I-MRI yengqondo: njani inqubo? Indlela yokulungiselela iMRI yengqondo?

Iyeza zanamhlanje, nokuba zifaniswa neminyaka embalwa ngaphambili, zahamba phambili. Kukho iindlela ezintsha zokuxilonga ezikuvumela ukuba ukhawuleze kwaye ucinge ngokuchanekileyo. Enye injalo i-MRI. Ukunika ukuxilongwa okunjalo kwiimeko ezininzi zezilwanyana kunye neemeko, ngokukodwa xa uxoliswa kwizifo zengqondo. Yiyiphi iMRI yengqondo, indlela inkqubo ehamba ngayo kwaye nokuba kuyimfuneko ukuyilungiselela, siya kuqwalasela kweli nqaku.

Yintoni i-MRI?

I-MRI yindlela entsha yokuphanda, ekwazi ukuqonda utshintsho oluthile kwisakhiwo seemviwo ezihlolwe, ukubonakalisa kuphela ukukhubazeka kwisakhiwo, kodwa ukuchonga nasiphi na isifo ekuqaleni kwenkqubo yophuhliso.

Inqubo ye-MRI yenziwa ngokusekelwe kumsebenzi wamagnet, eyona nxalenye ephambili yesoxhobo zokuskena. Ukusebenza kwesi sixhobo kusekelwe kwinto ebonakalayo ebizwa ngokuthi i-magnetic resonance. Naliphi na into efundwayo ehlukileyo kwisakhiwo sayo, eqinisekisa ukuba kwamkelwa izibonakaliso ngenxa ye-resonance yamagnetic.

Ubukhulu bempawu ezingenayo luphawu oluthile lokuhlalutya kolwazi olufunyenweyo ngenxa yeskripthi. Icandelo ngalinye lebhunga elingaphantsi kophando lithetha intsingiselo yalo, ebonisa ukuphindaphinda kwe-nuclear magnetic resonance. Ikwaguqulwa kwakhona ibe yinkomfa yekhompyutri elungisa amacandelwana ahlukeneyo kweso sakhiwo phantsi kwesifundo.

Ukusebenza kwesi sixhobo kusekelwe kwisenzo samagnetic, esingasongela impilo yabantu. Indlela entsha ichaza ukuba ufumane ngokuskena imifanekiso emininzi kwimilinganiselo eyahlukileyo. Yonke imifanekiso enezinga eliphezulu lokusombulula ichanekileyo kwi-media media. Emva kokuvavanya ngokucophelela, ugqirha unikeza uluvo.

Iyiphi inkqubo ye-MRI yengqondo eboniswayo?

Ugqirha oya kuthi uya kuthumela isigulane kwi- MRI inkqubo yengqondo xa kukho ukusola ukugula okanye ukuvela kwesi sifo ngokwaso. I-MRI iyakwazi ukufumana izi zifo ezilandelayo:

• Stroke.
• Hydrocephalus.
• Ukungalunganga kobuchopho bentliziyo.
• I-cyst.
• Iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho.
• Ubunzima bokusasazeka kwengqondo.
• Ukuxhamla.
• Multiple sclerosis.
• Izifo zengqondo.
• Ukuhlaselwa kwegazi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho.
• Aneurysm.
• Umqobo wokuvalwa.
• Thrombosis.
• Izifo zamehlo kunye nesigqeba sokuva.

Iingcali zizithumela isigulane kwi-MRI ukuba kufuneke ukuba zibone ukungaqhelekanga kwingqondo edala ukudideka okanye iingxaki zememori.

Ukulungiselela inkqubo

Cinga iMRI yengqondo. Inqubo isebenza njani? Okokuqala, kufuneka ufumane ukuba ufuna ukulungiselela isifundo. Njengomthetho, akudingeki ukuba uqhube imicimbi ekhethekileyo, into ephambili kukugcina imithetho ethile:

• Susa zonke izinto zetsimbi, umzekelo, i-barrettes, amacici, amaketanga, amakhadi amashishini, kuba anokuchaphazela umgangatho wemifanekiso.
• Ukuba umzimba unemizila, i-radiologist kufuneka ilukise malunga nayo.
• Ngaphambi kwenkqubo, akufanele ukhansele ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza, oku akuchaphazeli ukusebenza kweso sifundo.
• Ukuba ubuza ukuba i-MRI yobuchopho yenza ntoni ngokuchaseneyo, ugqirha uya ku lumkisa ukuba ngaphambi kokuba inkqubo yokugqibela isidlo ingekho ngaphezu kweeyure ezingama-6. Oku kufuneka kulandelwe ukuba i-anesthesia iyadingeka.
• Ukuya kwinkqubo, akuyimfuneko ukuthatha utywala ngenkuthazo. Utywala lunomphumo obalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zokuxilisa kwiingqondo, ngoko ke iziphumo zingenakuthenjwa ngokupheleleyo.

