UNikolai Novikov - nombhali, intatheli kunye notitshala. Oyena ndoqo endleleni yobomi Nikolaya Novikova

Wenkulungwane elinesibhozo kwimbali yelizwe lethu waye esisityebi kumagama abanetalente yabantu owenza imbali lihamba yiEnlightenment kwicala iimfundiso. Omnye Umntu onjalo yaba intatheli eliqaqambileyo original, umbhali kunye utitshala UNikolai Novikov.

Cinga biography kunye nomsebenzi iphambili yale iinkcukacha ndoda ngakumbi.

Izigaba biography: ubuntwana, ulutsha, iminyaka yokufunda ubomi

Novikov uNikolay Ivanovich wazalelwa eMoscow, xa ilifa ngabazali bakhe Tikhvin-Avdotyino, ngo-1744. Usapho lwakhe usuka kwintsapho amanene.

Childhood Nicholas kwenzeka phantsi kweemeko ikhaya cwaka, utitshala yakhe yokuqala yaba sexton lali. Kamva, le nkwenkwe wangena Moscow iindwalutho kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, ukusuka apho yena zapheliswa 1760 for "sobuvila".

Emva basuke esikolweni UNikolai Novikov akazange abalibali buhlungu, waza wachitha ixesha lakhe simahla ukufunda iincwadi. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, ngowe-1762, Wacela kwi yodumo Izmailovo webutho. Ukuba a random ilungu kombuso ibhotwe, nto leyo ikhokelele ekubeni ngamandla kweli lizwe weza n Velikaya, Novikov kwenziwa ligosa ummiselo omtsha ukumkanikazi.

UCatherine wafumana umsebenzi ufundile kakuhle funda mfana. UNikolai Novikov kwahlanganiswa inani zamasekela, abathe bayalelwa ukuba asebenze kwiprojekthi ikamva ngurhulumente ikhowudi umthetho. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba UNikolai Ivanovich iqikelela kakhulu malunga nomsebenzi wakhe ezintsha yonke imikhosi bafuna ukuzuza iLizwe loobawo.

ubuntatheli

UNikolai Novikov wangena imbali Russian njengoko intatheli zinetalente umshicileli. Ngowe-1769 wayishiya umkhosi yaye yasungula iphupha lakhe: a umbhali (kunye nootitshala ezininzi) wayekholelwa ukuba ngokunxibelelana abantu ulwazi ekunene, uyakwazi ukutshintsha uluntu ukuba ngcono. Njengesixhobo ekulweni, wanyula uvuthondaba.

Novikov sipapasha iimagazini eziliqela. Baye ngokuba "moya", "isipaji", "opeyintayo", "Chatterbox". Ezi mpapasho Novikov wayezama ukwenza intlekisa kulo lenkolo ixesha lakhe; wakhuthaza utshintsho kwimfundo kunye nemfundo, wabonisa ngayo iintsilelo serfdom, intswela kunye nokungalungi. Idla ngokuba yimilo soft kwaye wagxeka nezenzo abasemagunyeni '.

abachasi bakhe iimagazini ndawathatha bumilo yento ngokunxulumene kushicilelo esemthethweni "Iintlobo ngeentlobo", nto leyo oxhaswa ngokubonakalayo uCatherine Omkhulu.

Ngokwendalo, iimagazini epapashwe Novikov, ivaliwe ngabasemagunyeni ngenxa yezikhundla zabo ngenkalipho ezizimeleyo.

imibhalo zokufundisa

Ubukhulu becala ubomi bakhe kwafuneka enze UNikolai Novikov, biography of umntu - yokuqinisekisa ecacileyo.

Ayaziwa UNikolai nendlela eliqaqambileyo notitshala. Wabhala imisebenzi emininzi, zabhekiswa abazali nootitshala. Kuba, njengokuba umthetho, imisebenzi journalistic kunye nemisebenzi ezikhethekileyo ngumbhali pedagogy.

Enyanisweni Novikov kudala ithiyori yayo zemfundo ezisekelwe kwiimbono wokukhanya nobuntu. Uyaphika isiphumo zemfundo ukubetha abantwana, salatha isidingo sokuba abazali ukunikela ingqalelo engakumbi kwimfundo isizukulwana ukuba bathande abantwana babo, ukubafundisa ulwazi iingqondo zabo, umphefumlo - imizekelo onesidima.

Novikov ingakumbi omela imfundo yokuziphatha kwaye bekhulisa isizukulwana esitsha entsatsheni ezikolweni. Yena othetha imfuneko ukwala ukutshintshwa abantwana elulawulweni tutors njengomqeshwa kunye nabakhonzi, kwakunye nemfuneko yokuba ukufikelela okulinganayo kwimfundo ukuze amakhwenkwe kunye namantombazana.

lifake Masonic

Novikov UNikolai Ivanovich wayelilungu le-Lodge Masonic - intlangano enamandla ngasese, eqhelekileyo kuloo minyaka eYurophu eRashiya.

Ngokuba okokuqala kwintlanganiso Freemasons Novikov ngowe-1775 - oko kwatsala ingcamango wokukhanya, ukuhlonipha ukuziphatha, ngeminqweno emihle ekudalweni umyalelo omtsha yoluntu.

Kuthathwa ukuba ivenkile yoshicilelo kwiYunivesithi Moscow, Novikov wadala Bulelani inkxaso neengcibi nabo. Iimbono of Protestantism kunye Freemasonry inokulandwa kwimisebenzi emininzi zombhali.

Entolongweni kunye neminyaka yokungahoywa

Kwaba imibono yakhe Novikov ubunzima.

Ngowe-1792 ngokwemiyalelo uKumkanikazi, wabanjwa kwaye ibekwe Schlisselburg enqabeni. Macala umbhali lubonise ukuba Wayaneka lamaProtestanti eyimfihlakalo kunye Masonic iincwadi ngaphezu iingqondo bedidekile ababephila ngexesha lakhe.

Kukho ingcamango-mbali, njengoko apho yindlalifa kwitrone - unyana ka-Paul uKumkanikazi - uvelwano kwiingcamango Freemasons kunye livelana Novikov, ngoko unina wakhe wasebukhosini ngqongqo kakhulu ngokubhekisele yombhali.

Hi ndlela leyi, ngoko nangoko emva kokufa Mother Pavel Novikov kukhululwa inqaba. Noko ke, yena, ngenxa wokwamkelwa kwakhe, ilahleko impilo entolongweni. Ngokuthanda, wayishiya indoda endala ababuthathaka owayefuna into enye kuphela - uxolo zisabonakala.

UNikolay Ivanovich Novikov, ogama biography lizele amahla-ndinyuka, waphila eseleyo iminyaka yakhe ekhaya yabazali, ukukhathalela abalimi kunye ukuphila ubomi cwaka. Wafa ngowe-1818 waza wangcwatywa kwilifa lakhe.