Amaxwebhu Project - kukuba ... amaxwebhu Project

Ukuthenga umhlaba kudala elindelwe ngenjongo yokwakha izindlu zabo, omnye kufuneka babenolwazi kunye nemithetho kunye nemigaqo elawula umsebenzi onjalo. Kwakhona kuyimfuneko ukuba siqonde uninzi kweenkqubo kunye nemisebenzi ngaphambi okanye ehamba ukwakhiwa. Umnini propati kufuneka ongayivayo into oluyithethayo bezakhiwo nabakhi ukuze enze izigqibo, liliso emsebenzini wabo kwaye ufumane ngenxa ekhayeni lakho phupha.

Ucwangciso kunye noyilo

Xa imfuneko ukuyila izakhiwo ngamnye, abantu abaninzi baqonde ukuba kulo mzekelo, akunakubakho ukwenza ngaphandle professional oyaziyo indlela kuphuhliso nasekusetyenzisweni amaxwebhu eprojekti, ulwamkelo lwayo, ukulungiswa kunye nokuvunywa.

Nkqu indlu ibali elinye-kakhulu elula ukuba yakhiwe ngokuthobela imithetho eyamkelwe kwinqanaba mthetho. Ukongeza abaphilayo mihla ukubeka iimfuno ezininzi intuthuzelo, lula, isimbo nodumo. uxwebhu olunenkcukacha kunye namaxwebhu projekthi, kuphuhliswa kwinqanaba lobungcali, ukuvumela ukuba ukwakha ikhaya elihle kwaye esebenza, baxhotyiswa kunye neenkqubo zokufudumeza high-high, ubonelelo lwamanzi kunye nemali eyaneleyo umbane.

Ke kaloku, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, intsebenziswano kunye iingcali kuwo onke amanqanaba yokwakha yenza izinto ezikhuselekileyo ixesha elide.

Oko umele ukwazi malunga iiprojekthi "bumnandi"

Amaxwebhu Project - ayikho nje isicwangciso indlela indlu ikhangeleka. Le yindibaniselwano kweemfuneko izakhiwo zokuhlala kunye neminqweno somnini (itekisi kunye nemizobo). Uphuhliso design amaxwebhu kufuna zabucala ezithe inxaxheba kuyo, oluninzi ulwazi ithiyori kunye namava ngokoqobo. Ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela olinganise ndawo, iimpazamo okanye ushiyo malunga indawo iingcingo zombane, imibhobho igesi okanye ubonelelo lwamanzi inkqubo, nto kwikhaya elizayo engonwabanga okanye yingozi kuyilo ubomi bomntu.

Ngoko ke, bezakhiwo kunye abakhi kunye isigqebelo ezinjalo abathengi abanombono abo bafuna ikhaya ogqibeleleyo. Kakade ke, kuba bona kubalulekile ukujonga kumnini malunga nendlela kufuneka zibekwe igumbi, iingcango, iifestile kunye iminyango, kodwa ukwandiswa nursery, ukudluliselwa beendonga okanye window eyongeziweyo iyangqubana nemigaqo. Wezakhiwo wazi bhetele malunga nokwenzeka kunye nokwenzeka iinkqubo zobunjineli entsha, malunga noko umthwalo kwenxiwa yophahla, njengoko kufuneka isasazwe kuxinzelelo isiseko kunye nezinye bokuqonda ezinjalo.

Yintoni design eqhelekileyo

Ukuphuhliswa projekthi documentation ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo non-standard okanye ezingekho semgangathweni zokuhlala njengenye yeendlela eziphambili zolwakhiwo lwezindlu bekhululekile. Musa ukucinga ukuba uyilo ngamnye - ke inkonzo kubiza kakhulu. Amaninzi, kuba ebulela kule ndlela, abanikazi ithuba ukonga eluncedo nezinto zokwakha nokuhombisa, kwakunye nokwenziwa iintlobo ezininzi emsebenzini.

Kuyilwe kunye wezakhiwo amaxwebhu eprojekti ngamnye - kukukwazi lencwadi izinto ezithile (engaxabisi kunye nokuhanjiswa okanye ufakelo), miscalculation of interchangeability kunye eyiyo. Noko ke, ukuba umntu uvela ngokuzimeleyo okanye ukutshintshwa projekthi, ubaleka umngcipheko impazamo. Umzekelo, ukuba ukhethe ngokuchanekileyo umbandela zingenzeka simanga njenge "ibhulorho ngokucofa iqhosha lokulayita", ebangela iindleko zokusebenza ezongezelelekileyo ngokushushubeza isakhiwo igqityiwe.

izigaba yesakhiwo zokuhlala

Umnini lokuqala lizwe iyelenqe kukuba ukwenza uvavanyo injongo yayo. Ukuba nokwenzeka sakhiwo kufuneka kubhalwe okanye kwibhunga esemaphandleni.

