Boris Babochkin: biography kunye PIU

Ngokutsho Oleg Yefremov, Stanislavski wadala inkqubo yakhe ongafiyo, kunye nabantu abafana Boris Babochkin. Biography of umdlali, owazalwa ngo-1904 njenge kukwahlukana Chapayeva indima edlalwa kubo 1934, kwiindawo ezimbini: "phambi" yaye "emva".

ngeminyaka

Wazalwa Boris Andreevich Babochkin e Saratov 18.01.1904, usapho kaloliwe. unina womntwana wayengumfundisi esikolweni kwilali, apho wafumana imfundo yakhe ephakamileyo. Njengabo bonke ontanga kwiminyaka 13 waba lilungu Komsomol Boris. Kwaye kule minyaka 15 ndiqabele mna ndimdala - wabizwa laseMpuma Front of Civil War, apho wakhonza kwisebe yezopolitiko 4 Army.

Noko ke, umfana oselula ngaphezu inkonzo, zatsala yeqonga. Yena ngempumelelo iimviwo kwi Saratov drama yesikolo, funda indinyana kulo mbongo "iintsomi" Maksima Gorkogo. Lo mfana ngoko nangoko wathabatha kwikhosi yebanga. Kwaye ke intloko uAleksandr Kanin studio ingqalelo italente yakhe inyanga, wathumela Boris eMoscow ileta intshayelelo eya Nemirovich-Danchenko.

kokuba omdlali

E Moscow, lendoda waya, kodwa zange asebenzise iivoti. Endaweni yoko, wangena isifundo esikolweni drama "Young Master" yi Hilarion Pevtsova kunye studio Mihaila chehova. Yaba yeyokuqala, ngokutsho umdlali, ukuba usibekile isiseko esihle wesiseko yakhe yemidlalo yeqonga. Kwaye Hilarion Pevtsova Boris Andreyevich kuthathwa njengomfundisi wakhe. Kamva kwisithuba seminyaka 6 (ukususela ngowe-1921) Boris Babochkin indima yabo (kwaye kukho ezingaphezu kwama-200) zidlala kwiqonga Voronezh, Kostroma, Mogilev, Samarkand. Eli xesha ke ebizwa ngokuba.

Ukukhula sele ufikile ukususela 1927, xa umdlali ayidlalileyo iLeningrad Theatre of eKhwencayo. Ngaphakathi, kwaba sele ubuchule ezininzi abantu ababenaye msebenzi ubalulekileyo emagxeni. Babochkin umdlalo, ngqo, wenza ngo iifilim, wafundisa waza wabhala amanqaku edishini kumabala emidlalo.

Evumayo ngokwabo ngo-1927 ukutshata Boris Babochkin. Personal nomdlali ubomi oyedwa akuthethi efana inxaki kunye angaziwa ezininzi. Zonke Rares, xa athe wawa wamthanda ngumdanisi Katya, kungekudala owaba ibhabhathane. Emva koko wazala intombi Tatyana. Babochkin ntsapho encinane, kodwa abanobubele. Esi sibini wayemthanda abanye, intombi ngamnye yaye ehlonelwa kubo.

Kwenziwe utshintsho apha naphaya cinema

Ukususela ngo-1931, udlala kwi Pushkin Drama Theatre (ngoko ekuthiwa yaBantu House Drama Theatre), Boris Babochkin kwi yeqonga filimi iye ukubonakala ngakumbi. Njengoko zamkelwa lisebe abagxeki, badlala indima Sysoev ukusuka umdlalo "I Horse Lokuqala" Vishnevsky kwabangela ngayo le. Wabonisa abaphulaphuli ukulwa wohlobo, labavukeli kunye ngokuthanda uhlanga, welungelo looBawo kunye yotshintsho olululo. abagxeki theatre avumelana: umdlali best Petersburg wayekulungele ukudlala ngokwenene elikhulu-scale indima enkulukazi.

