Ngaphambi sifumanisa apho ubomi Tats, kungakuhle ukwazi ukuba ungubani na. Zisuka nje, kuyimfuneko ukuba ucacise ukuba igama elithi "Tats" ekuqaleni wayemele ethnonym. Oko kukuthi, akukho igama ebantwini, uhlanga, isizwe. Kunoko, eli gama lwentlalo.
term social
Tatami Turks kwizizwe ungenzi nto, lo gama ebonisa yokuphila kunye nesikhundla yabantu eluntwini. Yaye nje bahlala izizwe oyiswe kubo. Ngoko ke, lo gama lika ngabeka. Kamva, baseTurkey, ibinzana elithi "ezinalo" kwakuthetha umntu enkonzweni. Ngoko ke, ukuba bathi ukuba kukho Tats yesizwe, oko kusweleka ugcino. Ngexesha amaxesha kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, eli gama liye amaxabiso ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yoko, kumaXesha Aphakathi ekuqaleni bonke abantu Central Asia kunye noMbindi Mpuma, esithi ulwimi Iranian ebizwa tatami. E Iran, eli gama lisetyenziswa izizwe ungenzi Iranian abathetha.
Abaninzi Ubuzwe
Lahamba ixesha, kwaye abantu yaba uhlanga. Kule mihla ibinzana elithi "Tats ubuzwe" ufunyanwa kuyo yonke indawo. Ngamanye amaxesha, phantsi kwelungiselelo elithi akukho inkcazelo ecacileyo uloluphi uhlanga. Nale mbono, okanye lula, okanye ngabom zonakaliswa. Ngenye indlela, ukuba uhlanga kwalo okanye iqela loluntu, namaPersi of Transcaucasia okanye iqela uhlanga Iran kaThixo, kucacile kwisihloko, ukuba apho kukho Tats, its kufudumele. Isikakhulu le backgammon esemazantsi. Kuxhomekeka kummandla ohlala kuwo, kukho abaninzi self-magama Tats - Parsi kunye lohidzhihon, dagly kunye namasela. isizwe nganye imbali yayo umdla. Abantu abadala, ubutyebi bembali. Sisihlandlo sokuqala tatah unxulumene, ngokutsho kwezinye mbali, ngexesha i Khazar Khanate, oko kukuthi, ukuba VII-X eminyaka. Tata ngokungaqhelekanga zahlukahlukene. Kumafa wayo, ukuba amaKristu (ikakhulu monofistov), amaYuda kunye namaSilamsi (US kunye US).
Akukho ukuvumelana
Iqela eyahlukileyo apha iquka Tats - amaJuda Intaba. Nangona ezinye mbali kubonisa ayinyaniso ngayo loo nto ayikwazi ukudibanisa ezi ngcamango, echaza lwezizwana ezahlukahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo. Intaba amaYuda, okanye givry - subethnos yamaYuda (igama ichonge iqela labantu abahlala oyimbumba kwaye yahlukile uhlanga iimpawu zabo encinane, kodwa uphawu ngenxa imbali yemfundo). Tata - abantu ubukhulu becala isizwe Iranian okanye namaPersi. A amaYuda Mountain - abantu, eshiya iingcambu kwelakwaYuda. Ngomhla kummandla Russia ngenkulungwane yokuqala XX amaYuda Mountain, ngenxa yokoyika intshutshiso ngezizathu zobuhlanga, owabhala ukhuko. Mhlawumbi oku kubangelwe ukuhlala kwezinye iindawo kunye nolwimi oluthethwa - kwaye Tats namaYuda Intaba wathetha ulwimi Tat de kufike weRiphabliki Azerbaijan. Ukunyaniseka, kukho bekusoloko ingcinezelo siyavumelana of amaYuda Soviet Russia. Ngoku, kwinkulungwane kamva, kuba abahlali Daghestan Tats, amaYuda Mountain - amagama afanayo, amagama ntonye.
AmaYuda, xa kuyimfuneko ukwenza Aliyah
Noko ke, xa, emva kokuba ngokutsha, amaYuda amaninzi abada kwilizwe lawo zembali, Tata Steel ukubonisa ukuba amaYuda Mountain. Ngoko ke, oko Badidekile nokuba mandundu ngakumbi, yaye nawuphi na umcimbi akukho ukuvumelana. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX kwacetyiswa ukuba Tats baka ukusuka Iran, kwenye indawo ukuya kuLwandle lweCaspian lisekhona phantsi Shapur II (309-381), Shahinshah wasePersi. Ke amaYuda abaye bafudukela apha Iran kwi AD ngenkulungwane V, bayamkela ulwimi Tat, kodwa bahlala bethembekile kunqulo lwabo. Ngokutsho kweminye imithombo, yamaPersi wabonakala Transcaucasia kwiminyaka 558-330 PK xa indlu Achaemenid, usilwa ookumkani bamandulo basePersi, walwa ngempumelelo imfazwe yokuphanga, ehlonyelwe intsimi ngokohlobo satrapies, okanye izithili emkhosini-zolawulo. Enye indlela okanye omnye, kodwa Tats - uhlanga, eshiya iingcambu zawo amandulo asePersi.
