Derzhavin G. R. ode "Felitsa": Isishwankathelo kunye nohlalutyo noncwadi

Imbongi Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin (1743-1816 gg.) Yabhalwa kwi isimbo classicism Russian, ngelo xesha wawukwalela ahlanganise ode eliphezulu kwaye uvuthondaba kwimveliso mnye, kodwa kancinci kamva ngayo.

Imbongi wayevela kwintsapho iindwalutho mihlaba owayehlala Kazan. Rhode Derzhavins, njengoko kubhalwe yokugcina ngayo umbhali, lwaqala kwinzala uLord Bagrima ngubani ngokuzithandela, nonile kwi Duke Vasily II.

Enkondlo ubuchule Derzhavina bacule ikakhulu zimelwe: yoluntu, bulumko, uloyiso lobuzwe Anacreontic.

Derzhavin, "Felitsa": ubhala isishwankathelo

niche Yahlula yelungu bacule yoluntu, nto leyo abhekiswe i amagosa karhulumente anempembelelo: ngookumkani kunye nezidwangube. Kwaye enye abameli aqaqambe kule uhlobo lwesihobe yi ode ukuba "Felitsa" elifutshane nokuqulethileyo kuya kuthiwa thaca ngezantsi. Imbongi akayisungula kwi Russian uKumkanikazi uCatherine II.

Derzhavin waqala inkonzo Preobrazhensky butho of St. Petersburg, lo mzuzu ungqamene ekuqaleni umsebenzi wakhe zemibongo. Njengoko abaninzi nje kweminyaka engama-40, uye waqhubeka iintlobo zezithuba yoluntu kunye emkhosini, wada waba uthumo lasentsithelweni kuthinjwe Emelyana pugacheva. Waza yena wenkonzo General A. A. Vyazemskogo. Ngelo xesha abhale ode yakhe edumileyo "Felitsa". Isishwankathelo umsebenzi ubalisa ibali ezilumko ezilungileyo inkosazana Kyrgyz, ogama Felitsa. Apha esisebenza ngayo njengoko umlawuli enobulungisa, ummisimthetho kunye inkosi onobabalo.

Oda nokudumisa

Ukwenza ukuba lo mxholo: "Felitsa" isishwankathelo ", kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba umfanekiso bacule zakhe Derzhavin wathimba" I Tale of Tsarevich yeKhlorini "yabhalwa uCatherine II abazukulwana bakhe.

Le isithethe - ukubhala bacule laudatory emilise lokumkani bakhanyiselwa - kwaqhubeka kwaye Derzhavin, ndiboleka kwi University. Aba bantu baye wazibona lobukhosi umntu lowo uluntu yokunyamekela intlalo-ntle karhulumente kunye nabantu bayo.

Umsebenzi obonisa umzabalazo, sibhekiswe kakubi isikhundla sakhe wabathetheli abaphezulu. Bonke kufuneka bakhonze ezilungileyo Russia - oku yaba phawu lubalulekileyo bobuchule Derzhavin. Kungenxa kule ukumkani bakhanyiselwa , wabona amandla eza kulawula ngokwaneleyo lizwe enamandla efana Russia.

G. Derzhavin, "Felitsa": umbongo

Ode "Felitsa" bazisa uzuko ibonwe umbhali kunye nomvuzo nesisa ukusuka uKumkanikazi yena, ngubani podarovala snuffbox zakhe ezixabisekileyo ezenziwe ngegolide ecocekileyo kunye namaqhosha ngedayimani onke.

Kule minyaka ingama-80 Derzhavin akazange wayemazi kunye uCatherine II, umfanekiso wakhe wadala amabali ukuba ase- intando yakhe. Kodwa ke imbongi wayesazi abaninzi neqembu layo, phantsi ngokomlomo abenalo ukukhonza ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Xa ode umfanekiso enezigaba of uCatherine II kuhambisana ukugxekwa iingangamsha zakhe eyadini.

queen nenceba

Assistant ukudala master umfanekiso waba uxwebhu mandative ezibhalwe uCatherine II. Kule "Imiyalelo" lakhe yena wabhala nemfuneko ukunciphisa ezinye imithetho isigwebo sentambo, nto leyo idla ngokusetyenziswa xa esophula olungephi. Ngoko ke, Heroine wakhe Felicia Derzhavin wamnika imfesane ezifana nonyamezelo njengoko nobungangamela bakhe, uCatherine II.

Felitsa kwimveliso uzukisiwe yokuba sele uyekile utshutshiso abo waba nesibindi ukubonisa zonke iintlobo izithuko kuyo.

