliselwa. Byron ukususela 1821 ukuya 1823 wadala misebenzi ilandelayo: "Marino Faliero", "Sardanapalus", "I-Two Foscari," "izulu Umhlaba", "uKayin", "Werner". Ukongeza, waqala umdlalo wakhe osihloko sithi "freak Uguqulo", apho wahlala phahla.

Byron wadala odumileyo "Don Giovanni" kwisithuba ukususela 1818 ukuya 1823. Lo msebenzi mkhulu ke, kushiye phahla. George ukuphazamiseka emsebenzini wakhe ukuze bathathe inxaxheba kumzabalazo ukuzimela abantu zamaGrike.

Ukuthatha inxaxheba kumzabalazo ukuzimela abantu Greek

Byron ekwindla ka 1822 waya kuhlala Genoa, emva koko waya Missolongi (in December 1823). Noko ke, eGrisi, ngokunjalo phakathi Italian Carbonari, ukunqongophala komanyano phakathi bavukeli uyalandelwa. Byron wachitha ixesha elininzi iinzame ukuzama ukwandisa bavukeli. George wachitha umsebenzi lombutho, ukuzama ukwenza umkhosi eyodwa labavukeli. ixesha kakhulu ngelo xesha kwakukho ubomi imbongi bakhe. Ukongezelela, waba ebandayo. Byron wabhala ngomhla kumbongo wakhe 36 yokuzalwa, ebizwa ngokuba "Namhlanje, ndandineminyaka engama-36 ubudala."

Ukufa Byron

Waba buhlungu kakhulu ngenxa yokugula ka-Ada, intombi yakhe. Noko ke, Byron wafumana ileta kunye nomyalezo ukuba waphila. George ukuba bakhumbuze, ekhwele ihashe lakhe waza waya ukuba uhambe. Noko ke, waqala enzima imvula, nto leyo eyaba ubulalayo kuyo imbongi ebandayo. ubomi George Byron wakhawuleza wachacha Aprili 19, 1824.

Byron waba nempembelelo enkulu phezu uncwadi ihlabathi kwenkulungwane ye-19. Kwakukho into entsha lonke eyaziwa ngokuba "Byronism" leyo lwabonakala imisebenzi Lermontov kunye Pushkin. Njengoko for Western Europe, impembelelo imbongi bavakalelwa Genrih Geyne, uViktor Gyugo, Adam Mitskevich. Ngaphezu koko, umbongo Byron wayila isiseko zomculo isebenza noRoberta Shumana, Hector Berlioz kunye Petra Chaykovskogo. Nanamhla oku, kule ncwadi kukho ifuthe imbongi enjalo George Byron. Biography kanye nobuchule umdla yayo kubaphandi abaninzi.