Ibhere eliBrown: inkcazo emfutshane, ubuninzi, ubukhulu. Iimilo ebhere

Ibhere eliBrown, inkcazo emfutshane malunga nesiza kuqwalasela kweli nqaku, ngumhlali ohlala kwihlathi le-taiga. Itholakala phantse kwiRashiya, ngakumbi eSiberia naseMpuma Ekude. Itholakala kwiindawo ezinamazwe ahlukeneyo, okubandakanya ama-Asia aseCentral naseCaucasus kwiindawo ezihlambulukileyo, ezinqabileyo, kunye namahlathi athile. Ngoko, qhelana naye: umnini weRashiya waseRussia ibhere elimnyama!

Inkcazo emfutshane yeentlobo

Ibhere elimnyama okanye eliqhelekileyo lizilwanyana ezinomdla, ezimelela intsapho yebhere. Okwangoku, ibhere elimnyama lilo lidaka elikhulu emhlabeni. Ubude bendalo bakhe kwindalo iminyaka engama-30. Ekuthunjweni, isilwanyana singaphila kwiminyaka engama-50. Iilwimi zikholelwa ukuba igama lenkomo liqulethwe ngamagama amabini - "ukwazi" kunye "nobusi". Kwaye oku kuqondakalayo: naphezu kwezinto ezithandayo, ibhere lingumtsalane omkhulu wobusi ocolileyo kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo i- omnivore.

Ukunikezelwa kwamandla

Ukutya komtya ukuya ku-3/4 kubandakanya ukutya kokutya. Lawa ahlukeneyo amajikijolo, amanqatha, ama-acorns, ama-rhizomes kunye nezilimo eziyi-tubers zezityalo. Ngamanye amaxesha izidlo zidla ingca. Kwiminyaka ephilileyo, iibhere ezibomvu, njengezimpungushe, zidibanisa ekuhlwayeleni i-oats kwinqanaba lobisi lwazo kunye nokuhlwayela ingqolowa. Ukutya kwezilwanyana kubandakanya iintlobo ezinambuzane, izilwanyana ezinwabuzelayo, ama-amphibians, iigorantsana ezincinci, iintlanzi kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, zininzi ezinkulu . Ngokomzekelo, i-giant giant ayinakudla nantoni na ngokubetha iqhosha elinamandla elinamandla ukumbambisa isikhulu somntu omdala!

Ibhere leBrown. Inkcazo emfutshane yee-species

Ukwahlula kwamanani phakathi kweebhere ezibomvu kunzima kangangokuba xa ezi zilwanyana zahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezahlukileyo. Okwangoku, zonke iibhere ezimnyama zidibaniswa zibe yintlobo enye, ukudibanisa i-subspecies eziliqela okanye iintlanga. Ngoko, iibhere ezimnyama zi:

• Eziqhelekileyo (i-Eurasian okanye iYurophu);
• SaseCalifornia;
• BaseSiberia;
• Satin;
• Gobi;
• IGrizzly okanye iMexico;
• Tianshan;
• Ussuriysky okanye iJapan;
• Kodiak;
• ITibetan.

Amandla amakhulu

Njengoko sele uqondayo, ibhere elimnyama, inkcazo esicacisayo kulo nqaku, yinto eqhelekileyo ye-clubfoot emhlabeni jikelele. Nangona kuthiwa ibomvu, ayisoloko edwetswe kulo mbala. Ngokwemvelo, ungayifumana imnyama, ne-beige, kunye nephuzi, kunye neebhere ezibomvu. Kodwa siza kuthetha ngombala weboya yabo kamva. Ngoku sinomdla kubungakanani bawo.

Ubukhulu bezilwanyana zihluke ngokuxhomekeka kwisini sabo, ubudala kunye nendawo yokuhlala. Kodwa amadoda nakweyiphi na into inkulu kunabesifazane kwaye i-30% ngaphezulu. Iibhere ezidaka kakhulu zinokuphakama kwi-withers ukusuka kwi-75 ukuya kwi-160 cm. Ubungakanani bomzimba buhluka kakhulu ukusuka kwi-1.6 ukuya kwi-2.9 yamitha.

