Vordsvort Uilyam, imbongi IsiNgesi: biography, ubuchule

Uilyam Vordsvort, engobomi kunye nobuchule efanele yolu phononongo, waye ummeli lukhulu romanticism kwicala koncwadi IsiNgesi. umsebenzi wakhe kakhulu wagqiba inguqu ukusuka classicism ukuya romanticism. landscape Kwalo bulumko lyrics yeyona ndlela ilungileyo zehlabathi lemveli enkondlo.

iimpawu ngokubanzi

Vordsvort Uilyam waba ngummeli okhanyayo ixesha wakhe, umsebenzi wakhe kufuneka kubonwe kwimeko kwexesha. Ngenkulungwane ye-18 mkhuba ebhudla uncwadi IsiNgesi waba Classicism. Noko ke, ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane kukho umkhwa ukuba bafudukele theka yothando amazwi. Oku luqinisekiswa kakhulu iintsingiselo ezikhoyo kwexesha, eyile yokuba ukubaluleka ngeengcinga kwezentlalo nezopolitiko kunye neencwadi kwimisebenzi ukudlalwa jikelele Rousseau. Kwawenza ihlelo endalo kunye nomfanekiso iimvakalelo zabantu, iimvakalelo, ubuntu wezengqondo zaba nefuthe kakhulu kwi izangqa izifundiswa ixesha. Ukongeza, uncwadi IsiNgesi sele waba amava nokudalwa sonnets, imifanekiso indalo kunye lyrics entle. Imisebenzi ye William Shakespeare, Chaucer D., D. Milton nempembelelo enkulu kumsebenzi wembongi.

Lwabantwana, ekwishumi elivisayo uhambo

Vordsvort Uilyam wazalwa ngo-1770 e-Cumberland County. Yena unyana lolawulo arhente real estate. Inkwenkwe wathunyelwa kwisikolo e North Lancashire, apho wafumana imfundo elungileyo; wafundela iincwadi yamandulo IsiNgesi, imathematika. Kodwa okubaluleke nangakumbi kukuba umntwana wakhulela kwindalo, ukuba uye kwi ekutshintsheni nefuthe elikhulu. Kungelo xesha ke ndathandana komhlaba, apho kamva waba indlela ephambili ngemisebenzi yakhe lyrical. ngoko Vordsvort Uilyam waya Cambridge University, apho waba umoya ukuba ingumona, leyo aluzanga ethandwa nguye.

Noko ke, kwaba kwiminyaka bakhe umfundi isiganeko ebaluleke kakhulu: ekhefini mfana kunye nomhlobo wakhe waya kwelinye ngeenyawo ukuya France apho nje kwenzeka kuphazamiseka yotshintsho olululo. Benza ma enkulu phezu imbongi. Kunye neqabane lakhe wafika ngohlangothi chibi eItali. Olu hambo kubaluleke kakhulu ngomsebenzi wakhe; phantsi uluvo kuye Vordsvort Uilyam wabhala umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala omkhulu ( "Walk"). Sele kuchaziwe imigaqo eziphambili creative izibongo umbhali: indibanisela lweenkcazelo endalo nokuqiqa bulumko. Sinokuthi kulo mbongo uye wangomnye imisebenzi yakhe ebalulekileyo. Wayesebenza lukhulu kuwo, nelilandelayo, iminyaka yakhe oqolileyo, ukutshintsha, ukuhlaziya, uzifake amalungu amatsha kulo.