Phambi kokuba umsebenzi iphambili ebomini bakhe inani iindima vutshila umdlali abaphumileyo ukuba ukuthanda oko, ngokungathi ngokumenzela kwakhe ngendima yakhe kwixesha elizayo kakhulu.

szhivaetsya nzima isigaba zolinganiso kunye nkcukacha le movie. Eyokuqala kwakhe indlela Karavayeva nomkhosi alimwi kwi film "zidale." UMlawuli ifilimu uzama ukunciphisa ebekwe algorithm engqongqo Babochkin ukuzichaza ngokuyilayo. Awavukela, bengalwamkelanga-bhanyabhanya. Kodwa umsebenzi wakhe elandelayo - indima Makar Bobryk (ifilimu "Squad Kuqala" wayalela Sablina-Korsch) wabonisa ukuba umdlali sigaba unako ukumelana kinospetsifikoy oluvela nzulu kwaye ngocwangco umfanekiselo umlinganiswa.

Nikela abalawuli Vasilyev ukudlala film "Chapaev"

Famous lonke ilizwe eli umdlali wenza umfanekiso Chapaeva. Noko ke, kwakukho nomxokelelwane lonke ngamabona oko kwakhokelela ekubeni umdlali Babochkin Boris Andreevich wavuka indima lalingekafiki edume hlula alimwi.

Le tape lifanelwe mfutshane izimvo okhethekileyo. Little kwaziwa, ukuba bemeko- imovie script "Chapaev", abalawuli Vasilyev, echasene inkolelo ethandwayo, bona abazalwana - bona namesakes nje. Omnye wabo, Georgiya Vasileva, kumboniseli ifilimu, elisuke Classic, kunokubonwa kwi imeko White Guard ukuhlasela izangoma, uhamba kunye neentango, ifi icuba. Kwakhona ubone le nkosikazi yomlawuli yesibini. actress umfazi Sergeya Vasileva Barbara Myasnikov wadlala indima Anakie-umatshini-gunner.

Ukuzimisela ukuqhuba Babochkin Chapayeva

Ekuqaleni Boris Babochkin wasiwa kwi indima ngocwangco Vasily Ivanovich - Petka. On Chapayeva indima wathabatha umdlali eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo - UNikolai Batalov, kodwa yena kuxhotyiwe ngexesha bhanya lwesifo sephepha.

Boris A. ngexesha waba ubuchule umxhelo. Wonke umsebenzi wakhe yangaphambili nokwenza nto, eneneni, intshukumo phambili kuphuhliso kwetalente. Babochkin waphucula ubuchule bakhe ukuba ngokutsha. abawathandayo yakhe ngakumbi wamncoma izithixo. Wayebonakala ukuba ngokwakhe usaba imida ingqondo yemveli.

Yifilimu lomahluko alimwi umdlali bachukumiseka undoqo, ngenxa yobomi zawo kwaba Boris ngokwakhe Babochkin kwiMfazwe Civil walwa kumkhosi efanayo kunye beqhawe: igosa lezopolitiko elisebenzele kwesakhe ecaleni 25 Calvary Division. Ngaphezu koko, umfundisi yezopolitiko Babochkin kwinkonzo bakhe bathetha kubaphathi: kukumthetheli-mkhosi Avksentiev, Chief of Staff Makarov wayesazi buqu zonke iintloko kwisahlulo zomkhosi ... ngaphandle Chapaev. Vasily Ivanovich ngalisayo, zange sazane, kwaye zange liphinde libonwe kwakhona.

Boris Babochkin wazivela ubuqili yobomi kunye nenkonzo ezintlwini. Yena, uzenza trooper onamava akwazi prance zikhwele emahasheni, kunye chic emkhosini ukunxiba iyunifomu-Calvary wanxiba ikepusi yakhe kangangokuba wahlala kwezinye ngendlela ongaqondakaliyo, umbono zobuqu zimelwe isigama kunye nomsa konarmeytsev.

