Georgia: Indawo intsimi ngaphandle Abkhazia noMzantsi Ossetia

Enye amazwe South Caucasus yi Georgia. Ummandla kummandla loo kuRhulumente ibali hayi kanye zatshintsha. Kwaye ngoku eli lizwe ilawulwa kukha lonke ilizwe ifunwe. iingingqi kunjalo, xa kubalawuli ezininzi i data loyiswa olungalawulwayo kuvela eGeorgia. indawo Area ngaphandle Abkhazia noMzantsi Ossetia nangoku zifune kunye simo. Sazise malunga noko indawo zelizwe ngaphandle kwezi republic nendlela abunjwe nommandla wayo.

Imbali kummandla Georgia

Enye ithi lidala Transcaucasia yi eGeorgia. Ummandla kweli lizwe iye yakhula kumakhulu eminyaka, kwaye nkqu zeminyaka.

Eyokuqala ithi eGeorgia wabonakala ngamakhoboka. Yaba Colchis (ukuyigubungela unxweme Sea Black) kunye Iberia (kwiziko). Kutshanje, urhulumente kwasekwa i-BC ngenkulungwane III Kuye ibekwe esizikithini lizwe yaye ngumongo ukusuka apho eGeorgia kwasekwa elizayo.

Le ndawo yalo uhulumeni phantse isiqingatha kwintsimi Georgian. Xa imithombo kamva Iberia uqalisa kubizwa ngokuba ubukumkani Kartli. In I. BC ookumkani Iberia kunye Colchis ingqalelo athembele eRoma. Kwisiqingatha sokuqala BC kwinkulungwane IV e Kartli (Iberia), ubuKristu iba inkolo yombuso.

Kwiinkulungwane ezalandelayo, ummandla yaseGeorgia yahlulwa ngempumelelo zibe yekhasi ngempembelelo Byzantium (Colchis) namaPersi (Iberia). Maxa wambi nkqu ezi ndawo baphelelwa inkululeko yabo ibe yinxalenye kwamazwe zikhankanywe ngasentla. Embindini VII kwinkulungwane-Arabhu koyisa iPersi kunye noninzi eGeorgia. Ngokupheleleyo balahle-Arabhu Georgians ilawulwa kuphela X kwinkulungwane.

Kodwa emva kokuba inkululeko evela Arabhu waseGeorgia eninzi geqe. Dibanisa zibe amandla yaba abalawuli unako le Bagratuni Dynasty, leyo ekuqaleni imithetho ebukumkanini Tao Klarjeti. Ookumkani beli ubukhosi wakwazi amgxothe Arabhu ukusuka Tbilisi kwaye ukuze lo mzi ndiwenze ikomkhulu labo. Emva koko, abhalisa ndawonye yonke indawo Georgia-mihla, nkqu wahambisana emhlabeni, hayi urhulumente Georgian mihla.

Amandla omkhulu Georgia ezifunyenwe phantsi uKumkani uDavide eso esimakhi iKumkanikazi Tamara (XII-XIII ngenkulungwane), ngethuba lolawulo ekhonza wavuma nkqu ookumkani koBukhosi of Trebizond. Yayingunyaka yegolide igunya kwezopolitiko kunye nenkcubeko ongakaze eGeorgia. Ummandla imimandla yawo kude ngaphaya kwemida imida zanamhlanje.

