Diethyl kaEtere - ukusebenzisa amayeza

Esters ka - iimveliso ukufaka Iperoksayidi atom iqela hydroxyl kwiindawo alkoholi okanye phenols carbon R olukhulu: R1-O-R2. Diethyl kaEtere - ifomula H3C-O-CH3. Kuba yoqobo Ester isomerism ezizizembiwa chain kunye metamerism. Lokuqala uhlobo isomerism ngenxa branched hydrocarbon chain. Metamerism - uhlobo isomerism apho ezimbini okanye Ester ngaphezulu unayo indlela efanayo eziphilayo, kodwa isakhiwo ezahlukeneyo eziphilayo, ngenxa radicals ezahlukeneyo kumacala omabini ioksijini "ibhulorho".

Diethyl kaEtere: ukufumana

Glycol zilungiselelwa ofana (ngokwendalo ukuba azenzeki zikarhulumente free). Ukuze nokulungelelanisa esters zingasetyenziswa ngeendlela ezininzi: i emzimbeni ka-alkoholi usebenzisa asidi izimbiwa, alcoholates sokuthatha kunye alkyl halogen. Dimethyl kunye methyl ethyl esters zombuso sukube, abameli embalwa ezayo - izisombululo, aphezulu - eziqinileyo. Esters of ayikaqondwa enyibilikayo emanzini kodwa lula organic izinyibilikisi, kunye nabameli avareji (diethyl iEtere, dipropyl iEtere, kunye propyl) - izinyibilikisi kakhulu organic. Iipropati Physical of iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke ubunzima eziphilayo. Diethyl kaEtere waba egalelwe i-oyile utywala, chloroform, benzene, iEtere, kunye okunamafutha. Xa iimeko yokugcina ukungathobeli Ester akhiwa kule khompawundi neziqhushumbisi kwaye linetyhefu - hydroperoxides.

Diethyl kaEtere ngawo amayeza. Isetyenziswa inhalation zomzimba. Olu hlobo lubonakala ngokuba zomzimba ngokukhawuleza excitation inyathelo (ziyanyuswa umsebenzi kwentliziyo, kwandisa ithowuni semithambo, iyasebenza catecholamine zinomgutyulo, uyazikhomba glucose landa igazi, pyruvic acid kwaye zincancise, ukuba secretory ezi Webhsayithi yaye umsebenzi lwemoto le lokugaya). Nceda uqaphele ukuba xa usebenzisa olu hlobo zomzimba kaEtere lwenzeka kancinci, ivame kakhulu kuyimfuneko ukuba bagcine umsebenzi onamandla lokwaneliseka motor. A zomzimba jikelele kunempembelelo ezininzi emzimbeni womntu (imisipha-relaxant, iintlungu kunye ezidakumbisayo).

Ester Action Local walibonakalisa njengoko ukukhuthazwa kwalapho, apho isigulane sifumana isiphumo kobubi. Kule nkalo, ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziswa ngaphakathi yinjini yokulawula motility esiswini, kunye ongama - kuba excitation le iphefumla reflex nokuphucula ejikelezayo. pair Inhalation Ester ukubacaphukisa yomoya elibanga reflex inhibition yokuqala ukuphefumla, ngoko yenza secretion unamadlala inyumoniya. Ngokuba okokuqala libe inhalation iintlungu diethyl kaEtere eyasetyenziswa ugqirha obalaseleyo Russian NI Pirogov, umseki kotyando asendle, ngexesha iCrimea beMfazwe (1853-1856 gg.).

Diethyl kaEtere ifumaneka lula ako kwiinwebu iphecana yokuphefumla, kodwa zomzimba epheleleyo iza mva nge chloroform. ukusebenza ezidakumbisayo kubonakaliswa kuphela inhalation ka-5-8% ethyl kaEtere umphunga kunye zomzimba ngokupheleleyo kwenzeka kwimizuzu 30 inhalation we-10% ye-mxube. ukusebenza zalo ichiza kwi iqela ukusuka 110 ukuya 150 mg 100 ml igazi nganye, ukukhubazeka sokuphefumla kwenzeka embindini 200 mg / 100 ml igazi. Iyonke letyhefu kaEtere zingabalulekanga. Ukuvuka zomzimba kwenzeka emva kwemizuzu 20-40 emva engasayi inhalation kaEtere, kodwa ungcangcazelise umzimba kuza kwiiyure nje ezimbalwa. Ngaphandle iphecana kaEtere zemiphunga kunye nezintso. Malunga nama-50% yemali iyonke kwazona emzimbeni ngexesha kwimizuzu yokuqala 30-60 emva zomzimba. Kufuneka wathi abanye ngayo iimveliso haydrolisis of diethyl kaEtere zinakho eyendayo triglycerides kunye nezinye lipids ukuya iintsuku eziliqela.