Oku wamnika ithuba ku tiva elishicilelwe ifilimu kungekhona intsomi sobugorha, kunye oopopayi, ukufumana abo kumsonto omlingo ezo umendo-iindlela ezikhokelela ekubeni intliziyo kumbukeli.

Ukususela umse- - a Commander Divisional

Mhlawumbi yiloo nto, ekuqaleni bazama ukudlala eyedwa Petka wakhe, zolinganiso benze utshintsho ezingunaphakade emilise ngocwangco (oogxa ebizwa ukuba ukukwazi ukwandisa indima amacandelo lincinane ndikunyibilikise sihlolisise elowo ezonakalisayo). Vasilyev phikisana naye ada icule.

Le amabutho ukungalingani: yonke ezimbini sibhekiswe ngokuchasene weqonga enye. Boris Babochkin babengavumelani. Wema amasimi akhe: play kufuneka ezahlukeneyo. Kwenye onjalo mpikiswano bokuyila, yena ngesiquphe guququ yokuvele cwaka waya egumbini lakhe lokunxibela.

Vasilyev bajongana Bancwina, nisingasinga ingxabano iphumelele, kodwa ikhona. Ezi kwemizuzu embalwa kamva, kakhulu ngokungalindelekanga weza zolinganiso restive, kodwa makeup Chapaev. Waqondisa Mfanekiso kuphela webhali kunye nokufana isici. iintshukumo zeplastiki Kwakukuhle Babochkin-Chapaeva, ngokomoya yakhe. Umdlali wathetha ebeka ezimbalwa uchaze - kwaba ngaphezu ekholisayo.

Ngokufutshane ukubaluleka kinoraboty Babochkin ngo "Chapaev"

Indima Petka nangoko kudlule Gudkin zolinganiso uYakobi, owathi kamva endaweni Leonidom Kmitom. Emva koko, ngokuvumelana abalawuli, "ikhadi waya ngokugqibeleleyo."

Kubonakala ukuba eli nyathelo lakho lokuqala Chapayev - sicelo ukungxama of make-up kunye ngokutsha ngokukhawuleza kwi Divisional Commander - endangena ngunaphakade Babochkin Boris. Umdlali ekuqaleni ngohlobo Vasily yonke film. Ngoko le ndima iya kusala uphawu ubomi bakhe. Ke kaloku, ekupheleni - kwimbali le yonke cinema eSoviet.

Kwi ngokudibana nobuntu Chapayeva Babochkin

Umphathi division umfanekiso imisela isikali inguqu kunye nokuzinikela oziyilele umdlali.

Xa indima Chapaeva wafumana ithuba lokuphosa ayekelele umboniso cine cwaka, apho umdlali kwakukho unodoli umlawuli, apho ukuthembeka ngaphandle kokuba ekhethwayo ubuchule omdlali yakhe.

Yenzekile ngummangaliso bobuchule: umfanekiso Chapaeva waphila, waphatha izigidi zeentliziyo, ezele umxholo lowo umphefumlele Babochkin. Ngaba ngoku eyaziwa ngokuba loLwahlulo Commander, ukuba umdlalo na umdlali? Ngaba nibethe imilebe abaphulaphuli igama Babochkin, ukuba akunjalo, Vasily Ivanovich?

Bayahlelwa kula madoda mabini ziqhogene zadityaniswa. inguqu yohlobo The Worker Ummangaliso. ilejendi Epic wadala umdlali Russian omkhulu Boris Babochkin. Photo of the nomdlali makeup Chapayeva nokuba babesakuba ngamalungu 25th-Calvary Division, eziqhelekileyo nabantu Vasily Ivanovich, ebizwa twatse ukuya yokuqala.