Ngubani ongavunyelwe ukungena kwindawo yokukhangela?

Ukuba kukho ukufakelwa kwesinyithi emzimbeni, ngoko inkqubo ayivumelekanga, ngaphandle kwezinye iimeko:

• Xa isigulane sine-pacemaker okanye i-defibrillator.
• Ngeempembelelo zendlebe.
• Ekubeni bezinye iintlobo zengcingo yentsimbi kwiinqanawa.
• Ukhahlela nge-aneurysm.

Qinisekisa ukwazisa iteknoloji malunga nokufumaneka kweekhompyutha okanye ezinye izixhobo zonyango. Ezinye zezi zinto zingabangela ingozi ngexesha lokufunda. Ezi zixhobo ziquka:

• Iinjenge zentliziyo zintsimbi.
• Amalungu e-prosthesis.
• Abagqugquzeli bemisipha.
• Izigulana zokupanda, iiplate, izikhonkwane.

Izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ezisetyenzisweni zamathambo aziqhelekanga ingozi, kodwa ukuba i-prosthesis yanikelwa ngoku kutshanje, kuyafaneleka ukuxelela ugqirha malunga nalo. Uya kukuxelela indlela yokwenza i- MRI yengqondo kubantu abadala.

Inqubo isebenza njani?

Esi sifundo singabelwa izigulane kunye nezigulane. Ukongeza, unokufumana ukuhanjiswa kwirejista yakho yangaphakathi kwi-MRI yengqondo, njengoko inkqubo ihamba, uya kuchaza. Emva kokuba isiguli siwele umda we-scan area, ulindele oku kulandelayo:

1. Isigulane siya kucelwa ukuba silale phantsi kwithebula lokuskena. Ngethuba le nkqubo kubalulekile ukuba uhlale uhleli, ngoko ungamangaliswa ukuba ugqirha usebenzisa amabhande okanye i-rollers.
2. Ingqungquthela efundwayo yomzimba yinkomfa kunye nezixhobo ezithumelayo kwaye zithole amaza omsakazo.
3. I-MRI yengqondo njengoko iqhutywe? Isithombiso esingezantsi sibonisa. Isixhobo sisekujikelezweni kwentloko. Ugqirha uya kukuxwayisa ukuba kufuneka ulale.
4. Kwabanye, akucaci indlela yokwenza i-MRI yengqondo ngokwahlukileyo. Kodwa akukho nto ilukhuni, ngaphambi nje kokufunda, umongikazi uza kufaka i-dropper kwimvini ukuzisa isilwanyana esikhethekileyo.
5. Emva kwamalungiselelo onke, isigulane siya kwintliziyo yofakelo, apho umbane ukhona khona.
6. Ugqirha kunye nomongikazi bephuma kwigumbi kwaye inkqubo yokuskena iqala.
7. Emva kokugqiba isifundo, i-radiologist izakujonga umgangatho womfanekiso, kwezinye iimeko, i-scan engaphezulu ingafuneka.
8. Ukuba isetyenzisiwe sisetyenzisiwe, i-dropper isuswe kwaye isiguli singashiya indawo yokukhangela.

Ubude benkqubo

Ukuba i-MRI yengqondo imiselwe, njengoko inkqubo yexesha ihamba, isiguli sihlala sinomdla, ingakumbi ukuba kukho ukwesaba kwendawo edibeneyo. Ubungakanani boluhlolo luya kuxhomekeka kwiinjongo ugqirha ebhekene nazo, kwakunye nendlela yokukhangela.

Xa ukubonakala kwimilo yengqondo kuqhutyelwa kwimodi eqhelekileyo, kwanele imizuzu engama-45. Uphononongo usebenzisa umgangatho wokuphambana uya kuhlala ixesha elide elide.

