Iingozi okanye izehlo

Plane nangona kucingwa ngohlobo ikhuselekileyo zothutho, iingozi kunye moya le yimiphumo ebuhlungu kakhulu. Kuba izehlo ezinjalo iphawulwa linani elikhulu ngxwelerha, umonakalo omkhulu okanye ukutshatyalaliswa-moya, kukho isikhalo kuluntu kunye namajelo eendaba ingqalelo.

Ucalulo ngengozi zomoya

Iingozi okanye izehlo zihlelwe ngezizathu ezininzi. Ukwahlula phakathi komhlaba kunye kwingozi moya. Ground abo iziganeko ezenzeke ngaphambili okanye emva moya. Aviation iingozi moya - ezo iintlekele ukuba sizibandakanya ukusebenza crew isitya izabelo moya.

Ukongeza, ukukhululwa breakage, iingozi kunye neentlekele. Breakage kukhokelela umonakalo kancinane kwi-moya, amaxhoba abasinde apho. Ibizwa ngokuba isiganeko ingozi, hayi equka kulahlekelwa bubomi bakhe, apho moya ifumana umonakalo omkhulu okanye yatshatyalaliswa. Phantsi ntlekele kwakuthetha iingozi, obubonakala ngokuba yincwadi evuliweyo:

• umonakalo kuloo moya ukuze ukukhanda ngokoqoqosho inexpedient okanye ayinakwenzeka, ukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo moya;
• ukufa abakhweli okanye amalungu enqanaweni, ngokunjalo nabantu phakathi kwabo ebhodini, zingaphelanga iintsuku ezingama-30 ezayo evela mzuzu lwesiganeko.

Kubanga ngengozi

Unobangela oqhelekileyo ziingozi ngenqwelomoya ezi pilot isiphoso, t. E. Izinto ezenziwa abantu. Ngowe-42% amatyala ngenxa yezinye izizathu yeengozi zenzeke. Imiba yentlekele zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• 58% ngeziganeko kwabangela ukufa abakhweli enye okanye ngaphezulu okanye amalungu enqanaweni, kwenzeka ngenxa yempazamo elilinge.
• 22% amatyala ngenxa eqalile ukusilela art.
• 12% of kwiingozi akhawunti ngenxa yemozulu embi ngexesha esemoyeni.
• 9% of ziingozi kwenzeka ngenxa abagrogrisi.
• 7% lixabiso lexesha moya abasebenzi komhlaba.
• 1% of kwiingozi ngenqwelomoya kungenxa kweempembelelo uhlobo ezahlukeneyo yezizathu.

Iingozi kunye nezehlo evela into esekwe abangabantu-29% yamatyala kwenzeke nje ukuba, ngenxa ukungakhathali okanye ukulibala labaqhubi,-16% iphuma amaphutha isimo sezulu esibi, ngowe-5% yamatyala unobangela iingozi iba izixhobo yokukhanyela.

iindlela uphando iingozi lomoya

ingozi embi kwi-moya lwaxhomekeka kwiziphumo zohlaziyo ayisosinyanzelo kwaye nohlalutyo. Imithetho uphando yeengozi ngenqwelomoya iziganeko zibandakanya ukusekwa ngokukhawuleza yeqela impendulo ekhawulezileyo, nto leyo ibandakanya iingcali iindawo ezinxulumene ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo kule ntsimi. Kwixa elizayo, lo mbandela udluliselwe kwiKomishoni for Uphando ngengozi okanye moya isehlo eRashiya, i-National Board Safety Transportation eUnited States okanye ezinye iinkonzo.

Uhlalutyo ingozi kunye nesiganeko kubandakanya le manyathelo alandelayo:

• Khangela iindawo ezine eziyintloko moya ukugqiba indiza emhlabeni, waziqhekeza phezulu emoyeni.
• Phendla kwaye umamele kokuhamba.
• Khangela iintetho pilot kunye dispatcher.
• ingxelo yemozulu Analysis.
• Fumana uze uqokelele zonke iingceba-moya.
• Kuvavanya imizekelo efanayo izixhobo simulators.
• Uhlalutyo iifayile lobuqu abaqhubi kunye nokuchongwa yeemeko kunokwenzeka kwengqondo eziphembelele isibakala le ntlekele.
• Ukukhangela abakhweli kunye namaxwebhu imithwalo ukuze ecaleni okanye uqinisekise uguqulelo uhlaselo.
• abasindileyo Poll kunye okuzibonela nentlekele, isiganeko ukubukela iividiyo.
• izidumbu sezifo.

