I-Lymphogranulomatosis ngumhlaza okanye akunjalo? Isifo sikaHodgkin - isifo esibi seesifo se-lymphoid: iimpawu, unyango, ukuxilongwa, ukuchazwa

Yintoni eyenzekayo emzimbeni ukuba ukuxilongwa kwe-lymphogranulomatosis kuyafunyanwa? Kwi-lymph nodes kukhona "iiseli ezikhuselayo", oko kukuthi, i-lymphocytes. Ukuba umntu ugula ngenxa yesi sifo, inani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi liyakhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye i-lymph nodes entanyeni kunye nendawo ye-underarm iyakwandisa umthamo.

I-Medic (pathologist) yemvelaphi yaseBritani uThomas Hodgkin wayengowokuqala ukuchaza lesi sifo. Ngoku kuthiwa yi-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Yintoni esi sifo? Ziyintoni ukuhlengahlengiswa kokusinda, kwaye le ngxaki iphathwa njani?

Isici esahlukileyo sesifo sikaHodgkin bubuninzi bee-reed-Sternberg iiseli. Ubukho beeseli zesifo sibonisa ukuba ngumhlaza, kodwa ngaba isifo sifana nomdlavuza kwindlela yokujonga ngonyango?

Lymphoma yaseHodgkin. Uhluke kwezinye i-lymphomas

I-lymphomas ikhula kakubi kwimizimba ye- lymphoid. I-Lymphogranulomatosis, okanye isifo sikaHodgkin, luhlobo lwe-lymphoma. Ukuba iisetyholo zentsholongwane zifunyenwe kuhlalutyo, ngoko-ke i-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma ifumaneka.

Amanani amanqanaba atyuka ngokukhawuleza kwaye ayabonakala ngaphezulu nangaphezulu. Ukuxilongwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kufuneka uqhagamshelane ne-oncologist ngexesha.

Lymphogranulomatosis. Ngaba ngumhlaza okanye akunjalo?

I-Lymphogranulomatosis ngokungangabazeki isifo esibi kakhulu. Kubizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza wesifo se-lymphoid yonke indawo. Kodwa, enyanisweni, i-lymphogranulomatosis - ingumhlaza okanye akunjalo? Eziphene kunye neklinikhi, i-lymphoma enjalo ihluke kwezinye iimeko ukusuka kumhlaza wamanje.

Ziziphi iintlukwano?

• Isiguliso sokunyanga kwesifo sikaHodgkin siyamkeleka. Ukuba i-pathology ifunyenwe kwinqanaba 1, kwaye akukho zifo ezithintekayo, kwaye i-lymphoma iphilisa.
• Akukho sikhumba esikulo ndawo esichaza umdlavuza.
• Iiseli zeCancer "zidla" iiseli eziphilileyo. Oku akusiyo i-lymphogranulomatosis.
• I-Cancer iqala ngokuguqulwa kweeseli zamathambo axhumeneyo. Nge-lymphoma, ukuphuhliswa kwezicubu zendalo ezahlukeneyo (i-lymphoid tissue) kuphazamiseka.

Nangona kunjalo, njengomdlavuza, isifo sikaHodgkin siholela ekufeni ngokungabikho unyango. I-Lymphoma isasazeka emzimbeni kwaye ingakhokelela ekunqothulweni kwezinye izitho. Kwizigaba 3 no-4, i-tumor isele ikhulu kwaye zonke i-lymph nodes emzimbeni zichaphazelekayo: phantsi kweengalo, kwisifuba, kwi-groin. Kwaye unyango lubuye lucetyiswe.

Lymphogranulomatosis. Izizathu

Kukho iingcamango ezininzi ezichaza ukuphuhliswa kwe-lymphoma ngokubanzi kunye ne-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Sekunjalo, akukho mfanekiso ochanekileyo wezizathu kunye nemiphumo yokuphuhlisa i-lymphogranulomatosis kwenzululwazi yezokwelapha. Nangona zonke i-oncologists zibhekisela kwi-genetic predisposition to this disease. Nangona kunjalo, indlela "yokuqaliswa" ayiyaziwayo.

Into ephambili ekhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwesi sifo, noko ke, yi-virus ye-Epstein-Barr, leyo, ngokutsho kweenani-manani, efumaneka kwizigulane ezininzi. Nangona kunokwenzeka ukuba ezi ngxaki zizenzekelayo okanye i-mononucleosis. Abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba isifo sikaHodgkin (i-lymphogranulomatosis) sichaphazela kakhulu abantu kunye nezinto eziyingozi kunye nezolimo ezimbi.

