Chuvash enlightener Ivan Yakovlev: engobomi, ubuchule kunye umdla facts

enlightener Chuvash Ivan Yakovlev wazalwa ngo-Aprili 25, 1848 kwidolophana intakumba-Cats Novotimbaevo in Simbirsk. Yena unyana a umlimi ihlwempu, kwaye besebancinane kakhulu, washiywa ngaphandle kwabazali. umntwana abaziinkedama yamkela usapho Chuvash Pakhomov kwakuloo lali.

kwiminyaka yokuqala

Le nkwenkwe unethamsanqa ukufumana imfundo, nto leyo kwixesha elizayo uya kumvumela ukuba ukuqala kuphela umsebenzi, kodwa ukufundisa uluntu kummandla iVolga. Ngo ngo1856, le nkwenkwe waya kufunda kwisikolo kwidolophana ekufutshane kwisithili Buinsk.

Ivan Yakovlev efika umbulelo apho nemimiselo ekhutshwe arhente ethile linoxanduva imfundo kweenkedama amafama. School Agricultural sagqitywa ngowe-1860. It Ivan Yakovlev yaba umfundi ilungileyo. ubuchule Natural kunye neetalente wamvumela ukuba afike esikolweni yesithili kwisixeko lephondo Simbirsk, uze apha kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo yasekuhlaleni.

Nolwazi kunye nenkcubeko Chuvash

Yakovlev kwaba abahloli eklasini. Emva kokuphumelela kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, wasebenza iminyaka emine okukhethekile zabo kwi-ofisi ethile Simbirsk. Ukuba merschikom emaphandleni, oselula Ivan Yakovlev waya lweenkobe nje kuphela, kodwa ke asebumelwaneni Kazan kunye kwiphondo Samara. Zohambo awangeni ilize. Ukutyelela elalini kwaye ukwazi abantu balapha ngcono eyaziwayo ubomi unocanda, inkcubeko kunye nobomi abemi kummandla iVolga, phakathi kwabo kwakukho Russian, nangezinto, Chuvash kunye Mordovian.

Ngelo xesha ehlabathini le Yakovlev oselula, baphenjelelwa ngamandla ngenxa izimvo ngokukhululekileyo i 60s. ngekhulu XIX. Ukulandela le iziyalezo, weza wafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba abantu bomthonyama Chuvash abafuna iMfundo, intshayelelo kwinkcubeko Russian kwakunye yokufunda ukufunda nokubhala. In iVolga kwinqanaba iphondo zokusasaza baso ephantsi kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa ingqukuva. Ivan Yakovlev wayekholelwa ukuba, ukwenzela ukuphucula ubomi Chuvash, akazange abe babhenele revolutions bamagazi kuphazamiseka zentlalo. Kwanele ukuba ukukhanyisela abantu lokuphinda inkcubeko yabo.

utitshala

Ukufezekisa isicwangciso Yakovlev wakhe waba ngosikhaphela ukuze bafumane imali. Noko ke, lo msebenzi wayengekho msebenzi wakhe uphambili. Imali evela isifundo uqala utitshala waqalisa ukuchitha kwi umbutho kunye nesiqulatho lesikolo abucala abantwana Chuvash.

Kweli nqanaba yokuqala, engundoqo umhlobo kunye nogxa utitshala waba countryman yakhe Aleksey Rekeev. Yena kwabelwane ngezimvo nokulindelekileyo lowo Ivan Yakovlevich Yakovlev. Biography of ootitshala lubonise ukuba umnqweno wabo ukuze bafundise abantwana abavela kumaphondo wayengekho nje banegugu okwexeshana ulutsha - na ngokwenene ezinikele kule injongo ebomini babo.

abalandeli

Yakovlev ngenkxaso ebalulekileyo kulya Ulyanov - umhloli lezikolo zikarhulumente kwiphondo Simbirsk noyise Vladimir Lenin kaThixo. uncedo lakhe negalelo ekwandeni utitshala abatsha esikolweni. Ngowe-1870, Ivan Yakovlev waphumelela uqeqesho esikolweni samabanga aphakamileyo, wafumana imbasa yegolide. Emva koko waya ukuqhubekeka nemfundo yabo kwiYunivesithi Kazan. Ngexesha engekho kwi inkathalo esikolweni Chuvash iikulya Ulyanov. UMhloli lezikolo zikarhulumente wathumela incwadi yomfundi, iincwadi eziyimfuneko kunye nemali, kangangokuba ngokukhululekileyo akwazi ukufumana elithile.

Le yunivesithi Yakovlev wadibana unjingalwazi abaxhobela lwemveli, Nikolaem Ilminskim. thethwano zakhe oluneenkcukacha liyavunyelwa ukuba oonobumba omtsha Chuvash, wadala ngokusekelwe yemizobo Slavic. Ngaba imfuneko elide asemva sokuhlaziya yayo. Eneneni ukuba oonobumba endala, kusetyenziswa njengesiseko drevnebulgarsky ulwimi zamaTurkic iphelelwe, kwaye isetyenziswa kuphela inxalenye encinane yabemi.

lwe ABC

Ukuvela primer omtsha Chuvash Kungekudala ukuza. Le ncwadi yapapashwa ngo-1872. Le ncwadi kunye amabali abhalwe kamva Ivan Yakovlevich Yakovlev yaba sisiganeko yophuhliso inkcubeko yesizwe yabantu kummandla iVolga. Iincwadi ngokukhawuleza Utitshala umzuzile popularity and yathandeka ngokwenene. I yokuqala primer kwegazi ezimbini kupapashwa utitshala wakhe ngendleko zakhe. Utitshala isigqibo zamaqhawe akazange Akumangalisi kwabo ababemazi kakuhle.