Ukuba esandleni uxwebhu, kwakunye nesatifikethi karhulumente i (ukungqinwa ilungelo tshabalalisa umhlaba), kuyimfuneko ukwenza 'kubunjani "yobukhulu balo ndawo. Kuphela ke amaxwebhu zeprojekthi kuphuhliswa. It is a ukulandelelana amanyathelo aliqela. Eyokuqala kubo uba umzobo, ekufuneka iqulathe amacandelo ezintathu eziphambili:

1. Bakhwela izindlu kwi sayithi. Oku kwenziwa ukuze ukwazi ukwenza uluvo malunga miba ibalulekileyo: indawo iingongoma iimpawu kunye engezansi, ubukho kunye nohlobo izakhiwo kwi osecaleni amazwe kwicala yokwanda iintlobo umoya, ukufumaneka nobulunga iindlela zokufikelela, umthamo nokuxhasa amaziko kwixesha elizayo (iigaraji, yokupaka, maqula, imithombo).
2. Umfanekiso we-layout nengaphakathi lesakhiwo. Apha sibala inani labantu abaza kuhlala endlwini, iminyaka yabo kunye nendlela yokuphila. Ngokusekelwe kwezi data, umakhi izicwangciso inani elifunekayo imigangatho kunye nobukhulu kwimimandla emikhulu zemisebenzi (amagumbi igumbi lokuhlala, ikhitshi, amagumbi okulala, izindlu zangasese, ubophe). Ukongeza, oko kubonisa balcony, masimu futhi iiveranda, ukuba abathanga. Le umyalelo kubandakanya neemfuno wexwebhu projekthi.
3. uyilo Uhlobo wesakhiwo olungaphambili (izinto eziza kusetyenziswa kugudiswa umphandle, kwakunye nohlobo kophahla).

Yintoni ekufuneka ukuba stroypasporta

Emva pattern lokuqala sikulungele, kwenziwa ngenxa yomfanekiso kunye nomsebenzi wayo wenziwa, umnini site ifumana imizobo zilandelayo:

• plan House, edwelisa kumgangatho ngamnye, imilinganiselo kunye ummandla amagumbi, ukubekwa elisondeleyo ifanitshala, kwakunye kummandla lilonke sakhiwo.
• Phambi kwendlu kunye ezahlukeneyo mbono kunye neembono ngendlela, kufuneka ibe iintlobo zezixhobo, imibala kunye nenani iifestile.
• Eyona candelo sakhiwo. Oku kubonisa ubude iisilingi, imilo imihla imbala, ileli ukhwela.
• Le nkqubo ye-master sicwangciso.

Amaxesha amaninzi loo maxwebhu yoyilo - ulwazi olwaneleyo ukuze akhuphe stroypasporta. Ukungeniswa le phakheji kumaziko karhulumente iya isiba yenye yezona izigaba ezibaluleke kakhulu kwaye kunzima kakhulu ukwakhiwa ekhaya. Ulungelelwaniso amaxwebhu eprojekti nokufumana njengoxwebhu sisiseko kuyilo eneenkcukacha.

Xabisa ukubaluleka kolu hlobo lomsebenzi, njengoko ingxoxo eneenkcukacha kunye nocwangciso olwamkelweyo ungakha obutofotofo ngenene, ikhaya eyonga.

Yintoni amaxwebhu zomsebenzi kunye namaxwebhu yoyilo

amaxwebhu zomsebenzi (izicatshulwa, imizobo, specification) ethatyathwe kwincwadi izigqibo kule projekthi. Isisombululo № 87 "Ukwakhiwa amaxwebhu eprojekti" akakwaleli uphuhliso engumzekelo zombini iindidi zamaxwebhu.

Ukufumana ezineenkcukacha iingcali uyilo ngokuqhelekileyo liqwalasela le miba ilandelayo:

