Abaphathi base-Ober eRashiya: izihloko, izihloko. Ngoobani "oonyana bamagosa aphezulu"?

I-Ober-igosa, igosa lekomkhulu, isigaba sibe ngamagosa aseburhulumenteni baseRussia kude kube ngo-1917. Iyokugqibela kubo yayiphezulu-ukusuka kwinqanaba eliphezulu ukuya kwi-colonel. Kwaye igosa eliyinkulu ligosa elincinci, ukusuka kumbheno kumphathi. Ingcamango yokuba "junior" kwimeko yethu kufuneka ihluke kwigama elithi "igosa elingenakugunyazwa" - inqanaba lesigxina phakathi kwamajoni kunye namagosa, awanike amajoni athile awaziwayo.

I-analogy ingenziwa ngomkhosi wanamhlanje: ngenxa yegosa legosa, kukho imfuno yemfundo yempi ephakamileyo, ngoko ke kukho "iziqu" zengqungquthela - abaphathi kunye namanqaku. Makhe sidlule ngqo kwiinqununu zabaphathi abaziintloko.

Misela

Izibhengezo - abaphathi abaziintloko, abathwele inkwenkwezi enye ekuxosheni (kwezinye iimeko akukho namnye) - eli lizinga eliphantsi kakhulu endleleni yomsebenzi wegosa. Kwinqwelo yokukhangela esi sihloko asizange sibe khona - wayefaniswe ne-bayonet-junker. Ngoko, umqondiso ungomnye wabalinganiswa abakhulu kwi "Bela" M. Yu. Lermontov - Pechorin.

Eyesibini uLieutenant, Coronet kunye neConet

Abaphathi be-Ober banokuthi banomxholo weengcali. Kwimixobo yamagxa babona ezimbini i-asterisks. I-cornet ne-cornet kumahhashi ayefaniswa nesigaba se-lieutenant yesibini. Isikhundla sokuqala kule meko sadibana kuphela neCosacks, yesibini - ukusuka kwezinye iinqwelo zokulwa. Kwi-Navy, esi sihloko sihambelana nomphakathi.

Kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba ukuguqulwa komkhosi kuye kwaqhubeka ngexesha lonke emkhosini kunye ne-navy. Amagosa ase-Ober nawo athathwe kuwo. Ukususela ngo-1884, ireyithi yesibonakaliso sele isuswe, kwaye igosa lokuqala le-junior libeka i-lieutenant kunye ne-cornet.

Luthente

Amagosa ase-Ober athola isikhundla se-lieutenant. Kwimikhosi yaseCossack babhalelana nekhulu lekhulu. Abaphathi beembambano babembatha iimbopho zentloko kunye ne-asterisk ezintathu nganye. Ngendlela, esi sihloko sifumaneka rhoqo kwiimfazwe ezahlukeneyo kwiincwadi zesiRashiya zoncwadi. Kwaye kukho inkcazo: abatyunjwa bafana nabantu abancinci, kodwa ababancinci. Ngoku benza amaphutha "abadala" kunye nokungafani kakuhle. Phakathi kwabo kukho abo balahlekelwa amakhadi abo, amaqhawe, amaqhinga, njl. Ummeli-mlingane uhambelana nesigaba se-lieutenant ophezulu kumkhosi waseRussia wamanje.

Abasebenzi-uCaptain

Ngabamahashe, isihloko somphathi-mphathi-mkhosi sasixhomekeke kwisikhundla somphathi-kaputeni, i-Cossacks - kumphathi. Bembethe iintambo zeebhande kunye neenkwenkwezi ezine nganye. Masikhumbule kwakhona umsebenzi kaMnu Yu. Lermontov "I Hero of Our Time". Kukho, le nqanaba yayigqitywe ngumqondo olula kwaye onomusa uMaxim Maximovich.

UCaptain

Umphathi ngumphathi wegosa eliphezulu. Ngabamahashe, wayengumthetheli womthetheli, kunye ne-Cossacks - induna. Umthetheli wayala inkampani okanye ibhetri, umphathi-squadron.

IGreen Grenadier Regiment

Inhlonipho ekhethekileyo emkhosini waseRussia wayenomdla we-ober-i-Life Grenadier Regiment. Abo babembethe esi sihloko, bahlala besenza isigxina kuyo nayiphi na ingxoxo.

Igosa le-Grenadier Regiment lingumkhosi we-Russian tsarist army. Waba negama lakhe kwisandla se-grenade enee-grenade. I-grenadiers yokuqala yayizijoni ezazisusa iibrenade. Ukuze wenze oku, kwakudingeka ukuba usondele ngokukhawuleza kwiintshaba. Kuyinto yemvelo ukuba ama-grenadiers alahlekelwa yilahleko enkulu ekulweni. Kubo, behlala bekwenza okungafaniyo kwintsebenziswano kunye nokusebenza kwabasebenzi.

