Ifilosofi Ancient Greek

Impucuko kwihlabathi lanamhlanje - yimveliso ngqo izithethe zamandulo zamaGrike. Yamandulo bulumko yamaGrike - yeyona ndawo ibaluleke kakhulu kuyo. Ngokusekelwe kwi ingqiqo ixhaphakileyo, yindlela esiwaphawula zigaba eziliqela wadlula apho bulumko kunye nenkcubeko lidala ngokubanzi.

Inyathelo One. Imvelaphi bulumko lasungulwa. Wenkulungwane isiqingatha VI lokuqala BC. e, inxalenye Asia Minor Greece -. Ionia waba eMileto. Kukho yamandulo yamaGrike lokuqala esikolweni, ngokuba Milesian. Ukuze it fanele Anaximander, inabe, Anaximenes, kunye nabafundi babo.

Inyathelo lesibini. Ukuvuthwa kaBiko, eneentyatyambo yayo (kunye V kwi IV BC), liya izikolo: Atomists, kunye kaPythagoras Sophists. Eli nqanaba linxulunyaniswa amagama yawona kakhulu - uSocrates, uAristotle, uPlato.

Inyathelo ezintathu. bulumko yamandulo yamaGrike kwenzeka ukwehla. Ixesha Latin nentanda-bulumko yamaGrike. Eyona libizwa ngexesha lamaGrike Philosophy - ukungabi, ubuStoyike, Epicureanism.

Ukuba womvalela umxholo iingcamango bulumko, sifumana oku kulandelayo:

• Classic ekuqaleni (pre-Socratics, zemvelo): "Physis", "Space" kunye nesakhiwo sayo;
• Classic medium (kunqunyulwa kunye zemvelo yakhe yesikolo);
• eliphezulu Classic (Aristotle Plato, kunye nezikolo zabo).

Ziziphi iimpawu bulumko yamandulo yamaGrike? Luphawulwa bulumko nolahlo ngokubanzi niguqukele kwiziqalelo antique yamandulo yesiGrike ulwazi lwenzululwazi, kokuma ngezenzeko ezenzeka kwindalo, kwakunye impumelelo inkcubeko kunye bacinga zenzululwazi waseMpuma. Kuba lolu hlobo inqubo sachaza cosmocentrism. Uhlobo kunye iziqalelo - le macrocosm, kukho uhlobo ekuphindwa kuyo ihlabathi, umntu - i sekuba. Lo mgaqo iphezulu, leyo subjugates wabonakala yabantu, ebizwa kwekamva. Kweli thuba ukuphuhlisa enemveliso ulwazi lwemathematika kunye lwezenzululwazi, nto leyo ekhokelela, nayo, ukuya indibaniselwano ekhethekileyo zakuqala ulwazi lwenzululwazi kunye ezingqondweni ubuhle kunye nangqondo. Umbuzo: kutheni intanda kule kubonakaliswa wazalelwa Greece yamandulo?

Imiqathango, igalelo ekwakhiweni libhekisa, kuqala kwiinto zonke, inkululeko yokucinga yamaGrike amandulo, kwabangelwa ethile Greece ethile yamandulo: zonqulo iinkolelo ezinganxulumananga nokumiselwa ngokuqatha ekuhlaleni ngamnye. Phakathi amaGrike, akukho ngokuphathelele ububingeleli, nto leyo eye ezo impembelelo kwezinye nempuma. iinkolelo zamaGrike Andiceli efanayo ngendlela elondoloza ubomi, zombini kwi-East enye. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, kukho isithuba esaneleyo ngenxa yengqondo, self-uphendlo. Ukuze ufumane ekuqaleni ebomini. Kuyinto umdla ubuncinane, kwaye eli xesha luphawulwa umsebenzi, nto leyo kubonakaliswa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kule amazwe nokuhlaliswa olunzulu (ukuqalela ukususela ngenkulungwane VII BC). Xa kuthelekiswa ezingqonge abantu ungenzi nto, ebetha ukhetho eqaqambileyo imisebenzi kwanamaGrike, ukufuduka ukuhamba kunye neshishini. Bathembela kuphela ngokwabo, ubuchule babo, lo gama sibonise, umdla wokwenene ngodlamko ehlabathini ngeenxa zonke kuye.

bulumko yamandulo yamaGrike, cosmocentrism

Njengoko sele sisazi, VI-IV BC kwekhulu ke kweentyatyambo okukhawulezayo nje bulumko, kunye nenkcubeko ngokubanzi. Ngeli xesha, ihlabathi elitsha wadala, umbono omtsha yehlabathi kunye isixhobo yayo, imfundiso yonke, leyo kukuqala kokwazi namhlanje kunye ezifunyaniswe. Land (nazo zonke izinto ezikuwo), ukukhanya esibhakabhakeni sigqunywe isithuba okuvala kwemilo ungqukuva, kunye kumjikelo rhoqo: zonke apho, yonke into nokuphuma kwemali, izinto ziyatshintsha. Kodwa akukho bani uwaziyo kukho ubuyisela phi na phi. Ezinye zefilosofi bathi yonke isekelwe izinto sensory waqonda (umlilo, amanzi, ioksijini, umhlaba kunye Apeiron), abanye uchaze zonke atom zezibalo (i Pythagoreans), abanye ukuqonda isizathu nezingenakubonwa, umntu omnye (Eleatics), owesine uthathwa uqilima atom ayahlukahlukenanga (Democritus), ibango wesihlanu ukuba umhlaba shadow, ziziphumo ekuqondeni yokucinga kuphela. Kakade ke, onke amacala ngoku kubonakala benendelelo yaye ayingqinelani, kuba lalingekafiki ekuqondeni ukuba bulumko ukuze babe amaxabiso ezahlukeneyo. Kodwa BC kwekhulu V (Plato kunye Democritus) unika imigca emibini eziphikisanayo ziphawulwe ngokucacileyo. Umzabalazo phakathi kwezi imigca uhamba-bulumko lonke ...