Inguquko

Vordsvort Uilyam emva kokuphumelela wazinikela ubuchule enkondlo. Nangona kunjalo, i-1790s yaba lixesha elinzima kuye, ekubeni ixesha kokuphoxeka kwi French Revolution. Ukongeza, kuba buhlungu gqitha baqonda kukuba ilizwe lakhe waya kulwa eFransi. Zonke ezi zinto ziye zakhokelela kudakumbo, ngoko ke kwisihobe xesha ipeyintiweyo ngezandi ezimnyama. Kodwa, yona, oko akuzange kube kudala, kuba kungekudala kakhulu, Uilyam Vordsvort, ogama imibongo kunjalo hlukile ukudangala kangaka, leva Coleridge, naye abe yimbongi. Le intshayelelo nje unyaka ikhule ibe ubuhlobo ngamandla, nto leyo echumayo kakhulu ixabiso intsebenziswano yabo, ingakumbi yinzondelelo ubugcisa lombhali.

"Leminyaka Enkulu"

Yiloo nto ibizwa ngokuba ixesha ukususela 1797 ukuya 1808 kwi ngobomi wembongi. Vordsvort Uilyam, ogama imisebenzi ngoku isandi eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo, wangena ixesha yenzondelelo yokudala. Abahlobo wamitha ukuthatha uhambo oluya eJamani phambi kokuba ugwebe ngelithi, makakhululwe ingqokelela imisebenzi lwesihobe ukuba ebekumele ukuba babonise izimvo zabo iincwadi lwanamhlanje. Coleridge kwafuneka ukuba ukubhala ballad ngesimbo exotic, kunye nomhlobo wakhe - theka yothando a lyrics. Nangona kunjalo, lo wokuqala ezibandakanywe ukuqokelela abangama malunga ezintlanu imisebenzi, kunye nabanye abanini yi zomhleli yakhe. Isizathu kufuneka kucelwa yokuba Coleridge wathabatha ukubhala iibhaladi ngomoya IsiNgesi yemveli, t. E. In ngamayelenqe ezintsonkothileyo yegama kakhulu. Nangona imibongo kwi IsiNgesi ngolwimi umhlobo wakhe sahlukile Ubulula lula. abalinganiswa bakhe bathetha eqondakalayo zifikeleleke kubo bonke intetho, nto leyo ezintsha olulandeleyo ixesha.

izimiso creative

Le ngqokelela kwakhona umdla ukuba uhlelo okwesibini kwintshayelelo Wordsworth wenza intshayelelo, ecacisa imithetho okukhokelwayo xa ubhala imibongo zabo. Wathi iibhaladi bakhe ombambazelayo namabali ezisekelwe Waqonda ukuba bajongwe wachaza indlela kwabonakala kuye. Ubomi, ubume kunye nobomi imbongi wabona njengoko wabona yendalo iphela. Wordsworth wathi imfuneko wokubona ezibonisa indawo ahlala ulwimi olulula, olucacileyo, nethafa. Wayekholelwa ukuba asimele nzima nantoni na xa uyila umsebenzi njengoko nemithetho yendalo yendalo, kufuneka kuthathwe ngoko nangoko, ngaphandle philosophizing engeyomfuneko. Xa nalencoko ukuqonda impembelelo Rousseau, naye bavuma iindumiso ubomi bomntu esifubeni indalo agxininise artificiality ubomi ezidolophini.

imifanekiso key

imibongo IsiNgesi Wordsworth zahluke kuqamba-gingxi, kodwa uphawu lwabo luphawu lo indibanisela umfanekiso endalo, amava zokomoya ngokuqiqa enzulu-bulumko. Kwaba entsha IsiNgesi iincwadi ixesha. Ukongeza, umbhali uye abe ligorha umntu oqhelekileyo imisebenzi yakhe; kumaphepha lwemibongo zakhe kukho lwasuswa, abathululi, mfama, abarhwebi ababehamba. Olu hlobo umlinganiswa yaba ezintsha iincwadi IsiNgesi, kwaye ngexesha elinye kakhulu ukufunyanwa kwe wembongi. Abanye xesha abahlalutyi zoncwadi ababemgxeka ezintsha enjalo.