Kodwa akukho nto ihlala ngonaphakade. Emva kokuba Golden Age waqalisa Ukufa ingxabano phakathi kwamalungu endlu sigqibo. amandla karhulumente Georgian ihlunguzela i Mongol sokuhlasela imi- 20-kwinkulungwane XIII. Ekugqibeleni, ookumkani Georgian waqonda ingumbuso le Mongols waza wavuma ukuba ahlawule irhafu. Ekugqibeleni bamoya umbuso united Georgian uthotho Ukoyisa of Central umlawuli Asia Tamerlane. Ezi uhambo kwakhokelela waphelelwa epheleleyo kuqoqosho Georgian kunye sokonakalisa yayo ithi eziliqela macala ezizimeleyo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, uninzi lwezi izilawuli kwafuneka ingqalelo ingumbuso le Ottoman okanye i-Persian ubukhosi Safavid. Ngomhla kummandla Georgia wabamba umzabalazo phakathi kwezi ukumkani ezinkulu ezimbini. Ekugqibeleni, esi sivumelwano uxolo satyikitywa phakathi kwenkulungwane XVI, lo ubulawuli ka Kakheti kunye ummandla Kartli anikwa iPersi, kunye Imereti - Ottoman.

Kwinkulungwane XVII eCaucasus sibona urhulumente omtsha enamandla - uBukhosi Russian. Xa uthotho iimfazwe kunye Ottoman namaPersi bazinzisa ulawulo phezu enkulu zaseCaucasus. Ngelo xesha, Kartli kunye Kakheti ubulawuli amanyene zibe bengatshatanga. Umlawuli yobukumkani obumanyeneyo Kartli-Kakheti uHeraclius II ifumana ngo-1783 ubumi Russian. Kwaye ngo 1801, emva kokufa kakumkani Georgia elilandelayo Kartli-Kakheti karhulumente inxalenye yokugqibela yoBukhosi baseRashiya.

Ngoku, njengenxenye zoMbuso, nemimandla Georgian mihla baba yinxalenye Tiflis kunye Kutaisi amaphondo, cishe bahambelana kummandla Kartli-Kakheti kunye Imereti nezikumkani, kwakunye kummandla Batumi.

Formation yombuso Georgian emideni mihla

Georgia ndawo, coinciding kalukhuni nemida yayo ngoku, waqalisa ukuba emva kokuwa ukumkani kuBukhosi Russian ngo-1917. Sele ngoNovemba 1917 ngo Tiflis (Tbilisi yanamhlanje) lwaqokelelwa Transcaucasian Commissariat, nto leyo ingqokelela amaphondo Transcaucasia kaRhulumente (Georgia, Armenia kunye Azerbaijan).

Ngo-Apreli 1918, Transcaucasian Democratic eManyeneyo Republic yamiselwa ngenxa yayo. Kodwa ngoMeyi, phantsi koxinzelelo oluvela kurhulumente Turkish yohlulwe ziiriphabliki ezintathu ezizimeleyo, enye yazo i-Democratic Republic of yaseGeorgia. Ummandla kummandla uRhulumente ithatha nje kuphela Georgia mihla kunye Abkhazia noMzantsi Ossetia, kwakunye iinxalenye Armenia ne Turkey. Ivela eli gunya lo kwesindululo eGeorgia yanamhlanje.

Noko ke, loo nto yathatha ixesha elifutshane. Sele ngowe-1921, imikhosi yamaBolshevik ahlala eGeorgia. Kukho yasekwa yesiGeorgia Soviet Socialist Republic kunye kwikomkhulu e Tbilisi. Kulo nyaka Adjara SSR yachongwa mxholo GSPC. Ngokusekelwe kube sekuphelisweni Union iSivumelwano, le Abkhazian imthetho yinxalenye Georgia, yaye kamva ngonyaka kumiswa elinye Igunya - Ukuzilawula Region South Ossetian. Kwakhona ngo-1922 i-Georgian SSR, Armenian SSR kunye Azerbaijan SSR kwasekwa umanyano - TSFSR. Ekupheleni kuka-1922, inxalenye yokugqibela USSR. Noko ke, ngo-1936 TSFSR aye ohlulwa kwaye zontathu amazwana aba yinxalenye yale lombutho, kuquka Georgia, ezi zifundo ngqo USSR.

