Foreign kunye zasekhaya Politika Elizavety Petrovny. wobukumkani Elizabeth I kaThixo

Elizaveta Petrovna wenyuka kwetrone kukho ukuvukela 1741. Yena ke intombi odumileyo loMlawuli Peter I and Catherine I. lwangaphandle kunye yangaphakathi Politika Elizavety Petrovny yayijoliswe iqhubheka utshintsho kayise. UKumkanikazi bakhetha ukubhiyozela ubomi kunye namandla kwi uhulumeni ezandleni weenceke. Ngaphandle koku, ukubusa yabalasela eziliqela zinguquko. Eli nqaku liza kuxubusha yeenguqulelo Elizaveta Petrovna, ngamafuphi imigaqo angaphandle kunye zasekhaya.

Endleleni eya amandla

Wazalwa Elizaveta Petrovna ngo-1709. Kukho ubungqina ukuba intombi kaKesare ozithandayo. Elizabeth wafumana imfundo elungileyo. Peter I, ndithembe ukuba intombi yakhe umtshato Louis XV, wamema ezona titshala ukufundisa isiFrentshi yakhe. Umlinganiswa idibene wobulali Elizabeth kunye moodiness. Ababhali-mbali zibonisa ukuba ukumkanikazi elizayo uyakuthanda ukunxiba iilokhwe eqaqambileyo, wayemthanda ukudanisa ikhwele ihashe.

Emva kokufa uPetros I wanyukela itrone uElizabhete umtshana - Peter II. Emva kokufa kwakhe ngo-1730, weza amandla Anna Ivanovna. Ngeli xesha, igunya amandla ophakamileyo siwile kakhulu. Emva kokufa uAnny Ioannovny wathabatha itrone umtshana wakhe , Ivan VI, kodwa ngenxa imithetho ubudala Anna Leopoldovna ilizwe layo nomfana wakuyo. Nkqubo yalo ibamba baba awonwabanga izangqa eziphezulu kuluntu Russian.

ubhedu d'kombuso

Ukuvuma etroneni Elizabeth kungenxa mdibi d'AFP ngo-1741 waye kwesiphumo iyelenqe phakathi kwizangqa iphezulu ekuhlaleni, kunye nabaququzeleli baba I. G. Lestok kunye ukumkanikazi elizayo. Mdibi lwaqhutywa kunye ngoncedo Guards ye Preobrazhensky webutho. NgoNovemba 1741, ezimbini kupapasho-sapapashwa. Baqinisekisa ngokusesikweni Ukuvuma itrone Elizabeth, bekuxela wobukumkani Ivan VI mthethweni.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba lika uKumkanikazi yanceda Lestocq VI, Shuvalov, P. Shuvalov, A. Razumovsky, Vorontsov. Baba undoqo Elizabeth ngexesha lokulawula kwakhe.

inguqu zezopolitiko

Ngo-1740. angaphandle kunye zasekhaya Politika Elizavety Petrovny wayalelwa ukuba abuyele iinguqulelo Petrine. Emva kokuba anyukele etroneni, wabuyela iNdlu Yeengwevu ilungelo kwesandla sakhe ebudeni bolawulo kayise. Ebudeni bolawulo uKumkanikazi Elizabeth 1 yalo mzimba zingaphawulwa yi naluphi na utshintsho olukhulu. amanyathelo Key yeeNgwevu zazijoliswe ekusombululeni iingxaki xabezikhona.

inguqu zezopolitiko Elizabeth wathetha kwiKhabhinethi yaBaphathiswa. Lo mzimba kwayekwa. Endaweni yoko, ukuba iseke iNkomfa uKumkanikazi kwiNkundla Imperial. Oku kulawulwa imisebenzi yowiso-mthetho - iNdlu Yeengwevu.

Kwakhona ngexesha uElizabhete wenziwe uMantyi oyiNtloko, Berg silwenza iiplanga.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba xa ephezulu indawo ahlala kwinkundla oluthandayo uKumkanikazi, kwaye umntu lowo eyamncedayo ukuba esihlalweni sobukhosi. Phakathi kwazo Amanene sodidi Vorontsov, Razumovsky kunye Shuvalov.

nkqubo yezentlalo

nkqubo bentlalo uKumkanikazi yayijonge ekuqiniseni lobuzwilakhe kwaye wayenxibe uphawu prodvoryansky. Ngenxa iinguqu, nto leyo eqhuba Elizaveta Petrovna, abalimi baba ngakumbi ixhomekeke abantu nelungelo. Ngowe-1760 abanumzana banikwa ilungelo lokuba ngamakhoboka elubhacweni eSiberia. Ukongeza, abalimi ayikwazi ukuthetha kwimicimbi yemali ngaphandle kwemvume mhlaba. Kwakhona ngokwazo ukuba baye bakwazi ukuba bafake izicelo. Ukususela ngo 1764, iqulethwe elifeni lakhe ngayo abalimi nje kuphela abantu imvelaphi amanene.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isohlwayo sokufa wabhangiswa ebudeni bolawulo Elizabeth. Kunoko, waqala ukusebenzisa indlela kakuhle, nangona kwisenzo isohlwayo sokubetha kuzo nempahla le abaqeshisi kunye nomkhosi waqhubeka khona.