Oku kuchazwe ngokucacileyo ode "Felitsa". Isishwankathelo Executive sichaza ukuba ukususela imigca yokuqala ode banokufunda ngumlawuli Russian uCatherine II. Ngoko Derzhavin sisondela nomfanekiso walo kwindawo yokuqala, ngokusekelwe kumgangatho umntu azalwa nayo, kwaye wongeza ukuba imihla yakhe yokuqala eRashiya waqalisa ukulandela umkhuba kunye namasiko. Kulo mzekelo, le uvelwano baphumelela kakhulu kwaye ngoko yavusa ku izidwangube zakhe eyadini kunye nonogada. Kukho ubungqina bokuba ode iinyembezi wayichukumisa ukumkanikazi.

Derzhavin wabonisa amandla zoncwadi ezintsha kunye nabo lo ode yendumiso kunye ekuqaleni ezibubungqina obunokubambisa kunye uvuthondaba, yini na, kwaza ayamkelekanga. Felice Wise kunye nomfanekiso wakhe ezifanelekileyo baye bahlangana yi grandee zingakhathaliyo - "wohlanga". Kwintendelezo iSt uCatherine GA Potemkin, Count P. I. Panin, Iigrafu Orlov, Prince AA Vyazemsky, njalo-njalo. D.

Derzhavin kakuhle kuzo ukuze wamahlathi kwaba lula ukuqashisela ukuba abo kuthethwa nabo emsebenzini wakhe.

A uvuthondaba kwi kubanumzana

Uhlalutyo yoncwadi ode "Felitsa" uthi Derzhavin kunye uvuthondaba enzulu ugxininise zonke ubuthathaka zabo, izinto ezincinane kunye sivumelane. Abantu aHloniphekileyo anegama ayikwazi ukukhangela ngendlela engeyiyo hlobo. Ngokomzekelo, yena kuboniswe Potemkin gourmet kunye kudla owayethanda imigidi nokusela zokuzonwabisa. Orlov wayekuthanda ukuba ukudanisa fun kunye nokulwa ngenqindi. Panin, eshiya omnye ukwenza imisebenzi yabo, waya kuzingela nezinja. A Vyazemskij ukukhanyisela ingqondo yakho ufunda "Menzeni mkhulu kunye Polkan," njengoko wayeqhele walala phezu eBhayibhileni.

Siza kuqhubeka isifundo isishwankathelo ode. Derzhavin "Felitsa" yoqobo kunye ngokungafihlisiyo kakhulu osondeza umfanekiso lombhali emsebenzini. Ngokucacileyo nangokunyanisekileyo, wabhala wathi: "Ukuhlala ekhaya, mna eneqhenqa, edlala isidenge kunye nomfazi wakhe ...".

bacule Siya- kunye original kakhulu isoya oriental, njengoko ibali egameni le-Tatar lakomkhulu, wada wabhekisela kwisixeko esempuma, Kashmir eSmirna kunye Baghdad. Siphela kunye ode waya isithethe kunye nesimbo eliphezulu laudatory.

Derzhavin e ode yakhe uthelekisa kolawulo uCatherine II, nto leyo idala inani luncedo ukuba imeko imithetho Great, isimilo ezingekho ngenkohlakalo angabi eRashiya ngexesha Anne Ioannovne ekuthiwa izihlandlo Biron.

Felitsa umfanekiso kwi bacule ka Derzhavin "Felitsa" "grandee"

Emva "Felitsa" apho bamdumisa ngonaphakade Derzhavin, imbongi uqala ode "indoda enkulu." Apha kwakhona, ulwakhiwo lusekelwe kwiinqobo ezimbini - laudatory kunye satirical. Kodwa ukuba "Felice" waba ekuqaleni ngakumbi HIV, uvuthondaba hilarious kunye ukuhleka kankosi, lo ode "grandee" nto nje ubenesahlulo esahlukileyo okulungileyo nokubi. Udumo encinane kakhulu - kuphela ekupheleni, ukhathazeke kakhulu ngokubhekiselele PA Rumyantsev. Uninzi zinkulu kakhulu uvuthondaba enomsindo. Heard Ukujala umbhali yokungakhathali kubanumzana nombulelo Lezwe wakhe. Oku imisebenzi eyahlukileyo kakhulu kwinkulungwane XVIII. It derzhavin ezimbi imeko yabantu bakhe kunye nezifundo bathwaxwa ngamagosa criminally lingenandaba, kwi ulwamkelo apho umamkeli efolisiweyo iiyure ukuhlala silinde ukuba abaphulaphuli kunye nomphathi kunye nomhlolokazi umntwana ezingalweni zakhe, kunye nejoni elimele.

isiphelo

Ngoko ke, sihlaziya isishwankathelo ode. Derzhavin "Felitsa 'yaye' umntu omkhulu" - yinto isibheno uvuthondaba, leyo intwana encinane kamva, ngenkulungwane XIX, Gogol kwaphindwa kumsebenzi "I Tale of Captain Kopeikin" kunye Nekrasov kwi 'Reflections ukusuka kwevaranda ngaphambili. "

Siya kuyivuyela ubuchule kunye kamva waxelisa enkulu ezihlangwini zakhe, A. S. Pushkin kunye Decembrists kf Ryleev.