Amalungu obuchopho kunye nemisebenzi yazo: isakhiwo, iimpawu kunye neenkcazo

Ubuchopho - master komlawuli imisebenzi nawuphi esiphilayo, omnye isiqalelo kwenkqubo luvo. De kube ngoku, izazinzulu zonyango ukufunda iinkalo ingqondo kwaye ivula amathuba zonke-omtsha engakholelekiyo ngayo. Le ilungu entsonkothileyo kakhulu ukuba unxulumanisa umzimba wethu kunye nokusingqongileyo lwangaphandle. amalungu obuchopho kunye nemisebenzi yabo ezilawula zonke iinkqubo zobomi. receptors bangaphandle ukubamba iziganeko kwaye wazise malunga zizinto engenayo (ukukhanya, isandi, selungu lokuva kunye nabanye abaninzi) kuyo nayiphi na inxalenye ebuchotsheni. Impendulo eza nangoko. ntoni intloko yethu "iprosesa", baya kuqonda njani ngakumbi.

inkcazo jikelele zobuchopho

amalungu obuchopho kunye nemisebenzi yazo ithi ukukhokela ngokupheleleyo iinkqubo ubomi bethu. Ubuchopho bomntu ibandakanya luvo 25 billion. Eli inani elingu-iiseli ezenza lo mba hina. Ubuchopho lugubungela sabaleka ezininzi:

• soft;
• uqine;
• arachnoid (nantsi ujikeleza utywala).

YoTywala - ulwelo fluid ebuchotsheni idlala indima uMkhuseli shoka absorber nxamnye nawaphi na amandla zogwayimbo.

Omabini la madoda namabhinqa eziphuhliswe ingqondo ngendlela efanayo, nangona ubunzima bayo eyahlukileyo. Kakhulu kutshanje nihlala engenakuphikwa ubunzima ingqondo lidlala indima kuphuhliso kwengqondo kunye nobuchule ngokwasengqondweni. Esi sigqibo ilula - akunjalo. ubunzima ingqondo malunga ne-2% ye ubunzima iyonke loo mntu. Xa abantu, ubunzima kwi-avareji ye-1 370 g, kunye nabafazi - 1240, imisebenzi kwimimandla ingqondo yomntu zaphuhliswa umgangatho abampilo zixhomekeke kuzo. ingqondo ixhomekeke kubungakanani wadala kuqhagamshelwano zobuchopho. iseli ngalinye ingqondo - luvo, elenza kwaye sifaka pulses.

Le ukuqanda ngaphakathi ventricles yobuchopho ebizwa. Amasebe ezahlukeneyo ukuya cranial luvo ngababini.

Imisebenzi yengqondo (Table)

Isebe ngalinye kwi ingqondo ufumana umsebenzi wenziwe. Le theyibhile ingezantsi ibonisa oku. Ubuchopho ifana ikhompyutha, wenza ngokucacileyo imisebenzi yayo, lifumene umyalelo ovela ngaphandle.

Imisebenzi yengqondo, itafile utyhila wesakhiwo ngokucacileyo.

Ezantsi siqwalasela iinxalenye nobuchopho iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu.

isakhiwo

Kulo mfanekiso ubonisa indlela ingqondo. Ingxenye ebalulekileyo kuhlala ama zifaka yobuchopho, nangona oku, zonke iinxalenye ingqondo kunye nemisebenzi yabo badlala indima ebalulekileyo emzimbeni. Kukho amasebe ezintlanu eziphambili:

• ekupheleni (of ubunzima bungama-80%);
• ngasemva (ibhulorho kunye kwiCerebellum);
• intermediate;
• lume;
• avareji.

Ngelo xesha linye ingqondo uwahlule ube zahlulo zithathu eziphambili: esikhondweni ingqondo, kwiCerebellum, i zifaka ezimbini lobuchopho.

endbrain

Kunzima ukuchaza ngokufutshane ulwakhiwo ingqondo. Ukuze uqonde iindawo ingqondo kunye nemisebenzi yabo, kubalulekile ukufunda ubume babo ngokusondeleyo.

Telencephalon esentlango, ephuma ngokungqalileyo ukuya ithambo Occipital. Apha sicinga zifaka ezimbini palsy: asekhohlo nasekunene. Kwelinye icala, eli sebe sine nani inkulu sulci kunye gyri. Development kunye nesakhiwo yobuchopho ziyajongwa ndawonye. Iingcali obala iintlobo ezintathu uqweqwe:

• yamandulo (s tubercle ukuqgiba, sobuKristu gyrus kweziyobisi lunate podmozolistoy podmozolistoy tubing kunye sclerosis);
• ubudala (kunye gyrus dentate - ifascia kunye gippokambom);
• entsha (kuba abanye uthinte).