Iinkcukacha-manani ze uqhuma yi lizwe

Iinkcukacha-manani ze iingozi kunye moya yoluntu usecicini enkulu ye US-ekhokelwa. Ngenxa yoko, ukususela ngowe-1945 ukuya ngo-2013 eUnited States kwenzeka iingozi abangaphezu kwamakhulu asixhenxe kunye kokufa. manani Accident kuba xesha ibonisa ukuba inani yokufa e beemoto abakhweli kunye namalungu qela ezilishumi lamawaka isiqingatha sabantu.

ERussia manani ebuhlungu ukwakweli kumgca wesibini. Amazwe top ezilishumi ngokwenani iingozi kunye neentlekele nazo ziquka Canada, Brazil, Colombia, United Kingdom, eFransi, eIndiya, Indonesia kunye Mexico. US phambili enkulu phezu kwamanye amazwe simo ngenxa yokuba isabelo US accounted for-28% ka moya-moya yoluntu ehlabathini.

ngozi inkulu Russia

Kukho iingozi ezinkulu kummandla Russia. Ngabangcangcazelisi kakhulu kwi inani lamaxhoba ntlekele yaba wengxabano i-Tu-154, ekuqhubeni moya kwindlela Krasnodar-naseNovosibirsk nge eOmsk, ukusuka kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya kunye neemoto ezintathu ezisemthethweni evulekile in 1984. Lo moya ingozi yatshatyalaliswayo, ebantwini 179 ababekho-moya, ezintlanu kuphela abasindayo.

Eminye imithombo tsalela inkulu eRashiya umda ntlekele ngesiganeko ingabikho kwisiqithi Sakhalin ngo-1983. Emva ukunyhashwa ezimbini umda yiSoviet wadutyulwa phantsi uMzantsi Korean iBoeing 747. Kwafa kwaba bantu 269.

Le ntlekele inkulu kwi USSR

Iingozi USSR nekhulu okanye ngaphezulu abafa amatyala amathathu kuphela kwimbali Aviation Soviet. Isiganeko lukhulu ukuwa Tu-154 kufuphi Uchkuduk, ngomhla kummandla Uzbekistan. Wakhonza enqanaweni moya abakhweli ukusuka Karshi-Ufa-iLeningrad, kodwa emva kwemizuzu engamashumi amane anesithandathu emva kokuba ihambe, oduke ulawulo waya tailspin. Unobangela yesehlo ezibuhlungu waba imposiso yolawulo. Ngokutsho kwenye inguqulelo kwexesha elingwayo ukuphumla iye eyaphukileyo. Abafa abantu ezimakhulu mabini ebhodini.

September 11, 2001 abagrogrisi kwi US

Aba babini inkulu inani neengozi ezenzeka ehlabathini bangamaxhoba ngeziganeko Flight 11 Boston - Los Angeles kunye 175 Logan - Los Angeles, ngubani sithinjiwe abagrogrisi wathumela ezinde World Trade Center kunye umahluko imizuzu 17. Ngenqwelo-moya yokuqala (iBoeing 767-223ER) yaba 92 abakhweli, nabaqhubi nabalindi moya, kuquka amasela-5, elinesibini - abantu 65, kuquka nazo amasela-5. Ngenxa yoko komdlalo lokuqala wabulala abantu malunga 1692 (abakhweli kunye crew inqwelo-moya, abagrogrisi, abantu abakuloo World Trade Centre kunye nabancedi), emva kokuba amaxhoba yesibini basekhona malunga 965 ngabantu.

Tenerife intlekele moya

kwenzeka enye ingozi enkulu ekupheleni kukaMatshi 1977 elikwiiCanary Islands. Evulekile wadibana ezimbini "iBoeing", besuka Amsterdam - Las Palmas kunye Los Angeles - Las Palmas nge New York. Unobangela olusemthethweni uphando ngozi wayiqaphela Manager ekuchazweni imiyalelo kunye nabasebenzi impazamo. Le ngozi wabulala abantu 583.

LweNtlekele iBoeing 747 e Tokyo

Ngowe-1985, iingozi, zincediswa isiganeko ezibuhlungu zenzeka eTokyo. Lo moya eyayithwele Osaka Tokyo-moya lwangaphakathi, umsila somfanekiso ezilahlekileyo kwemizuzu elishumi emva kokuba uthabathe-off, apho ulawulo elahlekileyo yaza yaya entabeni eJapan, neekhilomitha ezili-112 ukusuka kwikomkhulu.

Abantu 524 ababekho ebhodini, ezine kuphela abasindayo. abakhweli abaninzi abazange bafe ngexesha yempembelelo, kwaye emhlabeni - ukusuka emzimbeni kunye nokwenzakala. Mhlawumbi ukuba uncedo wafika ngaphambili (amaxhoba ezine emva kweeyure elinesine emva kokuwa), abanye babo ukuba usindisiwe.