Ubunzima bhere obomvu ngokuthe ngqo kuxhomekeke kwimiba yendawo yokuhlala. Enye yezilwanyana ezinobunzima yizona zimbombo ezihlala kwi-Peninsula yeScandinavia kwaye, ngokwenene, kwintsimi yelizwe lethu. Ubunzima bawo buyi 350 kilogram. Abalingani babo baseMelika abahlala ecaleni lasentshonalanga ye-United States, kunye nabo bahlala eCanada, ngamanye amaxesha banokulinganisela ngaphezu kweekhilogram ezingama-400 zesisindo somnatha. Igama li-grizzly, okanye igrey.

Ibhere eliBrown, ubukhulu becala kulo lonke ihlabathi libhekwa njengento ephawulekayo, lifumaneka kwintsimi yaseKamchatka naseAlaska. Kukho izidumbu ezilinganisela ngaphezu kweekhilogram ezingama-500. Imiba yokuzingela iibhere ezimdaka, mhlawumbi ifikelela kwi-1 ithoni, ichazwa! Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yesona sabelo, ezi zixhobo ezinzima zingadlulanga ii-kilogram ezingama-350 zesisindo somnxeba. Ubunzima obuninzi oburekhoweyo, umzekelo, webhetka yaseKamchatka yayingu-600 kilogram. Izilwanyana ezishiye eYurophu zincinci. Ubunzima bawo abugqithisi 90 kilogram.

Kubonakala

Ibhere eliBrown, ubungakanani esilucinga ngalo ngasentla, linomthi omeleleyo kunye nomthi onamandla onobunzima obuphezulu (ukuphakama emahlombe). Gcina lo mzimba omkhulu kunye neepaws eziphezulu ngegama elincinciweyo. Ubude beentloko zeli qhwa elinomsolo liphakathi ukusuka kuma-8 kuya ku-12 cm. Ezi zilwanyana azikho msila, kuba ubude bayo abugqithisi kunye no-21 cm.

Ubume bentloko yebhere elimnyama lujikeleze. Unobuncinane, amehlo oyimpumputhe kunye neendlebe ezincinci. Umbhobho - udibene, kunye nebunzi-phezulu. Umnini weRashiya waseRashiya uhlanganiswe neboyile enezintlu ezinobumba. Umbala weebhere ezibomvu, njengobungakanani bawo, ziyahluka. Konke kuxhomekeke kulezo okanye ezinye iindawo zokuhlala ezi zilwanyana. Ngokomzekelo, iibhere ze-grizzly ezikwaziwayo zinokuba nomdaka obunomthunzi wesiliva. Ngenxa yoko, ngendlela, bamthiya ngegrey.

Ukusasazwa

Njengoko kushiwo ngaphambili, iibhere zihlala kumahlathi. Masibuye siphinde sihlasele ukuba indawo ehlala kuyo, ngokomzekelo, eRashiya ngamaphecana ehlathi aqinile kunye neengca zengca, amahlathi kunye nezinkuni ezinzima. Ibhere leBrown, inkcazo emfutshane yintoni esiyiqwalasela ngayo kweli nqaku, ifumaneka kwimihlathi emibini kunye neenduli eziphakamileyo. EYurophu, ikhetha ihlathi leentaba, kwaye, umzekelo, eNyakatho Melika, inokufumaneka kwiindawo zokuhlala ezise-alpine, kwiindawo zehlathi zasogwini.

Kanye ngexesha lezi zilwanyana zahlala kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kuquka i-Ireland kunye ne-Great Britain, kwaye ngasezantsi kwehlabathi indawo yayo yayifikelela kwiintaba zase-satin zakwa-Afrika. Empuma, olu hlobo lwama-heavyweg shaggy lwasasazeka kulo lonke elaseSiberia naseChina kwiJapan. Iingcali zenzululwazi zikholelwa ukuba e-North America iibhere ezibomvu zavela e-Asia malunga namawaka amawaka ama-40 edlulileyo. Baqiniseke ukuba ezi zilwanyana zakwazi ukuzimela ngokuzimela kwiBering Isthmus, zihlala entshonalanga yeMelika ukusuka e-Alaska ukuya eMexico.

