I-HIV ngumqondiso wokuqala

UGawulayo okanye ukusuleleka ngoGawulayo yisifo esiyingozi esibangelwa yintsholongwane ye- immunodeficiency virus. Ubonakaliswa, okokuqala, ngokutshatyalaliswa kwenkqubo yokuzivikela komzimba kunye nezibonakalo ezahlukeneyo zeklinikhi (iinkqubo ezifana neenthambo kunye nezifo ezichaphazelekayo). Isizathu salesi sifo sisifo se-retroviruses, ngoku ukuphela kwezinto ezimbini eziye zafundwa kakuhle, ezi zi-HIV-1 kunye ne-HIV-2. Kwimvelo, kukho ezinye iindidi ezininzi zale pathogen, kodwa akukho nkcazelo ethembekileyo malunga nokuba yiyiphi na indlela abaziphatha ngayo kumzimba womntu.

Yintoni iHIV ?

Isibonakaliso sokuqala sale ntsholongwane sinokumiselwa kubukho be-retrovirus egazini. I-Retroviruses ibonakala ngokuba yi-lymphotropism ebizwa ngokuthi yi-lymphocytes, iisel cell system cells. Intsholongwane kaGawulayo inokuguquka okukhulu - i-gene iguqulwe ngaphezu kwe-1 000, ephindwa kaninzi kunegciwane lesifo sengculazi. I-agent engabangela ukusuleleka nge-HIV ifumaneka kwi-T-lymphocyte nakwamanye amalungu kunye namathishu omzimba womntu (macrophages, monocytes, i-Langerhans cell, i-megakaryocytes, i-eosinophils, i-neurons, iiseli ze-intestinal epithelial). Intsholongwane ifunyenwe kwigazi, i-sperm, i-saliva, ubisi lwebele lwabafazi abanesifo se-HIV, baqhekeza amanzi.

HIV. Uphawu lokuqala losulelo.

Ubude bexesha lokutshatyalaliswa kwentsholongwane kaGawulayo lunokusukela kwiinyanga ezi-4-6 ukuya kwiminyaka emine okanye ngaphezulu, kwincwadi kukho ulwazi malunga nexesha lokutshatyalaliswa kweminyaka eyi-15. Ngoko, sinokuqala njani ukukrokrela ukuba umntu unentsholongwane kaGawulayo? Impawu zokuqala zentsholongwane zingabonakaliswa ngolu hlobo lwe-lymphadenopathy kunye nomkhuhlane (ukushisa komzimba ophakamileyo), iimpawu ezinjalo zikhula kuphela kwiiveki ezi-5-6 emva kokusuleleka. Iyakwamkelwa ukunika isithuba seminyaka phakathi kokubonakala kwigazi yamagciwane kunye nokuphuhliswa kweempawu zokuqala ze-AIDS, eli xesha linokuba yiminyaka eyi-7-10.

Impawu zokuqala zentsholongwane kaGawulayo kumadoda nabasetyhini

Abalobi banamhlanje bahlula iimpawu ezili-9 zokusuleleka ngoGawulayo, uphawu lokuqala oluya kulahlwa kwaye lulahleke.

1. Ukulahlekelwa kwexabiso lokunyusa (kwiinyanga ezili-6 ngo-10% okanye ngaphezulu);
2. Umkhuhlane uhlala ixesha elide kuneenyanga enye;
3. Idayarrha ingapheli inyanga enye;
4. Ukubamba i-dermatitis ngokubanzi;
5. Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo;
6. Iingxowa eziphindaphindiweyo;
7. Candidiasis ye-oropharynx;
8. Herpes simplex okanye ephindaphindiweyo;
9. Lymphadenopathy jikelele.

Yintoni endiyifunayo?

Kwezinye izigulane ezineNtsholongwane kaGawulayo, isibonakaliso sokuqala singabonakaliswa kwiimpawu ze-neurological: intlungu yeso, i-photophobia, intloko yesifo, imiqondiso ye-neuropathy ne-meningoencephalitis. Oku kuthetha ukuba umonakalo wangaphambili kwinkqubo yenzwa yaqala. Kwezinye iimeko, kunokubonakala ukugqithisa emzimbeni wendlela ebonakalayo njenge-rubella okanye imasisi, ukulahleka kweenwele, ukubonakala kwezilonda kwiimbrane ezinamaqabunga. Ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokutheleleka nge-HIV lididekile kunye ne-mononucleosis, isifo se-cytomegalovirus, i- toxoplasmosis, i-rubella kunye nezinye izifo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokusuleleka kwintsholongwane kaGawulayo, isiqalo esicacileyo sichaphazelekayo, ngokungafani kwezinye iindidi ze-mononucleosis ezithatheleneyo, kunye nobukho bezilonda kunye nokuncintwa kobuthathaka kweetoni.

Impawu zokuqala zokusuleleka ngu-HIV akusisigqibo!

Kukho nawuphi na, iimpawu zokuqala zokusuleleka kwi-HIV kwabasetyhini kunye namadoda zibhekiselele kwimpilo engafanelekanga emzimbeni womntu, kufuneka ibe yimbonakalo yokuqala yokuba isiguli siya kufuneka senze uviwo olongezelelweyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukubonakaliswa kweempawu ezininzi akuyiyo yonke into ecacileyo yokuchaza ukuxilongwa okunzulu njengengculazi. Ukuze wenze ukuxilongwa okunjalo, isiguli siya kucelwa ukuba sivivinywe uvavanyo oluzodwa, oluqhutywayo, kokubili ngokungavuliyo, kwaye kuphela emva kokuvavanywa kwamanyathelo aqinisekisiweyo. Ungakulibali ukuba ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili kwesi sifo kubhekiselele kumanyathelo abalulekileyo okulwa neengcipheko, kwaye unyango olusesikweni oluchanekileyo lwe-anti-infiratory treatment lunokulibazisa kakhulu okanye lukhusele ukuphuhliswa kwe-AIDS.