Ngo-1756, e-Riga, iGoli yokuqala yeGreendier yenziwa phantsi komyalelo we-Impress Elizabeth. Ngaphambi koko, iinkampani ze-grenadier zazincedisayo kwiirmimenti zentsapho. IQela leGreydier yokuqala liyazibonakalisa liyiNtloko yaseNangersdorf ngexesha leMfazwe Yeminyaka Yesixhenxe. Yayikuhlaselwa kwakhe kwagqitywa isiphumo sokulwa. Ngo-1760, iyunithi yayihlala kwindawo yaseBerlin. I-regiment yaqatshelwa ngenxa yobungqina bayo kwiimfazwe zaseRussia-Turkish, kwaye ngo-1775 wanikwa i-Leib Grenadier Regiment. Ukukhonza kuyo kwakubhekwa njengento ehloniphekileyo, kwaye ekuthengeni kwayo ukunyulwa okubalulekileyo kwabaviwa kwachithwa.

Ubuqili njengento ebalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yamagosa

Akufanele lilibale ukuba ama-ofisi aseRashiya ngaphambi kokuguqulwa kwamapolisa ayilona nje i-post yezempi, kodwa kunye nesihloko sikarhulumente. Ngaphambi kokuguqulwa, kwakucatshangelwa njengento efanayo "nomntu ohloniphekileyo", kuba bekuyi-nobility eyayiqwalasela umsebenzi kwi-Fatherland njengomsebenzi wabo, amagosa agqityiwe. Kulo rhulumente kwaye wabanika amalungelo. Inkonzo yegosa lempi kuphela ibonwa njengento ehloniphekileyo phakathi kweqela elithintekayo.

Akuyona ingozi yokuba ngexesha lokuguqulwa kweeBolsheviks basebenzisa igama elithi "igosa" ngokukhanya okubi, kugxininisa ukusebenzisana kwabo kwiklasi. Ngethuba lokubuyiselwa komkhosi waseSoviet, ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu yamaPatriotic, amaninzi amabutho amaSoviet kunye nabalawuli bezondo abalwa kwiMfazwe Yombutho kwi-Army ebomvu babhala ngokugqithiseleyo iingxelo zokuxothwa. Bathi igosa elithi "igosa" libonwa engqondweni yabo ngokuthi "utshaba", "uzuko", ngoko awanakubizwa ngokuthi "amaSoviet".

Emva koko iinjongo zokusungula izinto ezintsha zilandelayo: amaJamani ayesongela umbuso waseSoviet, kodwa i-Motherland, ngoko bekufuneka ukuba ukhohlwe ukungqubana kwemibandela kunye nezopolitiko kunye nokukhusela imfuno yaseRashiya. Ngenkqubela yokuguqulwa, umoya wokuqhubela phambili wenziwa ngokunqoba kwemikhosi yama-tsarist. Ngaphambi koko, naluphi na ukukhankanywa okwenziwe ngokubaluleka kokulawula kwabalawuli baseRussia kwixesha langaphambi kokuguquka.

"Abantwana base-Ober Officers"

UPetros Omkhulu waqonda nokuba inkqubo ye-caste e-Rashiya yayichaphazele kakhulu uphuhliso loluntu: phantse bonke abantu babengenakukhathalela, ukungakhathaleli. Abahloniphekileyo babesazi ukuba kukho naziphi na izinto baya kuhamba phambili kwinqanaba lomsebenzi. Bonke abanye, ngokuchaseneyo, baqonda ukuba phantsi kweemeko "akunakwenzeka" ukuxhuma ngaphezu kwentloko. " Umququkisi omkhulu ulwaphule isiko elidala leminyaka: kwiThebhile yeNqanaba ibonakale iinqanaba, apho zonke iziqhamo zingaba zihambile.

Uguquko lwaluyinto yokuba ekufikeleleni kweli nqanaba umntu ofumene kwisihloko sodumo. Abantwana bakhe bokamva banelungelo lokufumana esi sihloko. Enyanisweni, kwakukho iinguqulelo ezazisusa inkqubo eqinile kwilizwe lethu. Nangona kunjalo, abo bantwana abazalelwa ngaphambi kobawo banikwe isikhundla esilungileyo, banikwe isikhundla esithile - "o onyana (abantwana) bamagosa aphezulu".

Ngoko-ke, makhe sihlaziye ngokubanzi iinkcukacha zeziphi izikhundla zobungqina kule ndawo. Ingenzeka njani ukuba unyana we-Ober-Officer afumane isihloko esinelungelo? Ubuntu bodwa kuphela. Kuzo zonke ezinye, iklasi ekhethekileyo yokukhululwa, yayisetyenziselwe isikhundla sayo sokuqala, kodwa iphantsi kobukhulu. Kamva, ngo-1832, "abantwana base-Ober-magosa" baya kufumana isimo esithile - "abemi abahloniphekileyo".