Charkhi Dadri yee-air yokungqubana

I yokuqala inani lamaxhoba kwi ingozi-moya emoyeni kwintlekele - ekuweni nkampani kwenqanawa i Airlines iBoeing 747-168B Saudi Arabia Airlines kunye Air Kazakhstan. Le ngozi yenzeke esibhakabhakeni phezu isixeko Indian Charkhi Dadra. Le ngozi wabulala abantu 349 lulahla zombini iinqwelomoya. Phakathi amaxhoba ingozi kuquka abemi of India, Nepal, Saudi Arabia, eRashiya, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, i-USA, Pakistan, Bangladesh kunye UK (ngokunciphisa inani leengozi).

Izinto ezibangela le ngozi uthumo esemthethweni ezi zinto zilandelayo ziziwe:

• ulwazi abaziintsizana nabalindi moya IsiNgesi kunye nabaqhubi-moya;
• ukulambatha kobuchule labaqhubi kunye nabasebenzi komsebenzi enganelisiyo imisebenzi;
• ukungabikho phraseology professional eqhelekileyo ye pilot;
• phambi kwindlela enye kuphela nalapho lihlala;
• akukho radar kwisikhululo senqwelo moya Delhi India.

Turkish Airlines eyenzeke Paris

Le ntlekele yenzeke phezu Paris ekuqaleni kukaMatshi 1973. Airliner moya Turkish ubhabha usuka Istanbul ukuya eLondon nge Paris, xa imizuzu ezintandathu emva ukusuka emnyango gumbi imithwalo wavula. Lo moya walahlekelwa ulawulo kwaye ukuwa ndawaphula zibe ngamaqhekeza amancinci. Ibulala bonke ababe-, okt abakhweli 334 kunye namalungu enqanaweni elinambini.

Ukuhlasela kwabagrogrisi Atlantic Ocean

umthetho wogrogriso esenzeka ngo-1985 phezu Atlantic Ocean, kwabulawa abantu 329. Plane ngozi yenzeke kumanzi amazwe ngamazwe, lo moya waqhekeza ibe ziingceba ngenxa-dubulo kwi emboniselweni imithwalo. Lijongene ngengozi baye bacinga amaqela nje ezintathu eziyingozi eUnited States naseKhanada.

Intlekele Arabia Airlines in yaseRiyadh

Ngowe-1980, Saudi Arabia Airlines moya iimpukane indlela Karachi - Riyadh - Jeddah. A kwemizuzu embalwa emva kokuba uthathe-off ababekhwele kwenzeke komlilo. Eli qela-moya wakwazi ukwenza ebikhona, kodwa ukuhlangula abantu baqala imizuzu engamashumi amabini anesithathu kuphela emva kokufika. abalindi moya abakwazanga ukuvula iingcango ukuqala ngobungxamo, kunye neenkonzo moya kwakufuneka ixesha sokulungisa imiyalelo ezifanelekileyo IsiNgesi. Ngenxa kokulibazisa, bonke abakhweli kunye namalungu enqanaweni 287 babulawa elinesine.

Intlekele of IDonetsk ngo-2014

Biggest engozini kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini ananye kwelo lalisakuba yiSoviet Union kwenzeka ngehlobo lika-2014 kummandla imfazwe phakathi imikhosi karhulumente kunye iingalo IDonetsk yaBantu Republic. "IBoeing" 777, besuka Amsterdam - Kuala Lumpur (ikomkhulu Malaysia), watshayiswa "Incwadi" ye self-ngokwaso anti-moya complex. umsebenzi Ukufuna kunye nophando yesehlo wawunzima yi kukuba kuloo ndawo apho kwendiza, phakathi miba mibini.

Ngenxa yale ntlekele yabulala abantu 298. Reis oxhaphaza osisithethi World Health Organization, owayelilungu leNdlu yeeNgwevu evela lezaBasebenzi Party of the Netherlands, umbhali Australian, abathathi-nxaxheba kwi-International AIDS Society. Le ngozi yaba ngumba ebalulekileyo kwezohlwayo ezintsha nxamnye neRashiya, wathinta indices stock kunye imilinganiselo zenkampani Malaysia Airlines.

Ingozi cargo AN-32 e Zaire

Top ezilishumi Accident tshame isiganeko impahla AN-32, nto leyo lwenzeka Zaire. Le ndiza wayengasakwazi nokuphakama emoyeni yaza yaya kwimarike ukuba kufutshane kakhulu evulekile. Ngenxa ngenxa yengozi babulala oomatshini, lowo wakhwela-moya kunye nabantu 297 emhlabeni, phakathi kwabo abafazi kunye nabantwana ikakhulu. Abantu 66 kuphela bakwazi ukuchonga phakathi kwabafileyo.