I-Glyoblastoma yengqondo: bafa njani? I-Glyoblastoma: idigri, i-prognosis

Zininzi iindlela zomhlaza namhlanje ezingenakuphilisa, umzekelo, i-glioblastoma yengqondo. Indlela yokufa kunye nokuxilongwa okubi kakhulu kukungabi nazi nawuphi na umntu, kodwa kutheni baninzi abanomdla kwindlela esi sifo esinokuyilwa ngayo kwaye oko kufuneka kwenziwe kuqala.

Yintoni i-glioblastoma?

Isisu esibi kakhulu nesinobudlova esingahlakulela ngaphakathi kwekhanga yi-glioblastoma yengqondo. Isithombiso esingezantsi sibonisa ukuba isifo kunye nezindlela zokusetyenziswa zonyango zitshintsha ukubonakala komntu malunga nokuqaphela.

Ngokwezibalo, izifo zihlala zichaphazela abantu abaneminyaka engama-35 ukuya ku-55 ubudala ubudala, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo, abasetyhini, abanokuthi baqinisekisiwe, umzekelo ophawulekayo kukuba ugula lomculi odumile waseRussia uZhanna Friske.

Kukho i-glioblastoma ngenxa yokuphindaphinda okungekho mthethweni kweeseli ze-stellate-astrocytes. Phakathi kwamaseli anentsholongwane kunye nephilileyo akukho mda ocacileyo, okwenza olu hlobo lwesisu luyingozi kakhulu kwaye lukhuni ukusebenza.

I-tumor ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwiingxube zengqondo, ngelixa i-glioblastoma yengqondo ikhula ngokungaqondakaliyo kwaye ingabonakali. Ngaba iiseli eziphilileyo zifa, ngokukhawuleza zibandakanyeka kwinkqubo yokuguqula i-genetic kwaye ziba zizilwanyana zonyango, ugqirha unokuqwalasela kwimifanekiso ye-MRI ifowuni.

Iimbangela ze-glioblastoma

Isizathu sokuchithwa kakubi kweeseli zengqondo asinakuhlala sisisiseko, kodwa izinto ezininzi ezibangela kule nkqubo zigqatshelwe:

1. I-Genetic predisposition. Ukuba umntu osondelene nezihlobo zakhe unomdlavuza, umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa eso sifo ukwanda.
2. Impembelelo yendawo enobundlobongela - imisebe, iikhemikhali, ioni kunye nombane we-electromagnetic radiation.
3. Utshintsho lwe-Genetic lufumaneka kwaye luzalwe ngumntwana.
4. Amadoda nabantwana basengozini.

Iimpawu zophuhliso lwe-glioblastoma

Ukuphuhliswa kwesi sifo kubangelwa ukungahambi kakuhle, ngokuqhelekileyo isisu sinqunywe ngokukhawuleza xa sidlulisa uphando kwiprofayili eyahlukileyo.

Okwangoku, inzululwazi ayiyazi izizathu kunye neendlela zokwakheka kwesi sifo njenge-glioblastoma yengqondo. Izigulane ziyafa njani kwaye kutheni le mbuzo ingaphenduliyo ngoku. Nangona kunjalo, kukho imiqondiso emininzi, ekubonakalweni okufuneka udibane nodokotela:

• Ukulala nokusila ;
• Intloko eqhubekayo ;
• Ukuchithwa kwezakhono ezifanelekileyo zezithuthi;
• Umbono ongenakukhubazeka, ukucinga;
• Ubungqina kwimilenze;
• Ukungaphumeleli kwentetho yesigqibo;
• Unzima ekugxileni;
• Ukuguquka kwemizwelo kunye nexesha eliqhelekileyo;
• Ukuphelelwa kwesidlo, kwaye ngenxa yoko, ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esinamandla.

Ukwahlula kwe-glioblastoma

I-World Health Organization ibone iintlobo ezintathu zezi zifo. Ukwahlukana kuqulethwe kwinqanaba lokugula, ubungakanani besifo kunye nenani leminye imigaqo.

1. I-cell cell glioblastoma-ngaphakathi kwe-neoplasm inani elikhulu leeseli ezine-nuclei eziliqela zifumaneka.
2. I-Gliosarcoma ibonakaliswe ngokuxuba iiseli ze-glial kunye neeseli zamathambo ezinxibelelwano kunye nobukho bamacandelo anesifo.
3. I-mulform glioma yindlela eqhelekileyo kunye enobudlova yomhlaza. Ebonakalayo ngokuphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokukhawuleza, inokufikelela kumanani amakhulu ngaphambi kokuba iimpawu zokuqala zibonakalise.

Amagatya okuphuhliswa kwesifo

Njengawuphi na umdlavuza, ulwahlulwe ngokwezinga lezonyango kunye ne-glioblastoma. Iidyuli ezabiwe ngu-WHO zilandelayo:

1. Isiganga sokuqala yindlela elula yesi sifo, kungekho zibonakaliso zesifo. I-tumor ikhula ngokukhawuleza, iiseli ezempilo azichaphazeli ngokukhawuleza. Iiprenoses zoogqirha zona zilungileyo, amathuba okubuyiswa aphezulu.
2. I-desi yesibini-iiseli zinempawu ze-atypical, kodwa i-tumor ikhula ngokukhawuleza, ukubunjwa kuncinci. Ukuba i-tumor ayifumaneki ngexesha, isifo sidlulela kwisigaba esibi kakhulu, oku kuyingozi enkulu. Nangona kunjalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yingozi kangakanani i-glioblastoma yengqondo, ukubikezelwa koogqirha kwisigaba sesibini kukuxhomekeke kunene.
3. Iidanga lesithathu lidlula ngaphandle kweenkqubo ezinobungozi, kodwa libi kwaye likhula ngokukhawuleza, lihlasele izicubu zengqondo. Umsebenzi owenziwe awuqinisekisi impumelelo efunwayo.
4. Icandelo lesine-elibhekiselele kwizinga eliphezulu lokukhula kwaye luhlobo olunzima kakhulu lomhlaza. Imida ye-tumor ayinzima ukuyichonga, ukususwa ngokukhawuleza akunakwenzeka. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oogqirha banqabe ukuhlinzwa, ngenxa yokwesaba ukwenza umonakalo omkhulu kumguli.

Diagnostics

I-MRI ne-CT yindlela efundisa kakhulu yokufumanisa izifo ezifana ne-glioblastoma yengqondo. Iifayili ezifunyenwe emva kokuba inkqubo ikuvumele ukuba ufumane ubuninzi be-tumor kunye nendawo yalo ndawo.

Ngamanye amaxesha isicatshulwa esikhethekileyo sisetyenziselwa isigulane, sivumele ukuba sibone yonke inkqubo yesistim kunye nomlinganiselo wokulimala kwimifanekiso.

Ukuze ufumane umfanekiso opheleleyo ngakumbi wesifo, isifundo se-biopsy-histological yeqhezu yengqondo yenziwe. I-biopsy yinkqubo yokusebenza nge-neurosurgical kunzima, eyenziwa phantsi kwe-anesthesia jikelele. Ukuba i-tumor ifumaneke ngokujulile kwiisishu zeengqondo, i-biopsy ayikwazi.

Ixesha lokuxilongwa kwe-glyblastoma, ubomi besigulane sandisa kakhulu.

Unyango

Emva kokuqokelela zonke iimvavanyo kunye nokuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo, ugqirha usetha unyango kwisigulane ngasinye. Qinisekisa ukuba uthathe ingqalelo kwizinto ezifana nesiguli somdala, impilo jikelele, kunye nesigaba sokuphuhliswa kwenkqubo, indawo kunye nobukhulu be-tumor.

Unyango lwamaziko lunokwahlukana ngezigaba ezilandelayo:

1. Ingenelelo yokuphengulula yindlela efanelekileyo kakhulu yokwenza unyango. Iiseli ezichaphazelekayo zisuswe ngokupheleleyo, ngamanye amaxesha imimandla enempilo ifakwe ekuthintela ukuphuhliswa kwesisu. Ngenjongo yokungcolisa okungcono umda we-tumor, isigulane sinikwa i-ejenti eyahlukileyo ngaphambi kokuba kusebenze, apho, phantsi kokukhanya okuthile, kunika i-contours ye-neoplasm ecacileyo.
2. I-Chemotherapy yonyango lonyango kwaye lwenziwa emva kokuhlinzwa. Iyakwenza ukuthintela ukuphindaphinda.
3. Ulwaphulo lwe-radiation-lusetyenziswa ngokubambisana ne-chemotherapy. Ukuqhelanisa imisebe yendawo kuphazamisa iiseli zomhlaza kwaye ziyabatshabalalisa.
4. I-Photodynamic therapy, indlela entsha kunye esebenzayo yokunyanga i-glioblastoma, isekelwe kwi-radiation irradiation.
5. I-Radiosurgery-i-radium ye-radiation igxininisa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-lesion, ibe nomonakalo obuncinane kwizicubu ezinempilo.

Kwinkimbinkimbi, zonke iintlobo zonyango zinceda ekufezekiseni ukupheliswa ngokupheleleyo kwesifo esiyinkimbinkimbi njenge-glioblastoma, ixesha lokuphila kwezigulane ezigulayo liyakwandiswa kakhulu. Utyando lithatha ixesha elide kwaye lifuna ukuthobela ngokuthe ngqo kuzo zonke iingcebiso zonyango, kubandakanya ukutya okuqinileyo.

Forecast

Ngelishwa, ngesifo esibi kakhulu njenge-glioblastoma yengqondo, ukugxekwa kobomi ngamanye amaxesha kungadumazeka. Ukulindela ubomi emva kokususwa kwe-tumor iminyaka emibili ukuya kwimithathu. Nge-multi-glioblastoma, ukufa kwenzeka kwiiveki ezingama-30 ukuya kuma-40.

Uninzi lweziphene ezinengxaki zeengxaki zomsululwano lubangela umonakalo omkhulu, obonelelwa yi-glioblastoma yengqondo. Izigulane ziyafa njani? Ngokuyisisiseko, oku kubulawe kakhulu, kuhamba kunye neentloko ezibuhlungu kunye nokuphulwa kwemisebenzi yengqondo, kunye nokukwazi ukuzinzela inkonzo. Kule meko, unyango lunokunceda kuphela ukunyamekela.

Phantse i-80% yamatyala emva kokuba unyango lubuyele kwakhona.

Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokwandiswa okwexeshana kwithuba lexesha elixeliweyo, umnqweno wesigulane ngowokuqala kukho konke okufunekayo. Ukuxilongwa ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokuqina komnqweno womntu, ukunyamezela kunye nomnqweno wokulwa nokwandisa amathuba okuphumelela unyango oluqhubekayo, unike ithemba kwizinto eziqhelekileyo zokuphila.