Hemispheric mbaxa groove longitudinal Ukujula kwawo imisiwe, kwaye I-corpus, leyo qhagamshela ikhweyitha. Ezingeyomfuneko I-igcwele luvo kwaye zinxulumene kwentliziyi. Ubume bale zifaka kunokuba kwaye ufana inkqubo-level multi. Kukho ngokungqalileyo ezahlukeneyo, zezomzuzwana, Parietal kunye Occipital lobe, subcortex kunye uthinte. zifaka Cerebral wenza inani elikhulu kwemisebenzi. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-ikhweyitha lasekhohlo umthetho ekunene ilungu lomzimba, yaye vice versa ekunene - ekhohlo.

kuqweqwe

Umphezulu inwebu yobuchopho - na sihlahla, asinto ibe ubukhulu ka-3 mm, Azigubungele ikhweyitha. Isakhiwo iqulathe iiseli zemithambo-luvo nkqo kunye neenkqubo. Xa neuron ziqulathe efferent kunye luvo afferent, kunye neuroglia. amalungu obuchopho kunye nemisebenzi yazo ithi ingqalelo itafile, yaye oko uqweqwe? Ngesigqeba Ester ukuba Ukufikisa tye. Isakhiwo layers ezintandathu:

• pyramidal yangaphandle;
• granular yangaphandle;
• kwamaqondo eparticulate ongaphakathi;
• eziphilayo;
• pyramidal zangaphakathi;
• kunye iiseli fusiform.

Nganye luvo ububanzi, ukuxinana, imilo eyahlukeneyo. iinyanda nkqo ye luvo eqhotyoshelweyo amaxolo umntu striations nkqo. Le ndawo uthinte nama-2200 iisentimitha square, inani luvo apha ifikelela ishumi billion.

amalungu obuchopho kunye nemisebenzi yazo: ixolo

Bark ilawula imisebenzi emininzi athile omzimba. lobe ngasinye unoxanduva khe iparameters yayo. Cinga imisebenzi ebotshelelwe iinkcukacha ehotele Okunye:

• lobe zexeshana - ulawula ingqiqo ivumba zetyala;
• Parietal - unoxanduva bangcamle yaye baphathe;
• Occipital - umbono;
• ngokungqalileyo - esimbaxa yokucinga, intshukumo kunye nentetho.

neuron nganye ukunxibelelana nabanye iiseli zemithambo-luvo, kukho abafowunelwa ishumi lamawaka (mhaka grey). luvo - into emhlophe. Inxalenye ethile zobuchopho kudibanisa. into White iquka iintlobo ezintathu imicu:

• ikhonkco associational kwenye ikhweyitha kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo cortical;
• ikhweyitha commissural wazihlanganisa ndawonye;
• Kwelivi ukunxibelelana yokumisela zikhabane analyzers endleleni.

Ukuqwalasela isakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi ingqondo, oko kubalulekile ukuba igxininiswe indima mba engwevu namhlophe. Hemispheric Ngaphakathi ganglia carcinomas (umcimbi grey), umsebenzi zazo eziphambili kukuba ukuze udlulise ulwazi. Phakathi ebuchotsheni kuqweqwe Basal nuclei ibekwe oluqinileyo emhlophe. Kukho izahlulo ezine ezahlukeneyo:

• phakathi vee kwi convolutions;
• kwiindawo olungaphandle zifaka;
• ifakiwe kule philisi lwangaphakathi;
• ebekwe kwi I-corpus.

Ifunyanwa i into emhlophe lisekwa luvo kwaye ifaka convolutions amaxolo ukusuka amaqela asezantsi. nuclei Subcortical ifomu ingqondo subcortical.

Telencephalon - uyalela yonke imisebenzi ebalulekileyo umzimba, kwakunye nobuchule yengqondo.

diencephalon

amalungu obuchopho kunye nemisebenzi yazo (itheyibhile uchazwe apha ngasentla) ziquka diencephalon. Ukuba sijonga ngokweenkcukacha, kuyimfuneko kuthi ukuba ziquka iindawo ventral kanye amaphiko. Yi le ngxenye ventral ungowommandla amanakani - thalamus, metathalamus kunye epithalamus.

Thalamus ungumlamleli, olawula izinto ezenzeka zafunyanwa ikhweyitha. ke udla ngokubizwa ngokuba "hillocks ezibonwayo." Inceda umzimba ukuba ukuziqhelanisa ngokukhawuleza neenguqu bume lwangaphandle. Thalamus liqhagamshelene kwiCerebellum nge ingqondo.

