Entlango Arctic

Far North Asia nakumNtla Melika ahlale entlango arctic - indawo ongaphiliyo zizityalo ezincinane kakhulu, ibekwe ikhephu ngumkhenkce. Ezi namathafa ke uphawu uninzi kummandla eGreenland Canadian Arctic Archipelago kunye nezinye iziqithi ye-Arctic Basin kunye iziqithi ekude kufuphi nonxweme Antarctica.

Imozulu yale ummandla wendalo ngengqele arctic. Ubusika mide kwaye kakhulu (komndilili weqondo lobushushu - -10 ukuya 35 ° C) kunye ehlotyeni amafutshane kunye ebandayo (0 ... + 5 ° C). Winter kulawula polar ebusuku, leyo, kuxhomekeke ngama, isusela iintsuku 98 ukuya kwiinyanga ezintandathu. NgoJuni, ngexesha elifanayo xa kuqala ngomhla polar, entlango arctic ngokucotha kuza ebomini - intwasahlobo kufika. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ilanga likhanya imini nobusuku, imihlaba Sukugcina cm nje ezimbalwa. Ngeli xesha elifutshane ngexesha apho ubushushu HIV, yiya ikhephu kuphela iinxenye ezincinane kwimihlaba Amathafa kwaye unamatye.

Ehlotyeni isibhakabhaka akufane ecacileyo; ngokuqhelekileyo kuba amafu ngokunika imvula elide (eyimvula, ikhephu rhoqo). Ngeli xesha, umhlaba badla lisibekele quba eveliswa komphunga amanzi avela kumphezulu kolwandle. Phantse yonke ukufuma komoya ihleli phezu kwamanzi, hayi emoyeni ngenxa yemeko ephantsi kwelanga kunye namaqondo asezantsi, kwaye akukho seeping emhlabeni zibambene.

Ngokuba lo kwizowuni yendalo luphawulwa ubulembu crustose, ulele zihlale apha naphaya kubomi emntla. Imimandla ugqunywe izityalo - uhlobo lwe enamanzi embindini ezibandayo nekhephu, uphile kwintlango arctic. Apha uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana abameli zezityalo kweentyatyambo: saxifrage, foxtail kunye nezinye okuziinkozo, buttercup, poppy Arctic, cranberries, sedges. Akukho imithana kunye ulele, ubulembu kunye neentlobo herbaceous aziyo kuligquma oluqhubekayo. ukuphakama Plant azifane idlula-10 cm, ngokuba umoya obandayo itshiswe ezweni arctic nasezantsi ezishushu kakhulu. Ubalekile izityalo umoya acofiweyo ematyeni wahlala misinga, xa engenamoya nasemiqhokrweni yeengxondorha kunye nezinye ukuphakama kwendawo, phezu ntsi kwamaxandeka sesichengeni esemazantsi.

kwizilwanyana ezingahlali yale ndawo yendalo bangamahlwempu kakhulu. Ulikhaya iimpungutye, Lemmings, kunye amabhere. Ehlotyeni kukho "rookeries ': eze yokwakha eider, guillemot, sandpiper, kittiwake, fulmar, guillemot, irhanisi kunye nezinye iintlobo. Okunye zizityebi izilwanyana zaselwandle.

zone entlango Arctic yaseRashiya ezantsi ufikelela ngama ka Wrangel Island kunye nasentla luxhomekeke ekubeni kwiziqithi Franz Josef loMhlaba. Iquka i Franz Josef Land, Novaya Zemlya (North Island), New Siberian Islands, Severnaya Zemlya, Wrangel Island, inxalenye esemntla ye Taimyr Peninsula kunye neelwandle Arctic ukuhlamba kwezi nkalo komhlaba. kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni iziqithi ezininzi - ezi esemazantsi caba kunye neendawo kwelizwe - iintaba ukuya ku-1000 m kunye aphakeme. umgca Snow kula ezinezinga esezantsi, ngoko inxalenye enkulu ziziqithi ezininzi ekuhlala zomkhenkce (ukuya kwi-85% kwi-Franz Josef Land). Isikakhulu ezihambayo elizwekazi n'ekiweebwayo elwandle uzaphule, ukwakha kwazo. On komhlaba, ice-free, yande permafrost.

Permafrost, ihlobo ezibandayo kunye elifutshane kunye nezityalo ezincinane ukudala iimeko ezimbi inkqubo lomhlaba-bokwakha. Ngoko ke, umhlaba kummandla kummandla ophantsi-amandla endalo, elulwalwa, amahlwempu.

Noko ke, nangona ngokuncipha kakhulu zomhlaba kunye nezityalo, intlango arctic eRashiya luphawulwa utshintsho ukwakheka uhlobo kwicala latitudinal. Ngokwezowuni ngasentla uphawuleka luluntu utyani-moss ukuba indawo sisazama kumzantsi ityholwana-moss. Ekupheleni komzantsi common arctic entlango uhlobo ityholwana-moss efanayo, kodwa iqweqwe ityholo libizwe.