yoyo Sasungulwa

Foreign kunye zasekhaya Politika Elizavety Petrovny kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni kubekho ukwehla ebalulekileyo imeko abalimi. Oku kukhokelele ekuveleni kombono phakathi kwabo. ukunganeliseki yamahlwempu wabonakala kakhulu ubunzima ukubaleka, iphanga amafa kunye nokuphanga. Idla esihamba kunye nawo onke nokubulawa kokuba amatshawe aphathwe sisicaka.

Kwakhona ebudeni bolawulo Elizabeth kwabaneka kunye nabalimi yokuvukela abaninzi. Ekuqaleni kuka-1740. kwakukho ngedlela kwimeko-bume Bashkir. Ngowe-1743 waqala Teryushevskoe qhankqalazo. asebukhosini akwazi zokuyifihla kuphela phakathi 1745.

nkqubo yezoqoqosho

guqula Elizabeth lwachaphazela kwinqanaba kwezoqoqosho. Ngowe-1754 it uyekwa imisebenzi amasiko ngaphakathi elizweni. Le guqula kukunceda ukusombulula ukuqhekeka kwezoqoqosho Russia kunye nokuvuselelwa lobudlelwane zorhwebo. Ngowe-1757, umsebenzi izithethe impahla engeniswa elizweni yandiswe. Russia ngexesha Elizabeth wayonwabile urhwebo eliphilileyo kunye amagunya Western yaseYurophu (Britain, France) kunye nempuma.

Ngokomyalelo ibhanki ezintsha uKumkanikazi zadalwa: Ngezidwangube nabathengisi. ifunyanwe negalelo kuphuhliso amashishini kuBukhosi Russian. Kwakhona ebudeni bolawulo Elizabeth zithandwa wafumana esinakho Ucoco.

In imi--40-60. ngekhulu XVIII. ayenziwa mveliso. amashishini amatsha kwavulwa Irkutsk, Yaroslavl, Tambov, Ivanovo, njalo-njalo. D.

Uphuhliso Cultural of Russia

Ethetha kuphuhliso eRussia imi--40-60. XVIII leminyaka., Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele le nkqubo wezenkcubeko okwenziwa ngaphandle Elizaveta Petrovna. Iminyaka wobukumkani bakhe babeba impumelelo kwicandelo lemfundo, inzululwazi, ulwakhiwo zokwakha, njalo njalo. D. Oko ivela ngexesha Elizabeth yiEnlightenment iqala eRashiya.

Ummiselo uKumkanikazi zaye bahlela amaziko emfundo emkhosini. Ukongeza, isikolo ephakamileyo eyinkunzi e Kazan zavuleka. Ngowe-1755 yayisekelwe iYunivesithi eMoscow, yaye emva kweminyaka emi-2 - Academy of Arts.

ingqalelo Kuninzi ihlawulwe yasebukhosini lungiselelo uKumkanikazi zokuhlala. Kuba kwakhiwa i Winter Palace wezakhiwo Rastrelli of imvelaphi Italian, wamenyelwa. Kwakhona eliqeqesha i-Catherine Ibhotwe e Tsarskoye Selo. Kuye zaguqulwa kunye yokuhlala owayesakuba Peter I Peterhof kunye Strelna.

Ebudeni bolawulo Elizabeth eyasekwayo yokubonela yokuqala zoluntu Yaroslavl St Petersburg.

Policy Foreign ngeminyaka-1740

Njengokuba bekutshiwo ngaphambili, amazwe kunye zasekhaya Politika Elizavety Petrovny yayijoliswe ekomelezeni indawo gunya. Phambi ukufikelela yayo etroneni Russia bathatha inxaxheba imfazwe Sweden. Commander in eyiNtloko Army waqeshwa P. P. Lassi. Emva kokuba igunya, Elizabeth imikhosi Russian bakwazi ukufaka yonke kummandla Finland. iintetho uxolo phakathi kwamazwe amabini yaqala ngo-1743. Abathunywa abavela Russia baba Rumyantsev kunye I. Lyuberas. ISivumelwano Abo lwagqitywa ngo-1743. Xa ngokwemimiselo yayo, eRashiya uthatha phezu inxalenye Finland.