Ngasekupheleni-imi- 80 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, Georgia yenye nakwiiriphabliki yokuqala waqonda ukuba kusungulwe evela USSR. Oku kuchazwe liBhunga Ephakamileyo kwiriphabliki ngo-1989, xa imikhosi Soviet ndahlukana a rally, wafuna ukuba kusungulwe Georgia ukususela eSoviet Union. Ngo-Apreli 1991, Georgia wathi ukwahlukana ngokupheleleyo ukususela eSoviet Union.

Kodwa ke intsimi elizenzekelayo Georgian SSR - kwiAbkhaz ASSR kunye South Ossetian District Ukuzilawula, babenqwenela ukuba bahlale USSR. Oku kwakhokelela kungquzulwano phakathi Georgia kunye semkhosini ezi republic. Lemfazwe luyekiswe kuphela ngo-1993, ngenxa yolamlo Russia kunye nokusasazwa uxolo unazo. Enyanisweni, South Ossetia kunye Abkhazia baba geqe, nangona ngokusemthethweni lo eneneni nto iye yawongwa naliphi na ilizwe ehlabathini. Georgia waqhubeka ukufunda idata indawo yayo.

Wesimanje Isigaba

Ngo-2008, ungquzulwano entsha lwezigalo imfazwe phakathi Georgia kwelinye icala, kunye Abkhazia noMzantsi Ossetia, naseRashiya - kwelinye icala. Ngokutsho iziphumo impixano, Georgia iphelelwe ngokupheleleyo ulawulo eMzantsi Ossetia kunye Abkhazia, nto leyo urhulumente esemthethweni awaziwa yi Russia.

Kulo ukuyilwa kummandla Georgia xa zambethe loo njengoko ikhona ngoku, sele sigqityiwe. Kungenxa yoko le nto namhlanje kuthathelwa ingqalelo xa kubalwa ummandla Georgia ngaphandle Abkhazia noMzantsi Ossetia.

Ummandla kummandla Georgia

Ngoku lixesha kodwa ukwazi oko indawo Georgia kwi square metres. km ngaphandle Abkhazia noMzantsi Ossetia. Ngoko ke, ukufumana impendulo yalo mbuzo.

Le ndawo iyonke Georgia yonke imimandla apho lithi yi 69.7 thous. Km ^2. Ngokwale ngesalathisi lizwe ithatha indawo 119 ehlabathini. Kodwa banomdla kummandla Georgia kwi square metres. km. ngaphandle South Ossetia kunye Abkhazia.

Njengoko sisazi ukuba kummandla Abkhazia ngu 8.6 amawaka km ^2, kunye ummandla yoMzantsi Ossetia - .. 3.9 amawaka km ^2, kulula ukubala indawo yabo bebonke - 12.5 amawaka km ^{2 ..} Ngenxa yoko, Georgia indawo ngaphandle kwimimandla data ka-57,2 amawaka. ^Km2. Le ndawo th 122 phakathi kwazo zonke iintlanga zonke zehlabathi.

labantu

Sifumene Georgia kwisiza naliphi ubukhulu. Ummandla yommandla namanani eli lizwe - nto ezalanayo kakhulu parameters. Ngoko ke, ukuba umfanekiso opheleleyo, sifunda eziliqela abahlali kweli lizwe Transcaucasian.

Kungoku ihlalwa nguRhulumente amawaka 3729,5. Abahlali. One anamanci indawo wamashumi omathathu kwesi salathisi ohlala phakathi kwamanye amazwe ehlabathi, eGeorgia. Area kunye nelabantu ithi Transcaucasian banikwa ngaphandle malunga Abkhazia noMzantsi Ossetia.

nengxinano yabemi

Ukwazi ezi zikhombisi kubemi kunye kwindawo mhlaba, kulula ukubala, kunye lexinene yabemi eGeorgia. Okwangoku ke abantu 68. 1 macala onke. km.

Thelekisa, lexinene koluntu kumazwe angabamelwane Azerbaijan kunye Armenia na, ngokulandelelana, abantu 111 kunye 101,5 / macala onke. M. km. Ngenxa yoko, izinga eGeorgia lingaphantsi koko kumazwe angabamelwane.

