AmaTurkey aseMeskhetian: imvelaphi, iimpawu, iingxaki zabantu

Imbali yokuvela kunye nokwakhiwa kwabantu abanjalo njengamaTurkey aseMeskhetian ixutywe ngamanqaku anembali. Isikhundla sesi sizwe kwibalazwe kunye nezopolitiko zentlalo yehlabathi lihlala liphikisana iminyaka emininzi. Imvelaphi yeTurks kunye neempawu zokubonakaliswa kwazo kwihlabathi lanamhlanje yinto yophando ngabafundi abaninzi - izazinzululwazi, i-anthropologists, izazi-mlando kunye namagqwetha.

Kuze kube ngoku, ekufundweni kwalo mbandela, abaphandi abazange bafike kwelinye iqela. Kubalulekile ukuba iTurkey yaseMeskhetian ngokwayo ayichaze ngokucacileyo ubuhlanga babo.

Elinye iqela libhekisela kubadabu baseGeorgia abaguqulele kwiSilamsi ngekhulu le-17 nele-18. Yaye ngubani owazi kakuhle ulwimi lwesiTurkey; Enye inzala yabantu baseTurkey abaye bafumana eGeorgia ngethuba lolawulo lwe-Ottoman. Ngandlela-thile, abameleli bala bantu ngokumalunga neemeko zembali bafumana ukufuduka kwamanye amazwe kwaye baholela indlela yokuphila. Oku kubangelwa ngamaza amaninzi okuthunjwa amaTurkey aseMeskhetian (avela eMeskheti ensimini yaseMzantsi Melika kwiMeskhet-Javakheti esifundeni). Ngaphezu koko, iMeskhetians zibiza ngokuba yiAkhaltsikhe Turks (Ahıska Türkler).

Ukuxoshwa kokuqala okukhulu kwiindawo zokuhlala ezihlala kwiindawo eziza kuhlala ku-1944. Ngaloo ndlela kweso sikhokelo sikaStalin ukuba "ukungavumelani" kumntu waseMeskhetian eTurkey, amaCrimean, amaTerchen, amaGrike, amaJamani kufuneka axoshwe. Kwakukho ngeli xesha ama-Meskhetians angaphezu kwama-90,000 aye kwi-Uzbek, Kazakh naseKirghiz SSR.

Ngaloo ndlela, ukuba angabuyiswanga kwimeko engathandekiyo, iTurkey iMeskhetian yesizukulwana esitsha yaxhatshazwa ngenxa yemisebenzi yemikhosi e-Ferghana Valley ye-Uzbek SSR. Emva kokuba ngamaxhoba okuxhelwa kwamathambo, emva komyalelo kaRhulumente wase-USSR baphunyelelwa kwiRashiya yaseMbindi. Enye yeenjongo eziphambili ezazisenziwa nguFergana "zavaruhami" yi-Kremlin ingcinezelo kwiGeorgia kunye nabo bonke abantu abavakalisa umnqweno wabo wokuzimela bekhululekile ngo-Ephreli 1989.

Ngenxa yokungqubuzana kunye nokungazinzi kwemeko kungekhona kuphela eFerghana, kodwa nakweminye imimandla yelizwe, iTurks yahlakazeka eRashiya, eAzerbaijan, e-Ukraine naseKazakhstan. Ingqikithi, malunga namawaka angama-70 abantu baba ngabantu abafudukela ngaphandle.

Kweli hlabathi lanamhlanje, umba wokubuyiselwa kunye nokukhuselwa kwamalungelo abantu baseMeskhetian kukukhawuleza kwaye kunzima, kubambelele phambili kwezobudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe kunye neengxaki zezopolitiko. Ingxaki iyancipha ngongcamango lweenjongo, imiqathango kunye nezifiso, zombini inxalenye yabasemagunyeni kunye nabameli bebodwa ngokwabo.

Emva kokujoyina iBhunga laseYurophu ngo-1999, iGeorgia yaqalisa ukuphakamisa nokuxazulula umbuzo wokubuyela kweTurkey kwilizwe labo kwiminyaka engama-12, ukuqinisa inkqubo yokubuyiselwa kunye nokudibanisa, kwaye ubanike ubumi babo bobukhosi.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimeko ezinzima ukuphumeza le projekthi. Phakathi kwazo:

- i-armenization esebenzayo yelizwe lakwaTurks (Meskheti neJavakheti); Isimo sengqondo sokutshatyalaliswa kwentshukumo encinane malunga nokubuya komnye kule ntsimi ilandelwe;

Isikhundla esingenakulungelelaniso sogunyaziwe baseGeorgia;

- inqanaba elincinane lomgaqo-mthetho kunye nolawulo olusemthethweni olulawula lo mbandela, eso sizathu sokungabikho kwemiphumo yesigqibo esithathiweyo.