A lot of umgudu, ixesha kunye nezinye izixhobo zokufundisa le nginginya bachitha Ivan Yakovlevich Yakovlev. Biography of lo mntu kuhle eqaqambileyo; kuba akukho namnye phambi kwakhe akenzi umgudu ukunceda uphuhliso Chuvash inkcubeko. Kwi-owuva ye-70 Yakovlev wanceda ulutsha nothakazelelo obutsha athe wathabatha na umsebenzi.

umhloli Chuvash yezikolo

Ngowe-1875, umfundi waphumelela kwiYunivesithi Kazan abanesidanga ku-History ne Philology. Ke kaloku, phambi kwakhe wavula amathuba amatsha ngokupheleleyo. Lo mfana waba umhloli, iliso ubume kwezikolo Chuvash kumaphondo iVolga. Indawo yakhe yokuhlala isigxina yaba Simbirsk, apho iziko yesithili yesikolo.

Kungelo xesha ukuba philologist kunye mbali yaqala ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo umsebenzi zemfundo zokufundisa. Yena lowo wayezele ngamaxhala, ezikhathazayo kunye ukungquzulana kakhulu kunye namagosa asekuhlaleni. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye esibalisayo sikarhulumente ngasinye Ivan Yakovlev malunga kunjalo ubomi bakhe endinomdla kuye abaxhasi abaninzi. Ezi azizange nje sympathizing abantu. Inkoliso yabo izidwangube zamanye amaphondo balihlutha mali kunye nempembelelo. Ubukhulu becala ngenxa yokuba utitshala wabo ndakwazi ukuma intloko yesikolo Simbirsk Chuvash. Isikolo ngokukhawuleza yaba isenzeko yasekuhlaleni. Isikolo ufumene ootitshala ezobuchwepheshe elizayo, ngubani ke ngoko waqalisa ukusebenza kwizikolo ezincinane, ukunceda abantwana Chuvash balahle lokungafundi. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amahlanu Simbirskaya School livelise ootitshala amawaka aliqela. Eli ziko lemfundo yaba liziko ebalulekileyo inkcubeko Chuvash kunye noncwadi.

imisebenzi zoncwadi

Yintoni kanye kanye Ivan Yakovlev? Biography ngumzekelo utitshala beloba umntu. Utitshala ashicilelwe rhoqo iincwadi ezintsha, iincwadi, yaguqulelwa ngolwimi Chuvash art, zonyango, ezolimo, kunye nezinye iincwadi. amabali ezithandwa kakhulu Ivan Yakovlevich Yakovlev abantwana. Eshicilelwe iingqokelela kunye anthologies, ngoko nangoko lasasazwa iindimbane. Indlu nganye Chuvash apho abantwana ndabondla, ezi ncwadi yaba reference.

Indawo esisodwa ilifa epistolary Yakovlev. Illuminator imbalelwano kunye buchopho, izazinzulu, iimvumi, amagcisa, iintatheli kunye nabashicileli. Iminyaka amahlanu wabhala malunga namawaka amabini ngamagama amakhulu. Ngoku ke bonke ixabiso kwimbali nenkcubeko. Enkosi kubo, uyakwazi kutsha iVolga kwiphondo XIX kade - ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX. Iileta kunye namabali Ivana Yakovleva ngokuphindaphindiweyo iprintwe eSoviet kwaye ngeliya xesha localu mihla.

utitshala Chuvash

Umgaqo enkulu katitshala yaba ingcamango yakhe ukuba inkcubeko Chuvash kufuneka ihlanganiswe kwinkqubo Russian, yaye nayiphi na imeko ukuba ukungena ungquzulwano kunye nayo. Yakovlev ingqalelo ukuba iimfuno izizwe umbuso omkhulu, yaye ngoko ke lorhulumente wenkqubo yobuSoshali ayikwazi nokubuza. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, kuzo zonke iintlanga, kungakhathaliseki iiyantlukwano zabo ubuhlanga kunye nenkcubeko, kufuneka uthathe indlela ezisingise kwindibano nokuqiniswa kwamaqhina phakathi kwabo.

Lo mgaqo kungcono kubonakala kwimisebenzi sikatitshala enxulumene yimfundo Chuvash. Yakovlev bakholwa ukuba abantu bajoyine i ubuKristu, kuba unqulo kungaba njengekhonkco elibalulekileyo phakathi kwamaqela ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ukuze wenze oku, Wajika wakhangela ulwimi Chuvash, eminye imibhalo yebhayibhile, kuquka iNcwadi yeeNdumiso kunye iTestamente Entsha. Kuba efanayo Ivan Yakovlevich ngexesha wadala oonobumba olutsha olusekwe kwi alphabet Cyrillic. Ukongeza, wayekholelwa ukuba kwakuyimfuneko ukuba balandele uluntu Russian kunye Chuvash bokwenene - ubomi, izithethe namasiko. Illuminator waqhubeka lokufundisa ukubhala iincwadi ukuya ebudaleni.

Wafa ngo-Oktobha 23, 1930. Namhlanje memory of Ivan Yakovlev yawongwa lonke kummandla iVolga, ingakumbi phakathi kwabantu Chuvash.