PIC-isilawuli. Ujonggano lwenkqubo PIC-izilawuli. Schemes of PIC-izilawuli

Xa sisenza scheme, kufuneka ukuba umntu okanye into esweni ukuphunyezwa izenzo kuyimfuneko. Kuba indoda kakhulu yingxaki, njengoko kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa inani elikhulu lweziqalelo ezahlukeneyo ezivumela ukulawula umsebenzi wabo (transistors, resistors, thyristors, ode, capacitors, njalo njalo). Kodwa yonke wesekethe ezintsonkothileyo enkulu ungalawuleka nabaqondisi (MCU). Ukuba, umzekelo, ziza kuchazwa iintsapho RІS. Ngoko ke, yintoni na PIC-nabaqondisi for Dummies? Yintoni na icebo kwabo apho kusetyenziswa.

Yintoni na microcontroller thelela

PIC-isilawuli (okanye microcontroller) yi-matshini kuthetha ukwenza iintshukumo ezithile usebenzisa inkqubo elungiselelwe ngaphambili. Uphawu abameli intsontelo iimveliso kuba lula kweenkqubo kunye nokufumaneka yonke imisebenzi eyimfuneko ukuze isebenze. Echaza isakhiwo sayo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba kumafa waso akhazimlayo lesilicon enye kuphela (inkalo uphawu zonke microcontrollers). Ngaphandle kwalo, PIC-isilawuli kukho inani elithile imilenze. Ezinye zazo zingasetyenziswa njenge igalelo ubhalo njengoko iimveliso njengenxalenye, abanye babe isicelo mazwe. Imilenze isenokuba idijithali okanye analog.

Kuba uninzi umlawuli yomsebenzi RІS ufuna ombane ozinzileyo - 5V. Oku kwanele ukuze zisebenze kwimo yaso yesiqhelo kwaye enze inkqubo kusiwa phambi kwakhe. Ujonggano lwenkqubo PIC-isilawuli ngqo esuka kwikhompyutha akwenzeki. Ukulungiselela le njongo uhlelo.

usapho isilawuli

PIC-isilawuli ayikho ikopi enye. Umenzi velisa uluhlu enkulu microcontrollers, nganye eneyazo iimpawu zayo, izakhono kunye neethagethi ezinokwenzeka isicelo. iintsapho Inani ngokwabo kunokuba ezinkulu kuxhomekeke ifitsha hlula leyo ithathwa njengento emiselweyo. Ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba ukwazisa kuphela malunga ulwahlulohlulo ezingundoqo apho kukho iintsapho ezintathu kuphela 8-, 16- kunye bit-32. Ezi ke zahlulwe kwabanye, kodwa ngenxa mkhaya abawuthobeli umxholo wenqaku, into ngazo yaye akayi ukuqhuba ingxoxo.

apho kuyimfuneko

Ngenxa yokusebenza kwalo PIC-isilawuli enokusetyenziswa phantse naphi na. Sami microcontrollers ifumaneka iifriji, iTV, ukuhlamba oomatshini. Kodwa RІS uluhlu lweemveliso unalo osemqoka ukuba iisekethe kwi PIC-nabaqondisi ziyathandwa phakathi amateurs koonomathotholo kunye weerobhoti self-wafundisa. Ngoncedo lwabo, ungenza ngokulula ngokusesikweni isiza ukusebenza, okanye zonke izixhobo. Oku kunegalelo ukusetyenziswa kakhulu ngexabiso elifanelekileyo, lula iinkqubo kunye ebonakalayo imali ngezixhobo zokufundisa.

Faka PIC-isilawuli xa uyila iimoto kwi ulawulo kunomathotholo, iingalo zithwala kunye nezinye imizobo inokwenziwa, imali eyabiweyo. Ingasetyenziselwa okuthile - ezithandwa yi umxholo yokudala self-eyenziwe oomatshini abazisebenzelayo, nelawulwa yi-microcontroller. Le spectrum lokusetyenziswa ibanzi, kunye nendlela echanekileyo inokwenziwa phantse nayiphi na injongo, ngoko ke kwisiphaluka PIC-nabaqondisi kungabonwa nje kuphela kwi indalo engahlawulwayo.

Software ukwenzela ukuba isetyenziswe kunye PIC-isilawuli

I eyimfuneko software Ubuncinane - it uphawula. Kodwa ngenxa distribution free, ungasebenzisa wanyusa yi-software umenzi isixhobo MPLAB. Okunye ngqo, i-software line (bume yophuhliso, abacwangcisi) MPLAB. Ngenxa yomgaqo-nkqubo wenkampani, yena free, kodwa ezinye iintsilelo. Ngenxa yoko, le nguqulelo demo elifutshane ungazama onke amathuba, kodwa emva kokugqitywa ukusebenza kwayo le program iya kunqunyulwa. Le nkqubo egcwele isixhobo ebalulekileyo eyenza kube lula ukuyila iinkqubo, elula ukukhangela ezahlukeneyo kwiindawo ingxaki yokuziphatha ikhowudi noun. Kuxhomekeka kwinguqulelo ye msebenzi ipheliswe ikhowudi ifoun, okanye kunciphise inani nabaqondisi ukuba ixhaswa yile nkqubo. Ngenxa yenyaniso kufuneka kuthiwe ukuba inkampani igcina inkxaso kuphela abameli athandwa kakhulu.

