Abalandeli uCatherine Omkhulu. UGrigory Orlov - luthandwa of uCatherine Omkhulu

Ebudeni bokulawula uKumkanikazi uCatherine II sonakala njengoko ubunzima iingxaki zoluntu ezithe zavela kuBukhosi Russian, kunye ibonwe unangoku alunamkhethe. amasoka Young abemrhawule uKumkanikazi, ukuba negalelo umonakalo elibi nkqubo basekhaya angaphandle karhulumente. Abameli iyaxela eziphezulu yezikhulu waqalisa ukufuna inzuzo ngalo Ekugudeni ezazithandwa omtsha uCatherine Omkhulu, ngaloo ndlela phantsi yonke imimiselo yokuziphatha kunye neendibano zentlalo ixesha. Kakade ke, akukho ndlela hayi kunganciphisa ukubaluleka enkulu kuphuhliso weRashiya, oko kukuthi ixesha wolawulo uKumkanikazi. Nangona kunjalo, asiyi ukuchaza ngokweenkcukacha izenzo karhulumente kunye nezenzo Catherine II, kwaye izakuzama ukuxelela ngobomi zalowo ibhinqa washiya uphawu negalelo elibonakalayo kwimbali yelizwe lethu.

Princess Fike

Future "ubabalo lukaThixo uKumkanikazi kunye nguzwilakhe Zonke-Russian" UCatherine, sele evela koogxa bakhe isihloko "Enkulu", wazalwa ngo-Aprili 21, 1729 kwidolophu Prussia ka Stettin. UMajor General, Colonel of Prussia yomkhosi Christian Agasti ka-Anhalt-Zerbst kunye nomfazi wakhe, noJohanna Elizabeth, wanikwa wamazibulo - intombi - igama elihle isiJamani - Nozipho Augusta Frederica. Nangona into yokuba abazali bakhe anxulumene izindlu ezininzi yasebukhosini Europe (uyise itayitile Prince yaye kamva waba umnini German Duchy of Zerbst nonina wazalwa okweqanda ka-Holstein-Gottorp), ebuntwaneni bakhe kancinane ngathi ngumntu ophilayo "begazi" . Ukuhlala kwindlu zesiqhelo German, Fike, babembiza abazali intombi yakhe, ukuba ilungiswe ukuba intombazana kwintsapho yamaphephandaba ukuba imfundo xesha ekhaya, leyo ngokuyimfuneko kuquka ukukwazi ukupheka ucocekile.

Qala le ndlela 'basebukhosini'

Ngowe-1744, phantsi ukusekelwa Prussia ukumkani Fridriha Velikogo, Nozipho Augusta nonina sabangela uKumkanikazi Elizabeth, wayefuna ukuba umtshakazi unyana wakhe eSt Petersburg. ERashiya, okweqanda waseJamani epasiswe isiko ngobhaptizo kunye isithethe Orthodox igama Catherine A .. Ngowe-1745 watshata i-Grand Duke Peter Fedorovich, ikamva uKhesare Peter III. Ubomi bentsapho nezaladilas abaselula kwasekuqaleni. Indlalifa etroneni, nokuba ngenxa luhlaza okanye sengqondo esixhalabisayo, okanye ukusuka kwi "ukungathandi" kwakubanda kakhulu kunye nomfazi wakhe. Kwanaphezu ebusuku lwazo lomtshato, akazange ukuhlawula nayiphi na ingqalelo umtshakazi abatsha. Yena ezahlukeneyo sawo esisuka ngokwesondo, nje kwakufuneka ingqalelo inkunzi, ngokutsho ababephila, ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba waqala umtshato ukuze udlale ngokuphandle kunye Cavaliers.

