"Borodino endle" (museum-reserve): iindawo ezinika umdla, inkcazo

Nakule yeemfazwe naliphi na ilizwe baye emfazweni, eyaba senguquko. Kuba Russia kwimfazwe 1812 waba wesixhenxe senzeka ngoSeptemba Battle of Borodino.

Oku kwenzeka kwi entsimini enye alikhulu elineshumi ukusuka eMoscow ukuya entshona Mozhaisk.

impi Borodin Russian uNapoleon kaThixo woyisa yonke iYurophu ngoku umi iindlela eMoscow, kwaye kwasetyenzwa yenye ngamandla ukuba isiFrentshi babe nako ukuzifumana. Eli dabi abacimi yaba sisiqalo ngokoyiswa kuloyiso amabutho yotshaba.

History of indalo

Iziganeko ka 1812 ashiye uphawu yabo kuphela kwimbali Russian, kodwa yeembali lonke Europe. Yaye akumangalisi ukuba indawo apho kwakukho enye iziganeko awalithabathayo imfazwe, oko iguqulwe ibe sisikhumbuzo.

Into yokuba lo mhlaba kufuneka ukugcina igama layo kangangeenkulungwane, Russian wayeyiqonda iminyaka elishumi emva kokoyiswa uNapoleon. Ababhali-mbali bachaza maxesha indlela intsimi Borodino yaba imyuziyam.

Kutuzov ubuyeleyo oyintloko gofmeysterine Naryshkina kunye nemfuneko yokomeleza Russian aye alondolozwa. Wabhala ukuba ndimngcwabe le redoubts minyaka kuphela. Kwangaxeshanye, kuloo ndawo apho wafela bangamaqhawe Jikelele Tuchkov, oko waqala ukwakha yeCawa boMsindisi, emva yamashumi amahlanu amawaka wafa edabini.

lokufumanisa

Museum-Reserve "Borodino intsimi" busuka emva ukuya ku-Agasti 1839, unyaka. Kwangaloo mini, kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba loMlawuli Nicholas I -nxaxheba edabini phambi amajoni komgca stopyatidesyatitysyachnogo phaya kwibhetri Rajewski - engundoqo reference indawo yomkhosi Russian ngexesha edabini - phezu ndulana, ukuphakama litye lesikhumbuzo linikezelwa ngumzobi A. Adamini. Kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa ngaphambili, xa noseko lwalo wangcwatywa uthuthu of General PI Bagration - enye amaqhawe Borodino.

Hayi kude Lodge litye lesikhumbuzo kaThixo, eyenzelwe amajoni-amagqala yayakhiwe ngommiselo loMlawuli, ezibe ukugcina incwadi irekhodi eze kubona icebo lokulwa nokwamaxhoba wabashiya ngasemva ngakuye. Ukongezelela, kwakufuneka anyamekele ingcwaba monument Bagration. Ngoko ke museum "Borodino Field" yavulwa.

incazelo

Le lesikhumbuzo zembali ithathwa omnye omdala phakathi ngokusekelwe entsimini edabini. Ngowe-1961 kokuba uqambe kaRhulumente Borodino War and History Museum no Reserve, kwaye zibandakanyiwe xa kulungiswa izinto zexabiso kuluhlu bezenkcubeko elilifa yaseRashiya.

Ummandla wommandla akhuselwe - babengamakhulu omathandathu anamanci mahlanu ezikwere zeekhilomitha. Sam Borodino War and History Museum and Reserve - kwintsimi kwi ilikhulu elinashumi-nye square metres. m. Eyona nto ingundoqo kukubonisa, enyanisweni, endle ngokwayo, apho ngoAgasti, imikhosi kwiintsuku ezintandathu Russian eyayikhokelwa Kutuzov wawalwela eMoscow.

Le myuziyam ngohlobo lwalo yasekwa ngo-1902. It edibene kakhulu kwaye isigqibo engalindelekanga. INtloko w / d station "Borodino" bagqiba ukwenza i "Museum 1812", uyibeka kwelinye lamagumbi wesitishi. kweminyaka elishumi kamva, ukubhiyozela nobu - eminyaka ilikhulu emva kwemfazwe. Lo mbhiyozo kwenzeka ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. nokuba kukho kwakhiwa zodumo kukhunjulwa amajoni waziwayo kunye namagosa omkhosi tsarist.

Ezimashumi mathathu anantlanu ezikhumbuzo ebuyiselweyo naye wakha Shevardino redoubt. Yeyona sekomelezeni wokuqala ukufumana igalelo. Kuye ngokutsha kwaye yenye ukufikelwa.

Ukufumana apho

Ngena "entsimini Borodino" (museum-reserve) kunokwenzeka kwi imoto kwi emendweni eMoscow-Minsk. Ukusuka Mozhaisk kufuneka ukuya ngasentshona ukuya kwilali igama elifanayo, ngoko ajike ngasekhohlo ukuya lesikhumbuzo engundoqo.

Loliwe asuke Belorussky Railway Station. A ibhasi ukuza 'endle Borodino "(museum) ingaba ukusuka sikaloliwe" Victory Park "isikhululo ngenani ibhasi 457.

Kufutshane kumbindi ubhenciso kufuphi Spaso-Borodino Convent oxhobele yokupaka ekhululekile, wayefuna nje kuphela iimoto kodwa ngenxa shuttles uhambo olufutshane.

iziseko

Museum State Borodino Military-Historical wavula isebe yayo kwisixeko Mozhaisk. Le ndawo Local Imbali Centre kunye neNdlu wegcisa Gerasimov.

