Yintoni umlando

Etyhila umbuzo ukuba ingxelo, kufuneka wathi yena, ukuba imbali ebhalwe of Russia yamandulo, i ngesandla nasemagumbini imibhalo zibonisa iziganeko ngokulandelelana kwazo.

La maxwebhu umdla mbali, iingcali zeelwimi, ethnologists kunye zeelwimi, ngenxa yokuba umthombo ekufundweni minyaka idlulileyo, enkosi siyakwazi ukwazi iziganeko eselekhulile ethile, kwakunye ulwimi, inkcubeko kunye namasiko obuzukileyo. Ukongeza, ngenxa yokuba imbali yabo mihla kubhaliweyo.

Zemihla Rus yamandulo ebhalwe njengomntu ngamnye (Nestor zakomkhulu), kunye namaqela yonke (Ipatyevsky sigodlo). Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, nasemagumbini zembali khange abasalayo lokuqala, lukhona apha iikopi umthombo awo.

Uxwebhu endala eRashiya ithathwa ngokuba "I Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka", eyabhalwa e Kiev ngo-XII leminyaka. abaqulunqi lo msebenzi ukuba uchaze iziganeko zembali ezenzeka kuyo amandla. Ide chroniclers ngenkulungwane XVII zaye zabhalwa yoonongendi yaye yonke iNkundla njengenkosana iincwadi. Lo msebenzi bafumana abantu bahloniphe kuba bekukholeleka ukuba inegalelo ekudaleni zililifa enkulu zenzalo.

Nicinga ukuba irekhodi enjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba igama lakhe yena siyakrazula amagama "Ehlotyeni ...", eqala ibali zonke. iirekhodi ezo ngokuthe oluqokelelwe nasemagumbini, leyo zahlulwe ngokweendidi ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo yabo kulungiselelwa okanye iziganeko (Kiev, Pskov, Novgorod kunye nabanye). Bonke amabinzana ezahlukeneyo kunye nokukhethwa ndaba, kangangokuba, ngokuhamba kwexesha, lize ke lahlulwe ekuthiwa ahlukumeze.

Kronike zaye zabhalwa ezininzi izixeko zamandulo, eliyinhloko leyo kuthathwa ukuba iya kuba yile ilandelayo:

1. Uluhlu Laurentian (imvelaphi ayaziwa) - lichaza imvelaphi i Kievan Rus 'kwaye ichaza ubukumkani Prince Vladimir. Uninzi umxholo wayo uthi "I Tale of adlulileyo Years".

2. Nestorovsky okanye Khlebnikov uluhlu (imvelaphi ayaziwa) - ichaza ubukumkani Alexander I.

3. Uluhlu lwe Radziwill (ezibhaliweyo kwinkulungwane XV) - kukho ezininzi ngemizekeliso, ngoko ngokuba ubuso. Ikopi yokuqala ngo 1716, yaye ngowe-1767 yanyatheliswa ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle ukulungisa.

Ngoko ke, ukwazi ukuba irekhodi enjalo, khangela yaqulunqwa ngayo. Ngoko ke, umthombo amaxwebhu encwadini minor iingozi amanqaku, aqulunqwe ngokulandelelana, kwakunye amavo ezahlukeneyo kunye neengoma. Zonke izinto ziye zaphunyezwa umsunguli kunye, ngokusekelwe nasemagumbini imbali ebhalwe.

Kuxhomekeka apho iziganeko Novgorod ngezikhundla, Kiev, Pskov zemihla ngemihla, Compostela-Volyn Chronicle kunye emntla-mpuma.

iincwadi Old Russian ngayo - ukuba zesikhumbuzo zembali ziye wasinda waza wadlala indima enkulu kakhulu nophuhliso lweZwekazi looMawokhulu. Kwaye nangona ngamaxesha abachasi imfazwe kakhulu ezitshabalalisile iincwadi Isitolo amafa nezigodlo, kunjalo kufuneka ithuba lokuba bafunde imbali iikopi ezenziwe evela kwimithombo yokuqala.

Noko ke, asingabo bonke iirekhodi olusemthethweni, abaninzi kubo amanqaku zabucala (umzekelo, xa ibali iphulo Prince uIvan Vasilyevich ukuya Ugra Ungafumana Vasiana). Kwakhona, abanye abantu baye benza inkonzo wookhokho babo, kunye chronographs - iziganeko Russian.

Ngenxa yoko, ukuze siqonde ukuba umlando onjalo yaye zadalwa njani, oko kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba namhlanje, enkosi kule amaxwebhu zembali noncwadi, sinawo umbono malunga nobomi, amasiko kunye nenkcubeko ookhokho bethu. Eli lifa kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphuhliseni uluntu namhlanje.