Ukubunjwa labantu

Ngoku makhe sikhangele ukuba ubume zobuhlanga nonqulo abantu abahlala kummandla Georgia, oko kukuthi, abantu abahlala kummandla lizwe.

Ingaba Georgians yobuhlanga. Bona i-83,4% yabantu lilonke Georgia ngaphandle Abkhazia noMzantsi Ossetia. Oku luni na njengelizwe ngakumbi ubukho elibalulekileyo uhlanga omnye. Indawo yesibini kwi inani Azerbaijani ezinabantu - 6.7%, ilandelwe yi-Armenian - 5.7%. Kodwa Russian sele ningatyhafi kwinani amaqela eentlanga ezidweliswe apha ngentla. isabelo sawo yi 1.9% kuphela. KwiiOssetian kwilizwe malunga-1%.

Zonke ezinye iintlanga kulo Georgia, ngaphantsi kwe-1% yabo xa bebonke. Ezi ziquka Yezidis (Kurds), Ukraine, amaGrike, Chechens, Avars, Kistinians, kwiAbkhaz, Asiriya kunye nezinye izizwe.

Uninzi Georgians abathi bangamaKristu Orthodox - 83,4%. Abaliqela nazo amaSilamsi, ikakhulu Adjara - 10.7%. Phakathi kwezinye iinkonzo kufuneka kubabela elo amarhamente ye-Armenian Apostolic, amaKatolika, amaProtestanti, Yezidis, amaNgqina kaYehova, amaYuda.

division zokuphatha

Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba yintoni iiyunithi ezifunda yahlulwe Georgia yanamhlanje. Le meko eneneni iqulathe elintlangothi-9 (mhare), yq ezimeleyo (Adjara) kunye omnye umzi ngokubaluleka zesizwe (Tbilisi). Ngaphezu koko, ngokomthetho inxalenye Georgia ngokungqinelana nomthetho wayo, i-AP iquka Abkhazia, kodwa eneneni kummandla eGeorgia akayilawuli.

Uluhlu abasithoba imiphetho ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Samtskhe-Javakheti, Racha-Lechkhumi ne Lower ZaseSvaneti, Imereti, Guria, Samegrelo-Upper ZaseSvaneti, Kakheti, weMtskheta-Mtianeti, Shida Kartli, Kvemo Kartli.

Ukongeza, iiyunithi olawulo kweliphezulu (elintlangothi nasemazweni azimeleyo), yahlulwe yaba ziiyunithi zolawulo ukuze (oomasipala kunye nemizi republic Ixabiso (kwimimandla)) asezantsi. Okwangoku, i-mthetho eGeorgia yaphumelela ubukho oomasipala 67 kunye izixeko ezilishumi elinesine ngokubaluleka lwengingqi. Kodwa enyanisweni phantsi kolawulo Georgia-59 kuphela oomasipala kunye zokuhlala abekelwe 11.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba amaziko yezolawulo, nto leyo ngoku obizwa ngokuba koomasipala, nabizelwa, njengoko eSoviet Union, iindawo de kwango-2006.

Ummandla kwimimandla ngabanye Georgia

Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba yintoni intsimi ikwiindawo iindwendwe okuhlala, ezo njengenxalenye yemfundo karhulumente njengoko eGeorgia. Indawo Ukuzilawula Republic of Adjara, nekomkhulu yayo Batumi, nto leyo ibekwe ngokugqithileyo kumzantsi-ntshona Georgia, yi-2,9 lamawaka. Km ^2.

Edge of Samegrelo-Upper ZaseSvaneti ise emantla-ntshona inxalenye Georgia, kumda kunye Abkhazia kwi kummandla ka-7.4 amawaka. Km ^2. Eyona umzi kummandla Zugdidi.