Olunye uphawu yomfanekiso kwimibongo yakhe - indoda, ixhoba nokungalungi. Wordsworth kabukhali kakhulu ningabagwebanga imfazwe yaye babhala umdlalo "Abantu Frontier," nto leyo zazibonisa kwiintlungu kunye kumaxhoba obundlobongela. Okokugqibela, kukho inxalenye enkulu ilifa yakhe yokudala kuthatha umfanekiso ngokwakhe. Imbongi wayebhala ngobomi bakhe oluqwetyiweyo olwenziwa njengemibongo, ebizwa ngokuba "isandulela". Oku zizakubalulwa umfanekiso ngqo bengqondo kunye namava ngokweemvakalelo lomlinganiswa, abahlalutya ngenyameko indlela yophuhliso yakhe zokudala yimbongi. Umfanekiso yombhali kubalulekile ukuqonda yonke imibongo yakhe ngokubanzi.

eminye imisebenzi

Imizekelo intle nombhali kuculwa imibongo ngendalo kunye namava umphefumlo womntu. Uva nobubele umfanekiso wendalo. Uilyam Vordsvort, "Daffodils" nto leyo omnye weyona mizekelo intle kwimibongo yakhe ombambazelayo, mkhulu kwaye ubuhle zehlabathi ezingqongileyo. Kulo mbongo ke sung Ubuhle iintyatyambo, ekwimo ashushu kakhulu sonorous emnandi. Lo msebenzi yohlukile melodiousness engaqhelekanga kunye umthondo.

Omnye imisebenzi yakhe edumileyo ubizwa ngokuba "Kwi Westminster Bridge." Uilyam Vordsvort ukusungulwa esicace London, Noko ke, amrholela ingqalelo kuphela ummandla ezidolophini, kodwa ngezenzeko zendalo. Ngokubanzi, nesixeko ngokwaso iphantse engekho imisebenzi wembongi. Yena ngokupheleleyo kuloo mzana, lali kunye nendalo.

ixesha elizayo

Engamashumi amabini zokugqibela zobomi imbongi zaye kuphawulwa ebunayo ngokuthe ngcembe wempembelelo lwakhe lwemibongo. Xa zezifundo zoncwadi ukwahlula phakathi "kusasa" yaye "emva" Wordsworth. Ke ukuba kwisigaba sokuqala umsebenzi wakhe yabalasela iliso-gingxi, ixesha kamva luphawulwa imeko enzima lwengqondo. Oku kubangelwa ubukhulu becala ukuba ilahleko ngayo umbhali, wacaphuka gqitha kukufa bodade wakhe oyintanda, endikholisiweyo nguye waphila bonke ubomi bakhe, yaye abantwana bakhe ababini. Ukongeza, yena waphulukana umzalwana wakhe, abarhaxwa ngexesha elinye moya, kwakunye nomhlobo wakhe Coleridge. Nangona kunjalo, ngeli xesha, wadala uthotho sonnets amahle kunye nemisebenzi elegiac ukuba igcwele kukukhathazeka, intlungu nobuhlungu. Ezi umthwalo wakhe umsebenzi kamva omkhulu bulumko ngaphezu umsebenzi ngaphambili namandla apho Eyokuqiqa ezimyoli ubuhle. Imbongi wafa 1850 okwilizwe efanayo apho wazalwa.

nokubaluleka indalo

Le kwisihobe Wordsworth laliyindawo linyathelo ekubunjweni IsiNgesi Romanticism. Xa kwemibhalo mihla nge Coleridge kokwabo isizukulwana endala romantics. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba imibongo umbhali akuxhomekekanga ngoko nangoko amkelwa. Kuphela 1830s, impumelelo yakhe uncwadi aye avuzwa. Abaphulaphuli baba kakuhle imibhalo yakhe, kwaye Queen wamnika isihloko Imbongi kaNobel. Yena lalisaziwa eRashiya. Ngoko ke, Pushkin e kubhiyozelwa "Sonnet" yakhe wakhankanya igama imbongi IsiNgesi njengoko umbhali owaziwayo.