Le ngxenye iyalela imisebenzi yawo. Impembelelo kuya luvo, yaye, ke, kwamadlala yonyango. Ulawula umsebenzi kwamadlala yonyango, ulawula ukutya. Ingqondo yebhinqa ibekwe ngqo ngaphantsi kwalo. It iqondo lobushushu emzimbeni, sentliziyo kunye kokudla ilawula. Kwakhona, le ngxenye owalathisa ukutya nokusela ukuziphatha kwethu, ukulawula uphaphama kunye nokulala.

diff

Le gland ibandakanya ibhulorho vorgelagerten kunye kwiCerebellum, wona esemva. Ngokufundisisa isakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi ingqondo, sihlolisise isakhiwo yokuwuvala: i amaphiko phezu kwiCerebellum igutyungelwe, ventral thaca isakhiwo ezinezikhondo. Imicu zibhekiswa kweli emnqamlezweni sebe. Kwicala ngalinye kwebhulorho baya ngomlenze eliphakathi cerebellar. Phezu ibhulorho kufana irola emhlophe anquma ibekwe ngaphezu Oblongata Medulla. Iingcambu-luvo kwi bulbar-out asendleleni emseleni.

Ubume asi ngasemva: kwicandelo yangaphambili kunokubonwa ukuba ilungu ngaphambili ezahlulwe sisithuba (elikhulu ventral) kunye ngomva (amanakani elincinane) nesabelo. Phakathi kwabo, umda na umzimba trapezoid, imicu zamafu enqamlezileyo wayo wawungalo indlela eziviwayo. umsebenzi Uhanjiso ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo ngasemva ingqondo.

KwiCerebellum (Ubuchopho elincinane)

Uluhlu "yengqondo, isakhiwo, umsebenzi" ibonisa ukuba kwiCerebellum inoxanduva kuququzelelo yomzimba intshukumo. Eli sebe ibekwe emva kwebhulorho. Cerebellum ukubizwa ngokuba 'ingqondo ezincinane ". It lubaluleke ngomva fossa cranial, izingxobo nekalikedo-ezimile. kwiCerebellum ubunzima ukusuka 130 ukuya 160, phezulu na zifaka palsy, ezo ezahlulwe a slot ezinqamlezayo. Inxalenye esezantsi kwiCerebellum kukuba omelene Oblongata Medulla.

Kukho zifaka ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, lo, umphezulu esezantsi eliphezulu umbungu. Umda phakathi kwabo ubizwa ngokuba isikhewu tye nzulu. A ezininzi slits nemixawuka umgangatho kwiCerebellum gyrus obhityileyo (izileyi) nezilahliweyo therebetween. Phakathi vee amaqela hexe ezahlulwe ibe ngamacetyana, zimele umyinge kwiCerebellum (ngasemva, Klotchkov-nodular, phambili).

Cerebellum inazo zombini mba hina namhlophe. Grey esithatyathwe kwimiphetho buyeyona uqweqwe kunye luvo emolekyuli kunye pere emile, kunye umaleko granular. Phantsi eqweqweni kukho into emhlophe ukuba ungena gyrus. Kumbandela ezimhlophe kukho amabala ongwevu (core wayo). Kwimeko ubuhlobo iyafana emthini. Abo bayaziyo isakhiwo ingqondo yomntu, amasebe ayo umsebenzi, impendulo lula, ukuba Cerebellum - uququzelelo ukulawula iintshukumo zomzimba wethu.

obuphakathi

Le ubuchopho ise kwinxalenye Icipande kwebhulorho uye imizimba papillary, kwakunye iphecana optic. Kukho olwenzeka wokuthi nuclei, ezo zibizwa ngokuba colliculus. Ubume kunye nokusebenza yobuchopho (Table) zibonisa ukuba eli sebe linoxanduva umbono udada, reflex ekuqhelaniseni, unika ikhaliphe loqhelwaniso ezintweni ezibonwayo kunye nezinto ezikhalayo, kwaye ixhasa ithoni izihlunu zomzimba womntu.

Medulla: a inxenye stem

Medulla - a ukwandiswa endalo umnqonqo. Kungenxa yoko le nto Isakhiwo ezininzi esifana ngazo. Ingakumbi kuba kucacile ukuba siqwalasele umba emhlophe ngokweenkcukacha. Bonisa liqine elifutshane elide luvo. Kwifomu thaca apha eziba umcimbi hina. amalungu obuchopho kunye nemisebenzi yazo (itheyibhile eboniswe ngasentla) lubonisa ukuba Oblongata Medulla lilawula silungelelene, ulungelelwaniso, olawula ukutya, esa zokuphefumla ejikelezayo. Kwakhona noxanduva ikhaliphe ebalulekileyo yomzimba wethu, ezifana uthimla nokukhohlela, ukugabha.

Isiqu Ubuchopho yahlulahlulwe imvelaphi kunye ephakathi. Isiqu ubizwa ngokuba eliphakathi, elide, ibhulorho kunye ephakathi. Ubume kwayo - ehla inyuka iindlela odibanisa Umphanda kunye umnqonqo nobuchopho. Kule nxalenye zibekw 'esweni ukuze izinga intliziyo, ukuphefumla, intetho uliciko.