Ukuze ufunde le ngxaki, usadingeka uchithe ixesha elininzi kunye nabaphandi, kodwa abaphengululi banokugqithisa unyango.

Iimpawu ze-lymphogranulomatosis

Ukuchonga isifo sikaHodgkin (lymphogranulomatosis) ngaphandle kokuba uphando alukwazi. Kodwa kufuneka uqaphele kwaye ujonge imiqondiso yesifo.

Iimpawu zilandelayo:

1. Ngaphandle kwezizathu ezikhethekileyo (akukho sulelo, akukho bushushu), i-lymph node zanda. Xa i-palpation ayibangeli intlungu.
2. Ukuphefumla okufutshane ngenxa yokusasazeka kwesi sifo kwi-mediastinum. I-lymph node width in the thoracic region zifake imiphunga.
3. Ubungqina obuqinileyo busuku.
4. Ukulahleka kokuncipha. Umntu "uyalala" phambi kwamehlo.
5. Kukho intlungu kwisisu.
6. Ezinye izigulane (30-35%) zikhalaza ngokugquma okukhulu kwesikhumba.
7. Ubuthathaka kunye nobushushu. Ngokuqhelekileyo kufika ku-38 ⁰ С.
8. Xa i-spleen iyanda ngobukhulu kunye nexesha, isigulane sinomuva kakhulu kwi-hypochondrium ngakwesobunxele.

Izigulane ngokuqhelekileyo azikhathaleli ukuba isifo sabo sichazwa njani, kodwa baxhalabele ngesantya sokusinda. Umbuzo wokuba ingaba i-lymphogranulomatosis ngumhlaza okanye ayikho, yinto eninzi yonyango. Abantu abangaxhunyiwe kunye neyeza, kubalulekile ukwazi iziganeko eziphambili ze-lymphogranulomatosis kwaye uyaqonda ukuba isifo sisinzulu kwaye singakhokelela ekufeni.

Ziyafana njani neHodgkin's lymphoma?

I-Lymphoma yaseHodgkin-yintoni esi sifo? Kuphuhliswa njani kunye nendlela esasazeka ngayo kwihlabathi? Ngokutsho kophando, abantu beentambo ezimhlophe banomdla kakhulu we-lymphoma kuneNegroid.

I-lymphoma enjalo itholakala kunyaka kubantu aba-3 kwizigidi ezi-1. Phakathi kwezinye i-lymphomas, i-Hodgkin ivela kwi-15% yamatyala. Ifomu enobungozi kakhulu ithathwa njengento yokunciphisa i-lymphoid.

Ngaphambili, nakwii-US, apho unyango luye lwaphuhliswa, abantu abangaphezu kwe-1,100 bafa ngamnye ngonyaka ukusuka kwisifo sikaHodgkin. Kodwa emva kowe-1975, inani laqala ukutshintsha, oogqirha bafunda ukulwa ne-lymphoma kunye nemiphumo yayo.

Iqela leengozi

Iqela elijongene nobungozi liquka inani labantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 kunye nabantu abatsha abaneminyaka eyi-16-20. Abantwana abaneminyaka engaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-18 ubudala - eli qela liba ngama-5% ewonke inani lezigulane. Kwaye ngabantu abangama-150 ngonyaka. Ezi nkcukacha zibonelelwa ngamanani ophando baseJamani. Kukho uluvo lokuba iqela elijongene nobungozi libandakanya iindidi ezinjalo zoluntu:

• Abafazi abakhulelwe emva kweminyaka engama-30;
• Abantu bavezwe kwimizila emisebe ye-ultraviolet ende;
• Abantu abadala;
• Ukuba neengxaki zokuxiliswa komzimba.

Nangona kunjalo, emva kokuba unyango olunzulu, abantu baphila ngokupheleleyo, okanye ukuxolelwa kuhlala ixesha elide ukuba i-lymphoma ifunyenwe ngexesha elide. Umntu obalaseleyo kufuneka abe ngumntu osemngciphekweni kwaye unokufumana uxilongwe "lymphogranulomatosis"; Iimpawu, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kunye ne-X-ray - konke oku kufuneka kuhlolwe rhoqo, qaphela kwaye ubukele imeko yakho.

Iingxaki

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokujamelana nesigulane? Kuyaziwa ukuba i-lymphoma isasazeka kwii-lymph node kwaye iyaphazamisa umsebenzi wezitho ezininzi. Umsebenzi wesibindi uphazamiseka, i-spleen, i-thymus iyanda kakhulu.

Ingqondo ibonakele. Kodwa zeziphi izifo ezinokuqhubeka zihamba ne-lymphoma?