Nika umdlalo ngokupheleleyo amandla art: zolinganiso waxelela abaphulaphuli bakhe ngebali ayikho elinobukroti bukathixo, nozuko, njengoko umntu ophilayo, enalo oyinyaniso, italente alinikwe nguThixo - ukuba umphathi. CHapaev Babochkin, Divisional, wamvusa uluhlu eziqhelekileyo, maxa wambi onesibindi engumnqantsa sisilumko. Maxa wambi kuba kubi bazama

Kodwa konke - ngokucacileyo abathetheli ayamileyo ubuthathaka babantu. Kwaye they thethelela kuye, ngokungathi ukuxolela ubawo yam. Ngapha koko, bayazi ukuba Chapayev wabo akasoze amshiya, musa ukumyekela edabini. Bakholelwa ukuba loo maqhinga brilliant, ngethuku lemvelo baqonde nkcukacha kwamabutho edabini. Ba, ukuba kuyimfuneko, musa ukuthandabuza ukuyivala umzimba wakhe ngokuthi imbumbulu bolo njengoko Chapaev yaye ukulungele ukuba afe ngenxa yako.

Konke oku ezinako ukukulumkisela iindima zabo Babochkin.

Indima edlalwa indima kwi Chapaev ubomi ezinobuchule umdlali Babochkin

Le film "Chapayev" wangena kule ezilikhulu zokuqala best imisebenzi umboniso yehlabathi. Xa umdlalo Marshal Voroshilov Boris Andreyevich wenza zayichukumisa kangangokuba wanikela umdlali indlu eMoscow. Boris Babochkin intombi ukhumbula uthando enkulu yesizwe, apho lichaphazele uyise. Nomdlali ngokwenene wadala wobugcisa ngokwenene. kweminyaka engamashumi amane kamva, uMlawuli okuqaqambileyo Tarkovsky ekuthiwa Babochkin-Chapaeva "diamond mihle, apho ubuso nganye uyaphikisana ezikufutshane, ekusekeni Okukodwa monolithic."

Ngenxa kule filimu usebenza Babochkin waba ngo-1935 Artist the People mncinane ngayo eRashiya.

"Chapaev" wanika umdlali a uhlobo nokuyekelelwa: Umntu yakhe ngqo kwaye evulekileyo, ongakwaziyo ukulungelelanisa ethetha rhoqo izinto ezingemnandanga, musa ukuchukumisa i NKVD. Nangona kuxhomekeka ngokutsha Jikelele, kwaye yena unikwe. Umona, leyo naswela Boris Andreyevich zange womntana ulwimi lwakhe ...

Boris Babochkin e yeqonga kunye cinema emva "Chapaev"

Ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, umdlali iyaqhutywa lukhulu. June 22, 1941, waye e Riga phezu bhanya ye "umtya Abafileyo", ebalisa umqhubi S. Utochkin. abantu abathandayo. Nomdlali kinoobraz wabo wakhuthaza abantu ukuba ukuxhathisa amaNazi, waqonda ukuba, ukusebenza fanatically, iiyure ezili-16 ngosuku. iindima bhanyabhanya enkulu abaninzi eyadlalwa Boris Babochkin, PIU bakhe kweli xesha imfazwe kakhulu: "yoyiswe", "Front", "I woKhuselo of Tsaritsyn", ". uMama zasendle" Le yokugqibela yezi bhanya yaba umsebenzi wokuqala ube ngumlawuli film.

Noko ke, ukuba umsebenzisi Babochkin waba uhlolo ezintle, imisebenzi yayo kumabala emidlalo ziye kuhlaselwa. I bamtiyayo ngenxa lithamsanqa, italente. Kodwa ukuba nomona film "Chapayev" kwaba yenkomo engcwele Untouchable, iyasebenza njengomlawuli yeqonga Gogo, badibana kunye nentiyo. Izigqibo zenziwa emfihlekweni, iBhunga zoBugcisa, ebuhlungu ngenxa iimfundiso yembono neepatheni. Le meko yaba ngamazwi: abaphulaphuli iLeningrad waqonda ngomdla bahamba ngendlela wathengisa-out of "uKumkani potap" kunye, "Kuban", "Ingcuka", "Abantu Summer" (Boris Babochkin - director), yaye emva ngemini cinezela asasaza ukuba smithereens.