Uthando lokuqala kakhulu

Ngexesha ubomi ngumyeni wakhe kwixesha elizayo uKumkanikazi wabonakala lover mfihlakalo. Baba Sergey Vasilevich Saltykov (1726-1765), umnumzana ophucukileyo intsapho njengenkosana, ebinezinto isikhundla ithenwa le-Grand Duke. Saltykov ngexesha kwabazana yajika engama-26 ubudala. Waba yintandane yokuqala ka-Catherine II kunye enye kuphela bonke abo babebadala kunaye ngemihla yakhe. Unxibelelwano phakathi kwabantu abatsha ngangosuku-1752 nge-1754, phambi kokuzalwa unyana Catherine - yindlalifa kwitrone - Paul Petrovich. Abaninzi ababephila sithe Saltykov lukatata lokwenene uPawulos. Njengalo okanye hayi, ayaziwa, uKumkanikazi, la marhe zange wakhanyela. Ke Sergei Vasilyevich - ke kulo nyaka waye wathunyelwa njengommeli okanye umthunywa ukuze eYurophu, apho ixesha elide igcinwe i imbalelwano kunye intanda yakhe. It is Saltykov ukuqala countdown abawuthandayo kwabo uCatherine Omkhulu, ogama portraits Bagciniwe kakuhle unanamhla.

Love ezimbini: Pole oselula

Catherine, njengokuba umfazi oselula, esebenzayo, kwaye addicting kakhulu yokuzithenga ahlale yedwa. Ngowe-1756, waba umthandi entsha. Baba UStanisław Agasti Poniatowski (1732-1798), esikhulu kakuhle abafundileyo, kungekudala ukuba unozakuzaku Polish eSt Petersburg. Ngokutsho amarhe, ivela kulo mxholo, ukumkanikazi elizayo wazala ngo-1757, intombi ka-Anna, uye wafa eneminyaka emibini. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba uPetros Fedorovich wayesazi malunga ubudlelwane umfazi wakhe Pole oselula, yaye yintoni eyona, oko uyazixhasa. Ummangali kuphela ezibalulekileyo i "adventures" ye UCatherine yaba ukumkanikazi uyabusa - Elizaveta Petrovna. Ngowe-1758, wafumanisa ukuba noku lunya udade wayo, waba nomsindo kunene yaye wayalela ukuba kwaoko ukuthumela umthunywa emva ePoland. UCatherine uye wayilondoloza kwisikhumbuzo oyintanda, yaye emva ngokwahlukana ngenkani. Ngowe-1764, loo nto ukuba sele uKumkanikazi wanceda UStanisław Agasti ukunyukela etroneni Commonwealth.

Gregory Orlov (1734-1783)

Yiyiphi indima Grigoriy Grigorevich Orlov kwi bayahlelwa yalo mfazi? Ntoni Imbali isixelela? owuthandayo Ikamva uCatherine Omkhulu wazalwa ngo-Oktobha 17, 1734 usapho umhlala-phantsi ezinkulu-jikelele - UGrigory Ivanovich Orlov. Childhood Gregory kunye nabazalwana bakhe abane kwenzeka kusemnandi, uthando, imvisiswano ifudumale. Intloko yentsapho, ngubani igunya okunjalo, akazange sangena naluphi na uhlobo ingxabano, akukho hlakalo. Orlov wafumana eqhelekileyo kubantu kwisangqa bakhe yemfundo ikhaya, apho ingqalelo ekhethekileyo wanikwa emkhosini kunye noqeqesho ngokwasemzimbeni. Abazalwana wayehlukile uninzi oontanga babo omfuphi ende kakhulu, eli bali yobugorha kunye namandla enkulu. Ngowe-1749, uGregory wangena ilizwe St. Petersburg yeCadet lweSizwe, emva koko waye wabhalisa ngoko nangoko kwi-Elite Guards bake butho. Lo mfana wayemhle kunene, wathanda abafazi yaye amkhanuke adventures yokubonisana. Noko ke, yena wahlukile ngenxa sobukhalipha nesibindi wamvumela ukuba ngokukhawuleza ivuke ukuya kutsho kwisikhundla esiphezulu sombutho uye inxalenye umkhosi kwiMfazwe kweminyaka esixhenxe leyo yakhe.