Russia e War the Seven Years '

Kule mfazwe, kuyo ezimbini umfelandawonye ka kwamazwe aseYurophu. Kwinxalenye yokuqala eNgilani baba, Portugal kunye Prussia, owesibini kuquka Austria, France, eSweden, Saxony, Spain naseRashiya. Elizabeth 1 yabhengeza bangene kwemfazwe ngo-1757 Oku kubangelwe lo mgaqo-Prussia, owaboyikisa umdla lwengingqi yoBukhosi Russian kwi aseBalti kunye Poland.

Eyona engundoqo iziganeko kweminyaka esixhenxe War

Kwiminyaka esixhenxe War - umgaqo-nkqubo yangaphandle ixesha Okukhulu xa imithetho Elizaveta Petrovna. Itheyibhile nemihla ezibalulekileyo ezinxulumene inxaxheba Russia kweli dabi, ithiwe thaca apha ngasezantsi.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba basebenzise iziphumo zezi zoloyiso yoBukhosi baseRashiya abazange baphumelele. Ngowe-1761, Elizaveta Petrovna wabulawa womqala ukopha. Wathabatha itrone Peter III. Wenyuka waya umfelandawonye umlawuli Prussia, waza wambuyisela onke emazweni.

impilo Personal

Phambi Ukuvuma etroneni, Elizaveta Petrovna useleganelwe Prince Charles-Holstein Gottorpskiyskim. Kodwa ekufikeni kwakhe eSt Petersburg, yaphathwa ingqakaqa wafa.

Ngowe-1731, Elizabeth 1, ekuqaleni ukuthandana kunye oyinzalelwane Dnieper Cossack Alexei Rozum. Ngokutsho iingxelo engaqinisekiswanga, ngo-1742 ukuba sitshatile. Ngexesha Alex igama elitsha (Razumovsky) waza waba mkhulu yenkosi.

Ekuqaleni-imi- 50 uKumkanikazi othandwayo entsha. Igama lakhe Ivan Shuvalov. Ku kakhulu indoda efundile, yena wayemthanda inzululwazi nobugcisa, kwaye zigcinwe ubuhlobo obusenyongweni uMikhail Lomonosov.

Unxibelelwano favourites eziliqela kunye nobomi zasendle uKumkanikazi wazala eninzi namarhe malunga imfihlelo yabantwana yokuzalwa. Emva kokufa Elizabeth yaqala ukubonakala abakhohlisi. Ke wathi ngokwabo oonyana uKumkanikazi. Lo mkhohlisi idumileyo waba Princess Tarakanov.

indlela yokuphila

Ababephila Elizabeth ibhiyozele ubuhlakani nobubele. Nangona kunjalo, ezi mpawu walichitha ngokupheleleyo ukonqena engaqhelekanga kwaye inkanuko nokuzonwabisa. UKumkanikazi wakhokela ngendlela evakalala yobomi, ngokufuthi basele iziselo ezinxilisayo. Ngu kwimicimbi yoluntu kwakunzima lingenandaba. nezifundiswa, Russian ukusuka wobukumkani Elizabeth waphawula ukuba ezinde phezu isiphelo woxolo kulala phantsi iinyanga zakhe ungatyikitywanga.

Ngaphambi nje kokufa uKumkanikazi yokoyika ayamkela ukuba wedwa. Wayesoyika ukulala yedwa egumbini. Ukongeza, yena uhlala ecinga malunga nabadla impindezelo abantu batyakatywa okanye wathumela imiyalelo yakhe eSiberia. Wonke ebusuku Elizaveta Petrovna eyayibanjelwe kumagumbi ahlukeneyo komkhulu.

iziphumo

Elizaveta Petrovna waba phezu kwetrone iminyaka engama-20. Nangona indlela evakalala yobomi ukungakhathaleli kwimicimbi karhulumente, ngexesha lokulawula kwakhe ngothotho iinguqu kunye nempumelelo zenkcubeko. Kukho ezi mpawu zilandelayo ze-nkqubo ka Elizabeth.

1. lokuqala Inqanaba wokulawula uKumkanikazi kuphawulwa iinguqulelo okuqhubekayo. Noko ke, sele 50 kumgaqo-nkqubo ka-Elizabeth 1 abavelayo igcinwe iimpawu. Ngeli xesha, mandundu kakhulu imeko abalimi, zaye kungqinwa kwimvukelo.

2. nkqubo Prodvoryanskaya ukwandisa amalungelo akhe.

3. Kwi-nkqubo angaphandle yayisonganyelwa kumda wesangqa Koloni. Ngokutsho iziphumo imfazwe Russia kuyinxenye olubekwe of Finland.

4. Uphuhliso yenzululwazi kunye nenkcubeko. Ukususela kulawulo luka-Elizabeth, kwakubhalwa amanyathelo kuqala umendo absolutism bakhanyiselwa.