Hayi isizwe kakhulu ehlabathini
Ke inani aba bantu 350 amawaka abantu ehlabathini lonke, kukho iindawo apho kukho Tats, kwaye, nangona kungekho isivumelwano, ukuze enze ngaphezulu okanye kucace ngaphantsi ingcamango yokuba abo, kutheni nalapho ilungiswe. Kuzo zonke iindawo zehlabathi Ungafumana abameli olu hlanga, kodwa kukho iindawo ezithile apho Tats kuphila oyimbumba. Uninzi inani elikhulu bale qela ubuhlanga kude e Azerbaijan. inkulu Okulandelayo Tats eziphilayo - Russia, yabona buzinze kumantla Dagestan. Ukongeza, bahlala e Georgia, Turkey, yaye abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba Tajiks abe tatami lweengcambu. nabo bahlala kuloo mmandla kweli lizwe.
Inani elikhulu Tats abahlala e Azerbaijan
Makhe sibuye ku Azerbaijan, apho ubomi Tats kwamanani ngaphezu kwamanye amazwe. Njengoko sele kutshiwo ngentla apha, ngenxa yokuba lo mgaqo-nkqubo lukho ookumkani Sassanid ubukhosi (ngakumbi, Shapur II), Tats kwi kummandla Azerbaijan mihla evela Iran kuhlala Shirvan, ummandla yembali eCaucasus, nto leyo ifumaneka elunxwemeni elisentshona oLwandle lweCaspian kwaye lisuka ogudle iinkuku emazantsi yayo Derbent emntla. Uninzi abafakwa zizibiza kubuYuda. Kodwa Tats kwezi nkalo kufakwe lula kunye nabantu basekuhlaleni. Xa XIII lwaqhutywa Islamization kule hlanga. Kule 30 zenkulungwane yokugqibela, emva kokuba ukuqaliswa ingcamango yeqela Tats Azerbaijani ingqalelo ezininzi bona.
Ukuthanda ulwimi, kwenziwe ngokusebenzisa kwinkulungwane
Nangona nokwenziwa, ukwamkelwa olunye ulwimi, Islamization, yokoyika intshutshiso ngezizathu zobuhlanga, Tats kuhlala Azerbaijan yaye ngoku, kwisangqa elimxinwa ukunxibelelana "Tati". Ngaphezu koko, Azerbaijan yamkele umgaqo-nkqubo wesizwe ukulondoloza ulwimi. kwenziwa Published neencwadi zezifundo. Absheron, Khizi, Guba kunye Divichi - ezi iindawo apho bahlala Tats, awayekhuphe kuye kweza abantu abaninzi abadumileyo. Umzekelo, umqambi edumileyo Gara Garayev wathi yena ubheka kowabo Absheron, kungekhona Azerbaijan. Ndimele ndithi kweli lizwe luhlale elincinane kodwa evaliweyo ngokufanelekileyo noluntu Tats-amaYuda,, ngokutsho iinkolelo zabo, baba enye izizwe ezilahlekileyo abantu bakwaSirayeli izinyanya zabo, basiwe ngu uKumkani uNebhukadenetsare ngaphambi kwexesha lethu. Tats kwinani data ziyahluka kakhulu. Kunokwenziwa isigqibo ukuba inani lokwenene lingakulungele, kodwa inani yokwenene Tats kweli lizwe - kokubini amaSilamsi amaYuda - eziphakame wathi.
Dagestan - ugqaliselo i Tats eRashiya
Tata eRashiya bahlala Dagestan, nto leyo a republic beentlanga. izixa ezincinane nazo zifumaneka kwezinye republic zaseCaucasus. Iyonke eRashiya apho kukho 19.4 amawaka abantu. Kwaye Russia mpikiswano benawe kolu hlanga. Abanye bathi ukuba nonke nithethe i Tat ulwimi enxulumene kwisebe Iranian lweelwimi Indo yaseYurophu-, nto leyo isihlomelo New Persian, kufuneka kuthathwe ngokuba elinye iqela uhlanga, enye ayenzi uyavuma. Kukho kwinguqulo ngenkulungwane VI, emva kokuba kwezithandani le intshukumo e-Iran mazdakitskogo 15,000 bezithanga zathunyelwa ukwakha Derbent iinqaba kunye neendonga. kwiilali ezisixhenxe kuhlala zezi ntsuku tatami - Dzhalgan, Mitagi kunye Kemah, Zidyan kunye Bilgadi, Gimeydi kwaye ibekwe kumzantsi Rukel.