sezakhiwo ezingalweni

Kwi elizayo impi ozithandayo Catherine 2, Orlov wabonisa igorha nesibindi kakhulu. Luzuko Gregory wazisa idabi wamagazi kufuphi elalini Zorndorf German, apho umkhosi Russian badibana kunye nabaphumi-Prussia uKumkani Frederick II. Ngexesha idabi nankosi lithemba abonisa inkalipho brilliant, uzibambile ephawulekayo nokunyamezela enkulu. Ukuba kwalimala izihlandlo ezithathu, wahlala phakathi kwezintlu, waziphosa kokulwa yomlo kunye esoma Raziel utshaba. Kusasazwa iindaba ngokusebenzisa sokuthimba ezintlwini hero joni, ngokwenene onke amajoni Russian, kunye nomkhosi Prussia woyiswa waza wabaleka. Ukulwa yabo sobukhalipha kunye nesibindi UGrigory Orlov wanyuselwa kwisikhundla umthetheli, kunye imfazwe naye ngoku ngokupheleleyo. Inyaniso kukuba mkhosi ngexesha imfazwe zorndorf yathinjwa Friedrich Graf von Schwerin. Umsebenzi onoxanduva lokuhambisa mbanjwa kwinkundla uKumkanikazi Elizabeth, kwaye unikwe nankosi abatsha.

Nolwazi elizayo uKumkanikazi

Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1759 kwafika Gregory kwikomkhulu emantla, apho nangoko kukwamkelwa nabazalwana bakhe, Alexei kunye Fyodor, abalungiselelayo elikwinqanaba neerhuluneli kunye Semenovski Preobrazhensky Guards regiments ngokulandelelanayo. Emnye sasincokola xa luthe phithi isiyunguma avuye, uthando adventure imidlalo ikhadi. Noko ke, ngo-1760 Gregory bafuduka Yabalindi zokudubula yaye bamisa mkhosi izidwangube eziphezulu kakhulu - Bala Petra Ivanovicha Shuvalova. Kanye embindini yenkundla, inzwana Orlov wadibana iminyaka engamashumi amathathu Catherine, enomtsalane nabanamava kwimicimbi uthando, kodwa ngaxeshanye umfazi bengonwabanga enesifo ubulolo kunye nokuthotywa kumyeni wakhe. UGrigory ubhidwe elizayo uKumkanikazi lobutsha bakhe, uthando kunye adventurism. Kangangexesha elide umthandi ngakwazi ukufihla ulwalamano yabo bangaphandle.

Iyelenqe nxamnye uKhesare

Orlov, wayesaziwa yabantu nesibindi ngokunyaniseka, babenempilo udumo omkhulu Guards regiments, emele enkulu amandla kunye nenkxaso ubukhosi. Abazalwana ezingxoxweni kunye nabahlobo, waqala ukudala umfanekiso ngegorha Grand neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya, ngokuthe ngcembe sisondela ecaleni layo inani wabanumzana kunye emkhosini. ukuziphatha zobukhulu yindlalifa kwitrone uPetros, nabo negalelo ndwa yayo. Eyokuqala i yelenqe kombuso, ngubani kuquka yangoku (Orlov) kunye elizayo (G. Potemkin) Abalandeli Catherine 2, bammisa December 25, 1761, usuku ukufa uKumkanikazi Elizabeth. Nangona kunjalo, i-Grand neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya ilifa ngokwakhe kwi ilahleko, oko yokothuka eyoyikekayo, lidakile lo mzuzu. Noko ke, ukudideka Catherine sizathu kungekudala yaziwa. Wayeneminyaka iinyanga ezintlanu ekhulelwe, nabo bonke ngamagosa babeyazi into yokuba ukuba uGregory uyise womntwana. Le nkwenkwe wazalwa ngo-Apreli 1762, yathiywa igama Alexei, wafumana itayitile Count kwaye yaba ngunozala a Bobrinskys usapho unguwo.