• Isifo seNifrotic;
• Iingxaki ze-neurological;
• I-jaundice yamaphakathi;
• I-lymphatic drainage;
• Ukungena kwamathumbu emathunjini;
• Usulelo;
• Ukulwa nefungi ngokumelene nesistim somzimba sokukhubazeka.

Esi sifo siyingozi kakhulu kubafazi abakhulelweyo. Ngokumalunga namadoda, emva kwekhondo eliphambili lokunyanga kwesi sifo, abacetyiswa ukuba babe nabantwana iminyaka eli-1.

Diagnostics

Ukuchaneka njani ukuxilonga? I-Lymphogranulomatosis ayinqunywanga kuphela yimpawu zangaphandle. Kubalulekile ukuba oogqirha bachonge isigaba sesifo kunye nohlobo lwe-lymphoma. Ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo ifomu, kufuneka uqhube iimvavanyo ezininzi.

Enyanisweni, ugqirha onolwazi akaphosi, uya kwaziswa ukuba isigulane sine-lymphogranulomatosis, iimpawu. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kusebalulekile, kwakhona. Ukongezelela ekuhlolweni kwegazi, le nkqubo ilandelwayo:

• MRI.
• Biopsy.
• Kwimiqathango engama-4 kucetyiswa ukuqhuba i-trepanobiopsy.
• Kufuneka ukuba uzive ngathi i-lymph nodes entanyeni kunye ne-clavicles. Ukuba kukho i-lymphoma, iya kwandiswa. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaqhelekanga bangabandezeleka.
• I-X-ray ikuvumela ukuba ubone ukunyuka kwama-lymph nodes kummandla we-mediastinum. Oku kuyimpawu ekhethekileyo ye-lymphoma.

I-lymph nodes ezandisiweyo zinyusa imithanjeni kunye nemithambo yegazi, ngenxa yoko, izigulane ezininzi zibonakalisa ukuvuza. Kufuneka ukuba ufunde i-metabolism. Isikhumba, kunye nokuphefumula okufutshane kunye namaqhina amakhulu aphethwe phantsi kweemvula - konke oku kungabonakali ngokucacileyo lymphogranulomatosis.

Ukuxilongwa kufuneka kusekelwe kwiinkcukacha ezivela kwi-biopsy kunye nokuhlolwa kwegazi lomguli. Uvavanyo lwegazi lwezinto eziphilayo lubonisa amanqanaba aphakamileyo ye-bilirubin, i-enzyme yesibindi, i-globulins. Isigulane siza kufumana i-anemia kunye ne-thrombocytopenia kwizigaba ezilandelayo.

Iingxelo

Kodwa iHymgkin's lymphoma ngumhlaza olula ukuwuphatha. Ngaphezulu kwama-95% wezigulane ezithatha ikhosi efunekayo yokuxilisa. Kwaye oku kwenza izigulane zibe nomoya ontle. Emva koko, akukho nto yokuphelelwa yithemba ukuba le lymphoma ifunyenwe.

Isalathiso esibi kunazo zonke sifumaneka njenge-lymphoid. Ngolu hlobo lokuxilonga, kukho iindili ezininzi ezinama-atypical kunye neethambo ezininzi. Ukuchonga ukuchithwa kwe-lymphoid kunokwenzeka kuphela ngoncedo lwe-biopsy, ekubeni isifundo sakhe sengqondo asibalulekanga. Kodwa le fomu ifumaneka kwi-5% kuphela yezigulane ezine-lymphogranulomatosis.

Eyathandekayo yi-lymphogranulomatosis, ukunyanzeliswa kokusasazeka kweyona nto iphezulu. Ukuxeliswa okunjalo kunikwa xa i-lymphogranulomatosis ifumaneka kwimeko elula-kunye ne-predominance of lymphocytes. Kule meko, eso sifo siphume ngaphandle kwe-sclerosing, necrosis kwaye siyaphathwa ngokukhawuleza.

Iifom zeZifo zeHodgkin

Ukucacisa uhlobo lwesifo, kubalulekile ukwenza uhlalutyo olunzulu lobunjwa begazi. Kukho iindlela ezininzi ze-lymphogranulomatosis. Iiseli zeentlobo zeentlobo zeentlobo ze-pathological are the substrate of the tumor, kwaye ukuba zifunyanwe, isifo sikaHodgkin sagqitywe malunga ne-100%.

Ngoko, iifom ziyahlula oku:

1) Ifom yeklasi. Iquka ezi zilandelayo:

• Ifom
• I-Mixed-cell;
• Ngenani elincinci le-lymphocytes (i-lymphoid deletion).

2) Ifom ye-lymphogranulomatosis, eyakhiwe kakhulu nge-lymphocytes.