Kukho intaphane isoftware inikwa zezinye iinkampani. Ngokubanzi, ukusebenza kwabo efanayo, kodwa kukho umahluko. Ngoko ke, abaninzi baye bavakalisa ukunganeliseki ukuba MPLAB na anganyaniseki ekuyilweni kumsebenzisi-wedwa. Ngoko ke, abenzi ezo ukubheja ekugcineni umsebenzi umda kunye ukusebenziseka software yabo. Inkqubo ye PIC-nabaqondisi zahlukahlukene kakhulu, ngoko apha ubukhulu becala into oyithandayo.

Ukudala inkqubo PIC-esisebenza

Ukudala inkqubo ekhethekileyo, ungasebenzisa i-software efanelekileyo, kwaye nkqu kwincwadi elula. Oku Bulelani kunokwenzeka yokuba esebenza kunye ngeelwimi iinkqubo ezifana Assembler kunye C. Umahluko ephambili ilele inani ulwazi emiselweyo kunye lula imisebenzi data. Uyakwazi ukuva okuninzi malunga ukuntsonkotha C, kodwa ibandla nzima ngakumbi kwaye kufuna indlela ngenyameko.

Ngokomzekelo, xa kudalwa inkqubo, kufuneka ukhankanye apho isilawuli yona. Kusenokuba yimfuneko ukwenza iqela leenketho, kodwa kufuneka yenziwe phambi amava omsebenzi okanye ukuzithemba, ngenxa yokuba iimpazamo kungakhokelela ekubeni microcontrollers eqhelekileyo ibe ziingceba eplastiki kunye nesinyithi.

Lwenkqubo ne iinkqubo

Kodwa njani ukudlulisela inkqubo yaphuhlisa kwi microcontroller ngokwawo? njani na iinkqubo microcontroller? Ukulungiselela le njongo, kukho izixhobo ezikhethekileyo - badwelisi benkqubo. Bathumela maza ukuba microcontroller eziphazamisa iiseli kwimemori phantsi program. Ukuqala inkqubo zokutshintshelwa idata ofuna ukufaka chip zokuhlela, kwaye, yena, uqhagamshele kwikhompyutha. Emva koko, usebenzisa isoftwe kufuneka usebenzise i firmware. Ngokuqhelekileyo lwenkqubo PIC-nabaqondisi isusela seconds mathathu ukuya imizuzu emibini.

forms program

Yeyiphi umdwelisi nkqubo ukukhetha ukurekhoda inkqubo phezu microcontroller? Kungenziwa kalukhuni zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezintathu: okuzithandelayo, xa umenzi-mveliso kwezinye iinkampani. Ukusetyenziswa ngamnye kubo uneempawu zawo.

Ngoko ke, lo badwelisi benkqubo okuzithandelayo sibaphatha sitshiphu. Kodwa ukusebenzisa kwabo igcwele yokuba ngokulula idivayisi isiziba ngeplastiki kunye nesinyithi. Kwaye microcontroller senkqubo unakho kwiimeko ezinjalo ukusebenzisa nesohlwayo eluhlobo ukhatywa ngumbane, ngoko umele unamathele ukhuseleko. Ukongeza, ukuba uzenza ukusuka ekuqaleni, oko kudla imveliso kunye amathuba yelinganiselweyo kakhulu ngokuphathelele kwisibonelelo utshintsho umsebenzi. Kodwa uthungelwano lwehlabathi, unako ukufumana inani elikhulu isisombululo kule ngxaki esiphakanyiswa abanye abantu, kwaye mhlawumbi akayi akunike ingxaki.

Uhlelo original kumenzi uya kukwazi ngokomgangatho ukwenza umsebenzi wabo nayiphi microcontroller. Kuyo kukho siqinisekiso, yaye ukuba emva kokufumana ayikasebenzi, endaweni kungabikho ngxaki. Kodwa kule nkqubo yezinto, xa firmware PIC-nabaqondisi ithwalwa phandle iingxaki.

Kodwa kusuka ekufunyanweni walo ixabiso ngokwanelisayo phezulu.

Program ekhutshwe nezinye iinkampani, abe uluhlu olubanzi ngokufanelekileyo izinto ezisebenza. osemqoka sabo ngexabiso eliphantsi kunye / okanye ithuba lokuba ukusebenza nabanye microcontrollers ukongeza PIC. Kukho kwakhona "kwanezilo" jikelele ngokwenene ezinokunika iindidi ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzi, kodwa ngenxa yokuba imfuneko yokuba kukho inani elikhulu iikhompawundi exabiso yabo engenzekiyo.

features wesakhiwo

Kwaye ekugqibeleni, amagama ambalwa malunga umfanekiso iipateni. Kufuneka ajolise imilenze ngokusekelwe amaxwebhu axhasayo, njengoko ngokwalo microcontrollers zikholisa ukwahlukana izigqibo draw elililo. Eyona nto iphambili kwiimeko ezinjalo izigqibo ziyasayinwa, kwaye kubo yaye kufuneka isetyenziselwe icebo.