Isimo kwabantu bokuqala
Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, Daghestan Tats wafumana iwonga ezisemthethweni abantu unique abathetha ulwimi olufanayo. Noko ke, le ulwimi, ubandakanyeka yaseYurophu Indo-, kukho liye isitsotsi - ngasezantsi owasentla, leyo yenye lweelwimi zoncwadi kweli lizwe. Tata - isizwe (yasekuhlaleni lamisela-kakuhle abantu) nzima, ungenzi nto, ikakhulu abathatha inxaxheba kwezolimo. Yenani lilonke Dagestan umhlaba olimekayo kulinywa uninzi lwabo. abameli uhlanga basebenza nzima ukufikelela nasemaxandekeni, zizenza umhlaba ochumileyo. Ukongeza, bahlala apho Tats, ukuba basoloko into njenge iwayini-abalimi, abaphathi abanobuchule ulusu kunye iinkosi olukhulu imveliso neempahla zobhedu. Kangangexesha elide, indlela yabo yokuphila ngamadoda okanye polupatriarhalnym. Indima engundoqo edlalwa yi endala, bonke wathobela. Baba uhlobo iimpahla zigcinwe unanamhla esisityebi thandwayo. Tat intsomi ziqulathe amabali umdla namabali mfanekiso sidlule ukuxoxa kazwelonke. Kwintsapho abaziintlanga abantu Dagestan , eli qela uhlanga ithatha indawo yayo efanelekileyo, kwaye mpikiswano malunga ngubani na lo ezinalo yokwenene, iya kuqhubeka ixesha elide kakhulu.
Kwaye apho bahlala khona Tats
Ingushetia and Adygea, Kabardino-Balkaria kunye Karachay-Cherkessia, North Ossetia kunye Chechnya - oku lizwe, bahlala apho Tats eRashiya. Noko ke, amaqela amancinane kakhulu engekho ngaphezulu kwe-2-3 amawaka. Oku Kuhlala, nto leyo ithetha esitalini oluhlangeneyo uhlanga, inxalenye yabantu ngaphandle lizwe, ophilileyo nenze amasiko nezithethe ezweni labo. Yinto nje nabameli bezinye iintlanga eCaucasus azikho ingaqhelekanga. Omnye kumazwe Southern, apho Tats - Georgia. Azerbaijan, Dagestan kunye Iran - indawo awazalelwa kuyo Shiite Tats, kunye Georgia and Armenia - nakwiiriphabliki nababefudula Union, apho ubukhulu becala kukho Tats amaKristu. Kodwa ke uninzi lwabo bazijonge Armenia Georgians, kwaye bayazibuza kutheni kangaka abaninzi kubo kuthetha le nto ulwimi lwesiAzerbaijani.
Ukuba amaKristu - ukuba monofisty
Eneneni, ukuba ukulandelela ukuyilwa neentlanga kunzima, kubenzima ngakumbi, ukuba amaxesha amaninzi batshintsha unqulo kunye nendawo yokuhlala. Oku kusebenza uhlanga nje Tats. imbali yazo inzima kakhulu. Asingawo onke, ingakumbi non-iingcali baqonde indlela evela Iran, ungumYuda nje, ukuba Islam, ukuba bathethe ulwimi lwasekuhlaleni, lo gama kugcinwe inkcubeko yabo zivalele nabantu lwemveli, kunye novela bafudukele abamelwane ukuthetha ngexesha elifanayo ngolwimi Azerbaijani. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ucacise ukuba Tats zamaKristu becala monofistami. Kwaye oku nemfundiso zamaKristu imfundiso Archimandrite Eutyches waseConstantinople. Awunto yanto njengoko sisiphambusa, Orthodox, amaKatolika kunye iicawa ezininzi zamaProtestanti. Mhlawumbi yiloo nto, Tats neArmenia eGeorgia musa ukwahlula phakathi kwabo kunye nabantu jikelele. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ayisekho ingqikelelo "Tats ezintabeni" kwaphela. Kukho lali zazikumhlaba inxalenye weentaba Dagestan, apho ahlala, olu hlanga, umzekelo Rukel - kwilali ibekwe phezu kwamaxandeka entabeni ekuthiwa Dzhalgan. Kwelinye inqaku kuthiwa kwiilali nyulu Tat e Dagestan ngasekhohlo. Abemi zokuhlala ntaba phantsi ezinkqantosini, yaye abaninzi abavela kwelo lizwe.