palace ubhedu

I "amanyathelo" yokuqala uMlawuli Peter III (isiphelo uxolo ne-Prussia kunye ohlel Yabalindi, leyo yaba undoqo yomkhosi Russian) yabangela ukungoneliseki enkulu eluntwini. Abazalwana Orlov, simanyene ingcwangu emkhosini, wagqiba ekubeni achithe ubusuku we 27 ku June 28 kombuso, injongo leyo ukubhukuqa umlawuli. Aleksey Orlov uCatherine savela Peterhof ukuya komkhulu, apho badibana Gregory kunye namaqabane akhe. Baye nabalindi regiments wafunga isigxina nguzwilakhe elizayo, yaye ukususela 9 kusasa kwi Kazan Cathedral waqalisa ibekwa rite. Peter III, lo gama Oranienbaum, wayesazi kakuhle nokuphela isikhundla sakhe, yaye siziva yasayinwa shela yakhe. UKumkanikazi wayesazi konke malunga nendima enkulu yabazalwana bakhe izihlandlo ebekwe abaninzi iphindwe kamva ukuba ufumbethe ku Orlov.

UGrigory Orlov - luthandwa of uCatherine Omkhulu

Emva kokuba ibekwa ka-Catherine, bazijizeke izihloko, izihloko kunye iimbasa zonke namahlakani akhe, wafudukela Winter Palace. Eagles, nangona ukumkanikazi banikela kwilifa, zithanda ukuhlala ecaleni intanda yakhe. Kuye kwafika ixesha elihle ngokwenene. Sakhiwe kwisihloko count, wamkela elikwinqanaba uMajor General, UGrigory waqalisa ilifa amandla amakhulu, uye usoloko yamkelwe kakuhle kakhulu uKumkanikazi, yaye kuxoxwa naye yonke imicimbi karhulumente. UCatherine II nangokuzinikela wayendithanda ayithanda kunye nzulu ngokuya ukuya Orlov utshatile. Nguzwilakhe bayayeka ukwenza njalo, ubunzima obukhulu, kodwa wakwazi Count Nikita Panin. Ababhali-mbali bayazi kuye esithi, "Mama, sonke sithobela umyalelo we uKumkanikazi, kodwa baya kuphulaphula ezi sisidwangube Orlov?" Gregory, ngokutsho okuzibonela, yena naye wayeyoliswa kakhulu Catherine kwaye anike isipho esixabisekileyo, edume yona diamond enkulu.

Life kwinkundla

UGrigory ebesoloko yaxhasa iinzame ze uKumkanikazi kunye nobungakanani amagunya ayo wazama ukumnceda kulawulo karhulumente. Wayengenalo ukukhanuka amandla, nto leyo lifumana abaninzi oluthandayo uCatherine Omkhulu kunye bomhla wakhe wathetha ngaye umntu onesisa, ukholose entle natured. Graf Orlov waba nomdla kwinzululwazi bulumko, imibongo kunye nobugcisa. Wasinika inkxaso kunye ukusekelwa i Lomonosov omkhulu, yaye emva kokufa kwakhe, unako ukuthenga yonke imisebenzi sisazinzulu uzigcinele mva. Wayengomnye lwabasunguli iphulo lokulwa baseTurkey ukuze bafumane kuLwandle Black. Nangona uKumkanikazi, akamvumela nesithandwa sakhe emfazweni, nokusebenzisa wafunyanwa ngokukhawuleza. UGrigory Orlov, luthandwa ka uCatherine Omkhulu, wathunyelwa eMoscow ekulweni ubhubhane kweso sibetho. Wakwazi ukubonisa apho izakhono zakhe zeziko kunye ngenyanga into yokuhlambulula isixeko isibetho eloyikekayo. UCatherine wadibana lover liqhawe wakhe, wayalela ukuba kwakhiwe i-Arc de Triomphe kunye uphose imbasa kunye umzobo ubalo njengentlonipho yokumbulela.