Hi ndlela leyi, lo mdlalo "uKumkani potap" Boris Andreyevich ingqalelo umsebenzi wakhe. Yena nako ukuma ukuba umntu amalungiselelo intshutshiso ukubhala ileta yokurhoxa, basuka iLeningrad eMoscow. Emva koko eli nyathelo ukuba wothini na ukuzibiza xihoxo lexikulu ubomi bakhe. Yena isixeko kwi Neva waba ezazihambisana ngakumbi.

Baiting nakumlawuli, Theatre. Pushkin

Leningrad e nengqondo yabo, Babochkin yatshintsha kakhulu le zinkundla eMoscow. Wayedlala kuqala kwi-First Moscow Art Theatre, ngoko - kwi Vakhtangov Theatre. Ukususela ngowe-1949 ukuya kowe-1951, Boris A. yaba omdlali kunye nomlawuli le Moscow Art Theatre, eMoscow Drama Theatre. Pushkin. Umsebenzi kule yokugqibela yaba ziqhame.

Babochkin ubambe, okunyusileyo izindlu zizele, - "Shadows" (isekelwe kwi Saltykov-Shchedrin). Leningrad waphinda meko. Phezu kwawo, umlawuli, afefe abuhlungu, obungasifanelanga, ukugxekwa kuye nokuthotywa. Kuba le mpumelelo, italente. In Babochkin yabe ukuhlasela yakhe yokuqala intliziyo, wathabatha kulala kwakhe esibhedlele. Ke kwafuneka ukuba abangaphangeliyo iminyaka emithathu. Umdlali wayesazi ukuba olule indlela vulu onopopi abagxeki, kodwa kwanyanzeleka ukuba ucele ukuba ukuqeshwa kunye noMphathiswa Culture Furtsevoy ... Kungekudala, ndafumana umsebenzi kwi Maly Theatre.

Sebenza le Moscow Art Theatre

Kwaye apha meko iphindiwe: play babochkinsky "ivanov" Kuza indlu ngokupheleleyo, kwakhona unyembo ukumbulala (ngokomfanekiso) ayiqwenge amazinyo akhe. "Imposiso" Babochkin waba yembono: yena usoloko wabeka umntu ngaphezu ideology, iimvakalelo ukunyaniseka, isenesazela Party iyafuneka. Ukanti ke ekuhleni ngokuba umlawuli we ethiyetha uYudas Tsarev ngodaba kwi umlawuli misebenzi Meyerhold, owaba isizathu ukubanjwa buchopho. Ingca Boris A. Nantso into loo.

Emva nomona isaziso rezhessiruemy bedlala "Les" okungacetywanga, Boris Babochkin nako ukuma ukuthotywa kwaye barhoxa ukusuka Maly Theatre.

Washiya lokufundisa VGIK. abafundi bakhe, xa ongumdlali ethile Natalia Bogunova, uncoma malunga ubuchule ezingasetyenziswanga Babochkin. Ngokutsho kwakhe, wakwazi 'ukubetha "inkampani yonke.

endaweni yesiphelo

Babochkin efundisa e VGIK, ngesaquphe ndafumanisa ukuba yintoni na ingxaki we ethiyetha eSoviet: intshukumo kude Classic, ukuze kufakwe izivamvo zokugcina. ubuhlungu yakhe elimele oku abantu, nokwenza, ubugcisa ekuqaleni kule indima.

Boris Andreyevich ngequbuliso zigutyungelwe umnqweno ukubeka "I Inqina" yaseChekhov kaThixo ukungafi. Wabhala script mlawuli yakhe ekhethekileyo kaThixo. 17/07/1975 Babochkin emotweni yakhe beza Maly Theatre, akuba engene isakhiwo, kufikelelwe kwisivumelwano kunye Igorem Ilinskim, ngoko ke wadlala indima Joel. Endleleni ebuyela, yena ngequbuliso wagula. Heart. Wayeka imoto. Ndaqalisa ukufuna tablet. Abazange babe kusondele ...