Ngoku kukho i-tomographs yesizukulwana esandula, kwaye inkqubo (njengeMRI yobuchopho, ifoto ibonisa) iya kuba yohlukile, ayifuni ngaphezu kwemizuzu eyi-15. Ezi zikwazi ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zanamhlanje.

Inkqubo yeMRI

Emva kokubeka isigulane kwitheyibhile yokukhupha kunye nokwenza onke amalungiselelo okulungiselela, inkqubo yokukhangela iqala. Ukuze ufumane imifanekiso ecacileyo, into ebalulekileyo kukuba uhlale unganyamekiyo lonke ixesha. Ngamanye amaxesha kunzima kumntu omdala ngokunjalo, kunye nokokuthetha ngabantwana abancinci. Ngoko ke, abazali kufuneka bazi indlela yokwenza i-MRI yengqondo kubantwana abangaphantsi kwe-anesthesia.

Ngexesha le nkqubo, ifowuni inokwenza ingxolo kunye ne-buzz encane, enokubangela izigulane ezithile. Zonke iinguqu zixutyushwa ngaphambi kokuqala kohlolisiso, ngoko akudingeki wenze kwakhona iMRI yengqondo. Injani inkqubo, ichaza umongikazi okanye ugqirha. Ukuba kukho isidingo, kuya kufuneka wenze i-anesthesia. Ngokuqhelekileyo isibonakaliso kuso asikho kuphela kubantwana beminyaka, kodwa nakwiimeko ezilandelayo:

• Ukuhlaselwa kweentlanzi.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo.
• Ukugxininisa ekuziphatheni okubi.
• Intlungu ebangela ukuba isiguli singasalali.

Inkqubo yokutyikitya iya kuthatha ixesha, kodwa kanyekanye kwigumbi elilandelayo ugqirha uyagcina inkqubo kwaye ahlalutye imifanekiso ephumela. I-radiologist izakugqiba iziphumo kwaye uthumele isigulane kumgqirha unyango naye.

Ukujonga ngexesha le-MRI yengqondo

Injani inkqubo, ifoto ibonisa, kodwa yintoni imizwa yezigulane? Kwabaninzi abantu, isifundo sidlula ngokugqithiseleyo, kodwa kukho nabo baqaphele ukungathandeki okanye ukwesaba kwendawo edibeneyo.

Ngamanye amaxesha, xa wenza iskena, ubushushu buya kuziva, ukuba le nto iqala ukuxhalabisa kakhulu, kuyafaneleka ukuxelela ugqirha. Into ephambili kukuba uhlale uhleli, ukuze umfanekiso ungaphambuki. Ezinye iintlobo zophando zidinga ukuphefumula ngethuba elifutshane, ungesabi. Isigulane, ngelixa ekhamera, sinokuvakalelwa kukuba umfanekiso wenziwe, ifowuni yenza isandi sokucofa.

Ngethuba le nkqubo, isigulane egumbini yedwa, kodwa unethuba lokuthetha kunye ne-teknoloji ngokusebenzisa ukuxhumana ezimbini. Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha unokuvumela ukuba uhlale kwindawo yokukhangela kubazali ukuba inkqubo iya kwenziwa ngumntwana. Ukunciphisa isandi esivela kwisixhobo, unokucela iimplugs.

Ngaphakathi kweso sixhobo sikhanyiswa kwaye siphume umoya, ngoko ubumnyama obupheleleyo kunye nokungena kwemoya akukho mngcipheko. Ezinye iiskrini zixhotyiswe ngomculo, zihlala zilala zingenasiphako kwaye zizonwabe.

Ukuba isifundo senziwa ngokusebenzisa umgangatho ohlukileyo, ngoko ngexesha lokusungulwa kwalo unokuziva:

• Ukuvakalelwa kwegazi, kodwa ngemizuzu embalwa yonke into iyinto evamile.
• Isihlunu.
• Ubuhlungu kwisayithi yokujova.
• Abanye banokuphuhliswa kwempembelelo kwizinto ezisetyenziswayo ngendlela ye-pruritus okanye i-urticaria. Kubalulekile ukuxelela ugqirha, kwaye amanyathelo afanelekileyo aya kuthathwa ngokukhawuleza.