• Ukukhetha izinto zokwakha zonke izakhiwo eziyinxalenye yesakhiwo (ngokuzala kunye neendonga ngaphandle, izahlulelo, iisilingi intercommunication, uphahla, foundation). ukhetho lwabo ixhomekeke kuya kuba njani ekhululekile kwaye kakuhle yokuthumela, ukugcinwa kunye nofakelo kwimixube zomthi, izitena kunye nezinye izinto.
• Bala umthwalo phezu kwesiseko: ubunzima iphezulu ikhephu phezu kwendlu, iindonga, imigangatho, ifenitshala nezinto zokusebenza (isilinganiso). Ukubalwa kwiipharamitha zomgaqo-siseko, kwakunye neminye imibutho ebalulekileyo: iindonga umthwalo-ngokuzala, nemigubasi phezu kweengcango neefestile, nokubethelela imixwayo ukuba ufakelo phantsi iisilingi, nobhazabhaza.
• Iinkqubo ukuyila for ugwebu amanzi kunye lokuphuma (ezo iindawo eziza kuba kwisakhiwo), bonisa uhlobo lonxibelelwano kwitanki yokubolisa kunye zokufudumeza ubalwe kakuhle yaye umoya, kwakunye ukwenza umbane (bonisa ukukhanyisa amandla, neziseko, itshintshela kunye neendawo zazo).
• Nciphisa iminqweno kunye noqikelelo ezinikwe iinjineli kunye nabayili ngendlela evumelana kuyilo bokwakha.

Enyanisweni, amaxwebhu uyilo (GOST 21) kwahlukile iinkcukacha uyilo yokusebenza mbalwa yobugcisa kunye bokuqonda.

Ixabiso yokongela lokwakha elizayo kunye nokusebenza isakhiwo

Ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ngobuciko waqamba umsebenzi unga nciphisa ngokubaluleka iindleko bobunini ku gqiba ukuthenga izixhobo kunye nentlawulo imisebenzi kwi yokwakha. Ukongeza, ukuba inani iintsalela angakhuli athenga "kunye stock" iibhodi, iithayile, izitena kunye nezinye izinto.

Kwakhona, olu xwebhu luya kukunceda ukuba uphephe iindleko zamandla olungeyomfuneko kunye nezinye izibonelelo kwixesha elizayo. Kakade ke, ukuphumeza ngokwenene imali eziphathekayo, kufuneka ulandele imigaqo yofakelo nofakelo izinto.

Ubume yamaxwebhu yeprojekthi

Ngokubanzi, amacandelo ukusebenza yeprojekthi zidweliswe kuxwebhu: ummiselo Inombolo 87. UMmiselo (composition yamaxwebhu yeprojekthi) ubonelela amacandelo ngaphezu kweshumi. Ezi ziquka:

1. INGCACISWANA.
2. Scheme, njengoko iya kwakhiwa umhlaba.
3. izisombululo yezakhiwo.
4. uyilo System kunye nezigqibo isithuba-izicwangciso.
5. Zokufudumeza, umoya, amanzi kunye umbane, umoya, kunye nabanye.
6. Plan of ukuba zilungelelaniswe njani ukwakhiwa.
7. Iziganeko ukuba ukudilizwa okanye ukudilizwa injongosenzi (kwimeko ngokutsha okanye ngokutsha).
8. Uluhlu amanyathelo ekufuneka athathwe ukuze ukukhusela okusingqongileyo.
9. Uluhlu kwamanyathelo okhuseleko komlilo.
10. Umba ukushukumiseka ukuhamba kakuhle (ukhubazekile, abadla umhlala-phantsi).
11. Uqikelela ukuba ulwakhiwo into nganye kunye namanye amaxwebhu.

Isigqibo kumaxwebhu projekthi isebenza njengesikhokelo neengcali ukuba iphonononge kwaye ujonge iphepha abayinikwe. Lo msitho ukuba, kutheni babuyele specialist yoluntu okanye yabucala. Ubukhulu becala, ukuba benza iiprojekthi xo iyaphuhliswa imimiselo kunye nemigaqo zobugcisa.

iimviwo Private kunye noluntu kwamaxwebhu yeprojekthi ingqalelo ezisemthethweni ngokulinganayo. Iiprojekthi evunywe yi ingcali kufuneka kuthathwe kweliso.

Indlela ukuqala nendlela nokuququzelela amaxwebhu eprojekti

Intsebenziswano phakathi umnini site kunye umakhi (unokontraka) uba kwenziwe isivumelwano edwelisa onke amalungelo nezibophelelo zamaqela.

uxwebhu contract kuquka iinxalenye ezimbini: yezomthetho nobugcisa.

Eyokuqala isicatshulwa ngqo ngokufutshane ichaza kakuhle eli ubudlelwane phakathi kwamaqela. Oku kuquka:

• Chapeau.
• Uphawu kwekhontrakthi yesifundo.
• izigaba ohlelwe yokwakha.
• Qaphela ukuba iindleko zeenkonzo kunye nemisebenzi.
• Le ixesha ethile imisebenzi yokwakha kunye nokulungiswa.
• Uluhlu amalungelo kunye neemfanelo zamaqela kwisivumelwano, kwakunye ebonisa iimbopheleleko zabo.
• Iimeko ziya kwenziwa phantsi kwayo intlawulo.
• Uluhlu amandla majeure.