Sunset ikhwezi eliqaqambileyo

April 18, 1772 uGregory wathunyelwa eRomania iintetho kunye baseTurkey. Olo hambo Orlov wafumanisa ukuba uCatherine II yaba oyithandayo entsha. Kwacaca ukuba Alexey Semenovich Vasilchikov (1746-1813) - sezigodlo LOBOMI Guards webutho, ebeyinalo usapho odumileyo amanene. Gregory Agasti 28, baphazamise nkomfa yaye bagaleleka eSt Petersburg, enqwenela kudibana uKumkanikazi. Catherine ngelo xesha sele ifumene ingxelo evela Count Panin kunye iindaba ukuba iinkozi ayiphumelelanga uthethathethwano, yaye ekugqibeleni wagqiba kwaphuka naye. UKumkanikazi wala owayeyintombi yakhe kubaphulaphuli kwaye amthumele "iholide" yonyaka, wazibeka kunye nomxholo izityebi yonyaka, kwakunye amawaka ngamakhoboka. Ngowe-1777, Earl watshata umzala wakhe, ngubani kungekudala wagula nesifo sephepha kunye wafa. UGrigory ayikwazanga ukuma kokufa kwakhe, ingqondo ezonakeleyo wafa Aprili 24, 1783.

Ubomi ke ningemi

Alex Vasilchikov wandivelisa data obalaseleyo ezigcinwe yi yintandane lwangaphambili uCatherine Omkhulu. Nangona wayeneminyaka eli-17 abangaphantsi uKumkanikazi, kodwa eyahlukileyo ukunqongophala kwemfundo kunye ndidikwe ngokukhawuleza uKumkanikazi. Yeenzuzo bayo bangonakala ezichongiweyo nokungazingci kuphela, yaye akazange asebenzise isikhundla sakhe. Waye indawo ngo-1774 kwafika Grigoriy Aleksandrovich Potemkin, owaba enye yala madoda abadumileyo ngexesha lakhe, ukususela uqhagamshelwano ngayo uCatherine wazala intombi - Elizabeth Grigorievna. Le nakumlibo losapho amanene abangathathi ntweni, Potemkin waba laseburhulumenteni enkulu, umhlobo kunye nentsebenziswano umlawuli kanye uKumkanikazi. Kwi "iposi" ozithandayo UGrigory esikhundleni Pet Vasilevich Zavadovsky, owaba wezikhakhamela owaziwayo. Ebudeni bolawulo Alexander I, umzukulwana Catherine kaThixo, wanikwa isikhundla sokuba nguMphathiswa weMfundo.

A amagama ambalwa esiphelweni

Abalandeli UCatherine 2, owayesakuba ikakhulu mkhosi babuzolile Prince Potemkin, intsimbi ukuphumelela omnye komnye. Abanye babo, ezifana iqhawe elizayo kweMfazwe Patriotic, Alekseya Petrovicha Ermolova, yaphinda yathandwa nothando yabantu. Uninzi, ubhala kwincwadi yakhe ethi, "luthandwa of uCatherine Enkulu" Sorotokina NM, benza ukubawa kunazo, urhwaphilizo, bayikhupha wokulondoloza imali karhulumente. A ngumkhuba alunamkhethe wasincamela ibala emnyama kwi kwimbali yonke karhulumente Russian.

Yintandane kakhulu ezaziwayo-kakuhle uCatherine Omkhulu

Iifoto abathile kubo ungabona kweli nqaku. Nangona zonke izilwanyana uKumkanikazi. Yongeza ziThandwyo Catherine 2, wamkela ethandwa kakhulu: Aleksey Petrovich Ermolov (iqhawe elizayo zemfazwe kunye kukaNapoleon), Grigoriy Aleksandrovich Potemkin (igosa laseburhulumenteni mkhulu sexesha) kunye Platon Zubov, yintandane yokugqibela uKumkanikazi.