Eli ziko yobuphathi umzi ngohlangothi Guria Ozurgeti. Le yunithi indawo ine indawo 2.0 amawaka. Km ² kwaye ibekwe kumzantsi-ntshona weli lizwe.

Edge of Racha-Lechkhumi ne Lower ZaseSvaneti ise entla lizwe kummandla ka-4.6 amawaka. Km ^2. Le dolophu iphambili kukho isixeko Ambrolauri.

Edge, ogama ingqamana igama ubukumkani yamandulo Imereti, ine indawo 6.6 amawaka. Km ² kwaye ibekwe umbindi Georgia kunye shift ukuya ngasentshona. Iziko yolawulo mmandla, isixeko Kutaisi.

Region kunye esibizwa Samtskhe-Javakheti ine indawo elingana 6.4 thous. Km ^2. Isendaweni esesiphelweni kumazantsi eli lizwe. Eyona idolophu Akhaltsikhe apha.

Edge Shida Kartli ine indawo 4.8 amawaka. ^Km2. The main dolophu kwingingqi - gori. It is a kummandla emntla wombindi Georgia kwi nomda South Ossetia. Phantsi kwemithetho ye Georgia, malunga nesiqingatha kummandla ngingqi ilizwe nje lasezantsi Ossetian, yaye abaninzi eMzantsi Ossetia yinxalenye oko ngohlangothi Shida Kartli. Kodwa ke ekubaleni ndawo kule ngingqi, kwaye kwazithathela ingqalelo kuphela intsimi, nto leyo engafunwa ilawulwa ngamagunya Georgian.

Lo mmandla kunye negama echaza weMtskheta-Mtianeti kwintsimi ubukhulu 6.8 amawaka. Km ^2, ibekwe emantla-mpuma Georgia, kodwa eneneni olawula 5.8 thous. Km ^2, njengoko abanye kummandla eMzantsi Ossetia. Eyona idolophu mmandla - weMtskheta.

Edge Kvemo Kartli ise kwi Georgia emzantsi-mpuma. Kuye indawo elingana 6.5 amawaka. ^Km2. Iziko lolawulo - Rustavi.

Region Kakheti ise becala okwimpuma yeli lizwe. Uphethe ezilinganayo ukuya 11,3 thous. Km ^2. Eli ziko yobuphathi isixeko Telavi apha.

City of kazwelonke ngokubaluleka Tbilisi kananjalo nommandla wayo. Yena, ke, ezincinane kakhulu indawo elintlangothi kwaye 720 km ^{2 kuphela.} Inani lilonke abahlali elikomkhulu yaseGeorgia 1.1 yezigidi. Abantu. Uqhekekile umzi ibekwe kumbindi karhulumente kunye lisisiqalo kwi-mpuma.

Ngoko ke, njengoko sibonile kwi kwindawo enkulu kakhulu kwimimandla ngohlangothi Georgia Kahetija (11.3 amawaka. Km ²⁾ kunye eliphezulu-udini Samegrelo Svanetiya (7.4 th. ² km). Zincinane kummandla kwimimandla Georgia, ngaphandle kokujonga kwisixeko lwamaxabiso Tbilisi State, Guria Region (2.0 thous. Km ²⁾ kunye Adjara Ukuzilawula Republic (2.9 thous. Km ^2).

Isiphelo

Siyazi ukuba ummandla eGeorgia lamawaka. Km2. Ukumisela le salathisi kufuneka ukwazi enye into ebaluleke kakhulu. Kukho iindawo ezidweliswe njengoko urhulumente iTbilisi ukuya Georgian, kodwa loo nto ayithethi okunene ukulawula eGeorgia. Ummandla eli lizwe, ngokulandelelana, kule mithombo Georgian liphezulu kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa imeko yokwenene yezinto.

Ngenxa yoko, siye safumanisa ukuba lo mzuzu ummandla weli lizwe, ngaphandle kokujonga eMzantsi Ossetia okunene lawuleki yaye Abkhazia, yi 57,2 amawaka. Km ^2.