Iphupha lokubusika

Njengoko kuyaziwa, umlinganiselo wenyama webhebhe ebomvu yilezi zi lwanyana zilala ebusika. Bakwenza ngo-Oktobha-Disemba. Bahamba bevela e-hibernation entwasahlobo-ngo-Matshi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukulala kwasebusika kwezi zikhwebu ezinzima kunokuhlala kwiinyanga ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-6. Yonke into incike kwii-subspecies zebhere nakwizinto zangaphandle. Kuyinto enomdla ukuba kwimimandla efudumele yomhlaba wethu, ngaphandle kokuba kukho isivuno esikhulu seziqhamo, amajikijolo kunye namantongomane, iimbotyi azilaleli emgodini.

Ulungele ukulala

Ngobusika, iqela leenyawo liqala ukulungiselela ukususela phakathi kwehlobo. Ibhere elimnyama! Inkcazo yokulungiselela kwakhe umbhede, mhlawumbi, uyaziwa kubantu abaninzi, kuba akukho nto imfihlelo kwaye iyamangalisa kule nto. Kwiinyanga ezintandathu ngaphambi kokuqala kwimozulu ebanda, kufuneka bafumane indawo efanelekileyo yokuhlala indawo yokuhlala yasebusika, bayayixhobisa kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, banyuse zabo izitolo ezinamafutha angaphantsi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kuthwala izibonda ziphantsi kweemithi kunye ne vyvorotnyami, phantsi kweengcambu zemithi emikhulu kunye nemithi emikhulu - imisedare okanye iifire.

Ngamanye amaxesha abo baxhamlayo bayakhupha "i-dugouts" ngokuthe ngqo kwiindawo ezinxweme zomlambo. Ukuba ngelo xesha ibhere alizange lifumane indawo efihliweyo kwindawo yakhe yokuhlala yasebusika, uyaguba umgodi omkhulu, ngoko uqinise iindonga zayo kunye namasebe angqongqo. Ngaloo mabhontshisi afanayo azalisa umnyango wokungena, ngokukhawuleza ukuxubha kunye nokuzihlukanisa nabo kwilizwe langaphandle kwiinyanga eziliqela. Ngokukhawuleza ngaphambi kokulala, irhamncwa, eliqokelele inani elaneleyo lamathambo angaphantsi, idibanisa kakuhle indlela yakhe yokuhlala kufuphi nedon.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iindawo zokuhlala eziphathekayo kunye neendawo eziphathekayo ziindawo zokuhlala. Ukuba umhlambi unethamsanqa, uya kulala phantsi lonke ubusika emhlabathini. Iindonga ezinjalo ziphantsi ngaphantsi komhlaba kwaye zigcina i-toe-witted ekushiseni. Ephantse kumnyango wokuhlalisa umhlaba, unokufumana imithi eyahlukeneyo kunye nezihlahla ezigubungele i-hoefrost ye-hue yellow. Abazingeli abanolwazi bayazi ukuba lo mbala weqabunga uqhotyoshelwe kukuphefumula kwe-clubfoot.

IHibernation

Izilwanyana ezindala kwiimeko ezininzi zihamba ngemihla ebusika ebusika kwiindawo zazo zokulala ezilinye. Kuphela ibhere lingahlala lilele neebhere zebhere, kunyaka odlulileyo. Izazinzulu ezazibona ubomi balezi zilwane (jonga umfanekiso wesibhakabhaka esibomvu kunye nenkcazo yokuphila kwayo) yabona ukuba kwezinye iindawo zomhlaba apho iibhere azifanelekanga ukubanda ubusika, iimbotyi zisebenzisa enye indawo yokukhusela izikhathi eziliqela.

Kwezinye iindawo, iifolo kuzo zonke zinokuthi zifumaneke ngokusondelelana komnye nomnye, kuvela into enjenge-bearish "indlu yokuhlala". Ukuba ukhetho lwe "indawo zokubasa zasebusika" lubukhali kakhulu, iibhere ezinye ezingenangqondo zixhamla kumakhaya abantu. Umzekelo, umntu omdala onobhantshi obomvu unako, ngaphandle kwesohlwayo, ukugxotha umzalwana onobuthakathaka ovela kwindlu ehloniphekileyo.

Iibhere zeBrown zilele, zijikeleze. Imilenze yabo yezintindi baxinzeleleke kwisisu, kwaye phambili bahlanganiswe nge-muzzle. Ngokuqinisekileyo, yiyo le nto eyenza ukuba kukho iindinyana ezininzi kunye namazwi, njengokungathi iibhokhwe ziyancipha ebusika. Oku akunjalo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, i-cumsy, eqinisweni, inokukhahlela i-paws yayo yangaphambili ngezikhathi ezithile, ngeli xesha okanye kwisigaba sokulala, kodwa oku akunakwenzeka nantoni ngokusana.