Ukongeza kokubhaliweyo kwesivumelwano kufuneka ibandakanye uyilo kunye Uqikelelo amaxwebhu, kungenjalo ke iya kuthatyathwa njengengekho mthethweni. icandelo Technical uchaza uhlobo kweekhowudi yokwakha zisetyenziswe ukwakhiwa amakhaya, kwakunye uhlobo nomthamo yezinto endizenzayo.

Xa umthengi yaye ikontraki baye zifana, kwaye iprojekthi yenzelwe, akunikwe neengcali kunye neengcali ukuba ukufunda.

Inkqubo ukubhalwa ukwakhiwa

Inyathelo lokuqala kwaye ibaluleke kakhulu imvisiswano unikezelo luthe kuphuhliswa projekthi (ngakumbi ngqo, inxalenye yayo iplani kunye nocwangciso) kugunyaziwe ezicetywe ngayo iidolophu lwengingqi. Ukuba umakhi oyintloko ukuba atyikitye amaxwebhu kunye nokuvuma imbonakalo wesakhiwo elizayo, siya kuthathwa ukuba le nxalenye yale projekthi wavuma.

Emva koko ke mandla ezifanelekileyo wakhonza icandelo ngalinye elandelayo amaxwebhu yoyilo:

• Ukubeka uthungelwano lwangaphandle.
• profile Environmental (xa kucwangciswa ulwakhiwo iziko mveliso).
• Candelo loxwebhu yoyilo kwi Road Traffic (kwimeko xa kufikwa iziko yezothutho ezindleleni).

Xa nqanaba imvume kunye bonke mvume afunyenwe ukuba igqitywe, le projekthi iya kuthunyelwa yenkuthalo ngenxa. Ngoko wabiza ubuchule kaRhulumente kwamaxwebhu projekthi. Kukho ikhutshwa phandle ukuqinisekiswa ukuthobela yonke imimiselo neemfuno: ukhuseleko emlilweni, zokusingqongileyo, ucoceko, kwaye kananjalo nabo ephathelele kukhuseleko lwasemsebenzini okukhethekileyo kwamandla alingeneyo. Esi sigqibo samkelwa ngabameli Kwiimeko ezininzi:

1. Ingcaphephe Council phantsi koRhulumente.
2. Glavekspertizy.
3. Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil wezoKhuselo kunye likaxakeka.
4. Ministry of Resources Natural.
5. Ministry of Health kunye noPhuhliso loLuntu.
6. Ministry of Industry naMandla.
7. abasemagunyeni Federal.

Kwimeko apho iindleko yokwakha ngemali iimviwo lukwaquka Uqikelelo ukutshekisha ngenyameko, ixabiso lesiseko. Xa ibango lakhe, eli nani livela yokuxatyiswa kunye yekontraka izivumelwano zenziwe.

Ukuba iindlela zemveliso fanele kumntu zabucala, umthengi barhoxe ukuza iimviwo qikelelo.

Ezi nkcukacha zothetha-thethwano

Kwinkqubo kokuxhumana projekthi umthengi okanye ikhontrakha ubhekisela iingcali ukuze kwisigqibo entle, leyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba semthethweni kunye nokhuseleko wokwakha elizayo. Kudla kukho ukuswela ukuqonda ngayo iimbono ezahlukileyo imithetho sisebenza phakathi abayili kunye neengcali. Kule meko kuyimfuneko kukutsala developers amaxwebhu zolawulo ukucacisa.

Nguwo lo umyalelo, njengoko apho kukho imvume yokwakha. Le yindlela eya iphumele umnini propati ukwenza yokwakha ngokutsha, nokubuyiselwa okanye ukulungiswa.

Phakathi abanini zindlu kukho uluvo okunene baxhase umsebenzi owenziwa (zokwakha okanye ezinjenge) phantse lula kunokuba ukufumana imvume ngendlela eqhelekileyo. Ukuziqhelisa, oku kukhokelela ekulibazisekeni nkqubo, imithetho, izohlwayo okanye, kwiimeko kakhulu, ukudilizwa kwezakhiwo mthethweni.

Namhlanje, kukho iinkampani ezininzi ezizodwa ukuba senze njengabalamli phakathi abathengi (nabanini umhlaba nezakhiwo) kunye nabasemagunyeni karhulumente. Njengomgaqo, Asebenzisa bezifo ezinjalo kakhulu ukunciphisa ixesha ukulungiselela ukuqokelelwa kunye nokungeniswa kwamaxwebhu, kwakunye kwandisa amathuba thethwano zabo ngempumelelo. Oku kungenxa yokuba iingcali basoloko ukuya kumhla kunye neendaba ngoku, ukuba yeyiphi imithetho ichithwe okanye izilungiso, njengoko kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuhambahamba kulo okanye loo mthetho.