Namhlanje, imigudu ifomu lolawulo nokuphuhlisa iintlanganiso, yayiqinisekisa ukhuseleko mali. Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ukudala iimeko eziqhelekileyo ngenxa izinto ezingcwele, kuquka ezo kudandalaza evulekileyo.

umsebenzi

Omnye umsebenzi obalulekileyo namhlanje mlonyeni i "intsimi Borodino" (Museum), waba ngekawusi, ubhaliso kunye nokuhlela lwezinto eziqokelelwayo kuzo. Yiprayorithi yalo lesikhumbuzo zembali - mboniso permament. Enye into ebalulekileyo kukuba ukubuyiselwa ezikhumbuzo, izinto ezenziwe ngesandla, kuquka enokususwa. Le misebenzi kufuneka wenziwe rhoqo.

umsebenzi "intsimi Borodino" Kubaluleke kakhulu museum-reserve ebamb kunye nokuzalisekisa iiprojekthi, ezo zisekelwe kwakhona nokusekwa avuleke ngaphandle ezilahlekileyo ngaphambili, ukwakha kwabo, nokubuyiselwa, ulondolozo. Namhlanje ngenkuthalo bamsukela museumification iziza zembali neyezenkcubeko landscape, kwakunye ezikhumbuzo ngamnye kunye nezinto ezithe okwangoku bangena imyuziyam "Borodino endle."

izinto

Nolwazi iziza zembali yenkcubeko kufuneka ziqalwe kwi eponymous ngqo kwisikhululo sikaloliwe. Apha isikhumbuzo 190th edabini yavulwa kumboniso eyahlulelwe ukuba iziganeko kunye amaqhawe kwelo dabi. Oku kuquka ezinye izinto ezinefuthe kwiziganeko ka-Oktobha 1941 kule ntsimi.

Nangona kunjalo, lo mboniso ibalulekileyo myuziyam ise embindini wentsimi Borodino. Kuye kwavulwa egumbini kufuphi ibhetri Rajewski. Igama "Borodino - imfazwe nelamaRafa", lo mboniso uqhubeka kuphela neembasa ziyalungiswa ezinxulumene edabini odumileyo yokuqala. Apha, umzekelo, ungabona izixhobo kunye iiyunifomu lamajoni imikhosi Russian kwaye French, ngokunjalo nayo nemigangatho, izazisi zabo kunye namakhadi umvuzo.

"Endle Borodino" (museum-reserve) ubhenca ezininzi izinto zakho ze-nxaxheba edabini. Apha sile kunye nemifanekiso, ezo zidalwe yi amagqala kunye ngexesha leMfazwe of th-1812,

UMsindisi Borodino Convent

Emva lakhenketha Iziko leMiboniso kufuneka uye kuloo ndawo apho kanye kumi ibandla elincinane. Namhlanje, endaweni yayo lwakwakhiwa woonongendi Spaso-Borodino, kwintsimi elibamba imiboniso emininzi. Umzekelo, kwinkcazelo ubalisa ngezinto zakha "intsimi Borodino" (museum-reserve) ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, umsebenzi kwisibhedlele asendle, kwaphulwa kwisiza ukusuka ngoJulayi ukuya kuSeptemba 1941, njalo njalo

Umboniso Okulandelayo - "yokudlala ubugcisa Military" - umfanekiso omncinane buhlungu dilutes ezidlulileyo. Yena wayelithanda ngokukodwa abatyeleli kancinane. Amanani wamajoni iindidi zamaxesha yezembali, kwakunye ubeko ekhethekileyo, ebonisa omnye imifanekiso edabini, wenze amatakane iiyure wachitha phambi bumi.

Okwangoku, abafana omthandayo amajoni, abantu abadala ukutyelela refectory ye woonongendi Spaso-Borodino kwaye simazi yokuqokelela abatyebileyo Military Gallery. Makhe ye iinjengele kunye namagosa, corporals kunye namalungu eziqhelekileyo Borodino ... It ndawonye Gallery umfanekiso, nto leyo eye malunga asixhenxe nemiboniso zobugcisa.

"Intsimi Borodino" (museum-reserve) kwakungayi kuba loo ngaphandle kokuchaza igama Russian Classic Lva Tolstogo kunye, Kakade, esi inoveli "War Noxolo". Umbhali ngo-1867 ubulapha buqu. Wahlala kwihotele kufuphi ibandla, ukuqokelela izinto ngenxa kwincwadi yakhe elandelayo.

Namhlanje, iindonga owayesakuba inn zokuqeqesha, umboniso emxelela malunga Amaqhawe inoveli "War Noxolo" kwaye ukuthatha kwabo kweli dabi Borodino, kwakunye neendawo apho walwa Andrey Bolkonsky.

Kwindlu encinane kunye imyuziyam ngexesha elifanayo kuMama Owayephethe, ngubani na ehlabathini igama kaMagarita Mikhailovna (umhlolokazi General Tuchkov) kufuneka ujonge kwi embindini ukusungulwa yeli khaya of Mother Mary - ngunozala i Spaso-Borodino Convent.

Ekugqibeleni, wamema abakhenkethi ukuba aye kwi i uhambo kwi yokuhlala emkhosini-zembali "Doronin" - kwilali ekhethekileyo kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, apho ukusungulwa umlimi nobomi yomkhosi elo xesha. Apha, kungekuphela kubona kwaye ukwazi phi nendlela aphila ngayo amagosa kunye amajoni ngexesha lemfazwe ka-1812, kodwa ndeva ijoni yokwenene uhamba isidudu.