Ziziphi iimpawu ze-MRI kubantwana?

Ukuba isifundo esinjalo siyimfuneko kwiintsana, sebenzisa ii-incubators zamagnetocompatible. Ukufumana umntwana kweso sixhobo akusongela ingxaki kwimpilo yakhe. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-tomograph ne-voltage ye-1.5 Tesla yenza kube lula ukufumana imifanekiso ephezulu, ebalulekileyo ekumiseni ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo.

Umntwana unikezelwa inkqubo kule miqathango ilandelayo:

• Ukufumanisa ukuphulwa kwimizimba yengqondo.
• Ukufumana izilonda.
• Ukwamkelwa kwezidumbu.
• Ukufundwa kweenqwelo ze-cerebral.
• Ukuba ufuna ukufunda isimo se-ventricles kunye nezono zengqondo.

Amalungu amaninzi omzimba womntwana anokuhlolwa kwi-tomograph evulekile, eyenza inkqubo yomntwana ikhululeke ngakumbi. Kodwa i-MRI yengqondo iqhutyelwa kuphela kwizixhobo ezivaliweyo, ngoko kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa indawo echanekileyo.

Inkqubo yabantwana

Ukuba umntwana uyayiqonda yonke inkalo yenkqubo kwaye akayiki, ke ubeka efetheni lokukhupha kwaye uthunyelwe kwikhamera yefowuni yokuskena. Ngaphambili zachazwa kwaye zibonisa indlela yokwenza i-MRI yengqondo, ifoto. Kwaye kuthatha ixesha elingakanani, sele sele kuthethiwe. Kwiintsana le nkqubo inokuthatha ukusuka kumashumi amathathu ukuya ku-45 imizuzu.

Kungenakwenzeka ukuba umntwana aphelelwe amandla, ngoko-ke i-anesthesia ingadingeka. Emva kwenkqubo, umntwana uhlala phantsi koqwalaselo ade aphume ngokupheleleyo. Abazali akufanele bakhathazeke, abantwana basebenzisa iziyobisi ezikhuselekileyo ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba ufuna ukusetyenziswa kwesi sidakamizwa ukuphucula umgangatho womfanekiso, ugqirha uya kuchaza indlela yokwenza i-MRI yengqondo ngokuchasene nabantwana. Into eyona nto kukuba umntwana akanakho ukuphendula ngokuthe ngqo kwizinto ezisetyenziswayo.

Abazali bafanele baqonde ukuba i-MRI iyona ndlela ichanekileyo yenkqubo yophando, kwaye ukuchaneka kokuxilongwa kuthatha indima enkulu kwonyango lomntwana, ngoko ungesabi le nkqubo.

Inzuzo yeMRI

Olu phofu alona ndlela kuphela evumela ukuba ufake i-diagnostic eyi-100%. Unamathuba amaninzi:

1. Akukho ukuchasana kumbane.
2. Njengomphumo wokuskena, imifanekiso ecacileyo ifumaneka.
3. Le ndlela ivumela ukufumanisa i-pathologies ezingabonakaliyo kwezinye iincwadi.
4. Ukuqhathaniswa kwezinto ezinqabileyo kubangelwa ukuba kuthinteke ukuphazamiseka, ngokuchaseneyo nezo zisetyenziswa kwi-radiography.
5. Uphononongo luvumela ukuchonga ukubetha kwinqanaba lokuqala, elinika iingenelo ezinkulu ekukhetheni indlela yokonyango.

Isiphelo

Nasiphi na isifo kulula kakhulu ukunyanga xa kufunyenwe kwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso. Phakathi kweendlela ezininzi zokuxilonga, kungekhona wonke umntu onokuziqhayisa ngokukhuseleko kunye nomgangatho njengoMRI. Ungesabi yinkqubo, ngaphambi kokutyelela indawo yokukhangela, ugqirha uya kuchaza ngokucacileyo indlela inkqubo eyenziwa ngayo kunye nesigulane esinokuziva ngayo. Isigulane sifuna ukulala nje imizuzu engama-40, kodwa kumntu omdala, ngaba le nto ingxaki? Ukuchongwa ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye kwangexesha elifanelekileyo - esi siqingatha impumelelo kwindlela yokubuyisela.