Ngenyameko, intonga yokuxhuma!

Iingcali zenzululwazi zithi iphupha lebhebhe alikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi liqinile. Ngexesha elifutshane lexesha elifutshane, abo baxhamlayo bangavuswa baze bashiye iindawo zabo zokuhlala zasebusika okwethutyana. Ngeli xesha, ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kudlula ehlathini lasebusika, uguqe amathambo abo. Ngokukhawuleza ukuba ibuye iphinde ibuye, i-shaggy heavyweights iphinda ibuyele ekuphumeni kwayo, iqhube umkhondo wokuhlala kwabo ngaphandle kwedeni. Nangona kunjalo, imithwalo enjalo yebhere emhlophe ibonakala iintyatyambo!

Kwakhona kwenzeka ukuba ezinye iimbhere ngenxa yokungondleki ngexesha lekwindla-ebusika azikwazi ukufumana ubunzima obufunekayo, ukufumana nokuxhobisa ikhaya labo. Kule meko, abalala emgodini. Ngaphandle kokuba nexesha lokuqokelela izinto eziyimfuneko zokugcina ubumnandi busika obunqamle, iilwanyana zihamba nje ngehlathi elikhuniweyo, njengokuba kungenakunqandwa. Kubantu beli qabane elihlwempuzekileyo libizwa ngokuthi "iintonga". I-Bear-rod ziyingozi kakhulu kwaye inzima kakhulu! Ngeli xesha kungcono ukuba ungadli kunye nayo yonke into, kuba ithamncwa ilambile kakhulu, inqabile kakhulu kwaye ihlasele phantse yonke into ehambayo.

Ukuzaliswa

Iibhere ezibomvu zowesifazane zizisa imbewu 2 ukuya kwezi-4 ngonyaka. Ixesha lokuxuba lidla ngoMeyi, ngoJuni noJulayi. Ngeli xesha, abesilisa baziphatha ngobundlobongela: baqala ukubetha ngokukhawuleza, phakathi kwabo kukho ukulwa okukhulu, ngamanye amaxesha ukuphela kwesinye sezibhere. Ukukhulelwa kwabasetyhini kuqhuba ukusuka kwiintsuku ezingama-190 ukuya kwii-200. Ngexesha elinye banokukhupha ama-cubs ama-5 kunye nesisindo somzimba ukuya kuma-600 grams kunye nobude obude ukuya kuma-cmentimitha angama-23.

Inzala

Abancinci bazalwa beyimfama, benamavesi angama-acoustical angaphezulu kwaye bahlanganiswe ngeenwele ezimfutshane ezinqabileyo. Kwiiveki ezimbini kamva ii cubs ziqala ukuva, kwaye kwinyanga-ukubona. Kwiintsuku ezingama 90 kuphela emva kokuzalwa, zikhula zonke izinyo zobisi, kwaye ziqala ukutya amajikijolo, izityalo kunye nezinambuzane. Njengomthetho, iindoda zeebhere ezimnyama azibandakanyekanga kwinzala, ukuphakamisa izilwanyana ezincinci kukuxhomekeke kumabhinqa. Iibhokhwe ezivuthiwe ngokwesondo ziba neminyaka emithathu ubudala, kodwa zikhula ukuya kwiminyaka eyi-10.

Ibhere leBrown. IBlack Red Book

Ngelishwa, le ntlobo yeebhere iluhlu kwiBlack Book njengezilwanyana ezisengozini. Okwangoku, kwimimandla emininzi kunye nemimandla yehlabathi elizingela iibherela ezimdaka likhawulelwe okanye livalwe ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, akukho namnye oye waxhoxisa. I-hide's hide igxininiswa kakhulu kumaphephethi, kwaye inyama isetyenziselwa ukupheka. Lelo bhokhwe ebalulekileyo yezorhwebo - le bhere ebomvu! Incwadi ebomvu, apho le ntlobo yezilwanyana ezinkulu ezifakwe ngaphambili, ayizange iphinde iphetshwe ngeli xesha. Kungenzeka ukuba idatha kwinani leebhere njengale nyaka liya kutshintsha ngokugqithiseleyo.