Kuxhomekeke kwiyiphi i-lymphogranulomatosis, ugqirha uya kuceba unyango kwaye aqikelele. Ifomu eyingozi kakhulu inenani elincinci le-lymphocytes.

Izigaba zesifo

Ngokuphathelele izigaba ze-lymphogranulomatosis, izigaba ezine zivelele, njengomdlavuza. Kwakhona umbuzo uphakama: "Lymphogranulomatosis - ngumhlaza okanye awuyi?". Ngokomgaqo, phantse umdlavuza weethambo ze-lymphoid, kwaye oogqirha abaninzi bawutyeshela ukungafani.

Yintoni i-lymphogranulomatosis? Izigaba zilandelayo:

1. Isigaba sendawo, xa iqela elinye leendawo zanda (okanye amaqela amabini).
2. Imimandla-yee-lymph nodes ezininzi zibandakanyeka phambi kwesithintelo.
3. Izizukulwana eziqhelekileyo zixhatshazwe kumacala omabini we-diaphragm.
4. Sasazwa. Isigaba sokugqibela nesinzima, xa ezinye izitho kunye neenkqubo zibandakanyeka kwinkqubo ye-pathological: i-pleen, isibindi.

Isigaba se-lymphoma senziwa emva kokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound kunye ne-tomography.

Iisalathisi zesifo seRed-Sternberg zisasazeka ngokukhawuleza ngegazi kwezinye iinqununu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela i-lymphoma kwisigaba sokuqala okanye sesibini kwaye ngokukhawuleza uqhube i-chemotherapy, kunye ne-radiotherapy. Oku kunciphisa ukukhula nokusabalala kweeseli ezingaqhelekanga.

Unyango kunye nobuchule bwanamhlanje

I-lymphogranulomatosis iphathwa njani? Unyango luya kusebenza ngakumbi. Xa kuthelekiswa namaxesha adlulileyo enkulungwane ye-XX, inkqubela ekuphiliseni esi sifo kuyacaca: ama-90% amatyala kunye nabanye baphila kwiminyaka emi-5 kwaye, xa bekhutshwa kwi-site, baphiliswa ngokupheleleyo. Namhlanje ehlabathini jikelele iindlela ezinjalo zonyango ziyasetyenziswa:

• Unyango oluneengqungquthela;
• Unyango lwezinto eziphilayo;
• Splenectomy;
• Ukutshintshwa kweeseli zesitembu;
• Ulwaphulo lomsakazo;
• Ukuhlinzwa;
• Unyango nge steroids.

Phakathi kwe-cytostatics, oogqirha banokumisela: i-Embichin, i-Cyclophosphan, i-Natulan, i-Prednisolone. Ezi zi yobisi zisetyenziswa ixesha elide.

Kwaye i-radiotherapy cishe isoloko iphucula imeko yesigulane. Ngokuqhelekileyo zonke izigulane zihamba kule nkqubo.

Nangona kunjalo, akuzona zonke ezi ndlela ezisetyenziselwa unyango. Umboneleli wezempilo uya kuphuhlisa isicwangciso sakhe. Ezinye zilinganiselwe kuphela kwi-chemotherapy kunye neziyobisi. Abanye bakhetha unyango lwe-steroid. Konke kuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yesigulane kunye nemeko yakhe yangoku.

Ulwaphulo lwezonyango zomntu

Ukongeza kumayeza, ungathatha amayeza emvelo. Ezinye izityalo zinemiphumo emihle yokuphulukisa, umzekelo, i-alo. Nantsi enye yeendlela zokupheka eziqulethe ijusi: 500 gr. Umsi wesityalo, 700 gr. Ubusi kunye no-20 gr. Umama. Khusela iintsuku ezintathu.

Kwakhona, ukulungiswa kweyeza kusela isityalo esinjengomsi obomvu, okanye i-periwinkle.

Kodwa kufuneka uqonde ukuba unyango oluphambili lwee-herbs alukwazi ukuba nesifo esinzulu njengelomphogranulomatosis. Utyando kunye nezilwanyana zomntu zisesibini; Ngokukodwa isisilumkiso kunye neziyobisi.

Ungazikhusela njani kwiHodgkin's lymphoma?

Ekubeni iinjongo ezibalulekileyo zezi sifo azikafumaneki, kunzima ukugweba malunga nokukhusela. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba abantu abatsha banakekele ngakumbi impilo yabo, bengabonakali umzimba ukuba babe nezinto ezinobuthi, njengotywala kunye nocuba. Kwaye kunokunobungozi ukutyelela i-salt salon rhoqo.