Zezityalo inyama kunye nenkcazo emfutshane

izixwexwe Plant abasakwazi zahlukahlukene. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, iimpawu morphological lwesakhiwo nganye kuxhomekeke ngqo kwimisebenzi yayo eliphunyeziweyo. It isigqibo sokwabela ezinye iintlobo zazo:

• imfundo;
• ngeso lenyama;
• mechanical;
• conductive;
• esisiseko.

isakhiwo nganye inemisebenzi ethile, nto leyo eza kuxoxwa ngezantsi.

esiqwini sesityalo Educational

inyama Educational kuthiwa meristems. Esi sakhiwo iqulathe, iiseli ezincinane polyhedral ngeendonga ezibhityileyo. Bona asondelelene kunye. Phantsi neemicroscope ungabona ukuba babe ingxenye enkulu kunye vacuoles ezininzi ezincinane. A phawu olulodwa eli laphu kukuba nako zaso ahlulelane ngokuqhubekekayo. Le nto iqinisekisa ukuba ukukhula rhoqo kwisityalo. It isigqibo ukwaba ezi ndidi zilandelayo:

• meristem Primary - isityalo abadala eli laphu lugcinwe iincam amahlumelo tips ingcambu. Kuliwa Bulelani ekukhuleni kwakhe zamabanga isityalo ubude.
• meristem Secondary - cambium thaca kunye fellogenom. Ezi amalaphu ukubonelela ukwanda zasesekondari stem kunye nengcambu ubukhulu. Xa indawo ekude apical, osecaleni meristem secondary eyodwa.

Ngeso lenyama plant lolwabo

Ilinen ikhava ibekwe phezu komphezulu umzimba kwisityalo. Owona msebenzi wayo - kukho ukhuseleko. izakhiwo ezinjalo banoxanduva ukungawi izityalo ntshikilelo ngomatshini, ukukhusela ngokuchasene utshintsho obushushu okukhawulezayo kunye komphunga ngokugqithiseleyo ukufuma, ukukhusela ngokuchasene ukungena kwamagciwane. Amalungu inshorensi zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amathathu eziphambili:

• Sangaphandle (isikhumba) - ke inyama singundoqo iqulathe amancinci, ngaphaya, kwaye angenziwa ivaliwe phakathi iiseli. Njengomgaqo, olu hlobo laphu babugubungela ubuso amagqabi kunye namasebe abaselula. Le epidermal umaleko amagqabi kuquka yokondliwa - ukubunjwa athi abenoxanduva iinkqubo kunaniselwano negesi transpiration.
• Periderm - ukutyabeka laphu zasesekondari, nto leyo ibekwa esiqwini kwaye ingcambu komhlaba. Le ibandakanya feloggena kunye nale. Cork iseli umaleko ofileyo, iindonga apho buzane a suberin kweziyobisi manzi.
• Cork - tissue, nto leyo uphawu imithi kunye etyholweni. Lo maleko ukuyigubungela zomzimba na inxalenye olungaphandle ngesiciko.

Ukuqhuba nezihlunu izityalo

Umsebenzi osemqoka eli qela izicwili - zothutho ngamanzi kunye neeminerali umzimba esityalo. Ukwahlula phakathi kwezi ntlobo zilandelayo lweziqalelo conductive:

• Xylem - ihambisa amanzi kunye nezithako ichithwe ukusuka njengengcambu iindawo emhlabeni esityalo. Siqulathe inqanawa okhethekileyo, ebizwa uqhoqhoqho kunye tracheids.
• Phloem - eli laphu, nto leyo inika top-phantsi ngoku. Ngokusebenzisa ngemibhobho ngesihlungulo zonke izondlo eziphilayo, ezo kuhlelwe yi amagqabi yandele kwamanye amalungu zesityalo, kubandakanywa nenkqubo ingcambu.

Eyona ngelaphu izityalo: parenchyma

Eli laphu ubunjwe iiseli eziphilayo ezincinane ngeendonga ezibhityileyo. Ukuba sisiseko onke amalungu. Oku kuquka:

• Nokwenziwa inyama - zinezintlu iiseli ezininzi kunye chloroplasts zinoxanduva iinkqubo zefotosinthesis kwaye ukuyilwa kwezinto eziphilayo. Inkoliso yezi kwinyama eziqulethwe amagqabi.
• izixwexwe Ukugcinwa - iiseli ezifakwe izondlo. Le esikule buzinze yeziqhamo, iingcambu kunye nembewu.
• Water ngokuzala inyama - zisetyenziselwa ukuqokelelela kunye nokulondolozwa kwamanzi. Ezi ijwabu uphawu kwezityalo abahlala kwimozulu eshushu neyomileyo, ezifana cactus.
• Ilaphu womoya - amalaphu ezinjalo nemingxuma ezinkulu intercellular leyo nomoya. Aerenchyma uphawu nomgxobhozo kunye nezityalo nezilwanyana zasemanzini.

esiqwini sesityalo Mechanical

Noxanduva lokwenza benqwanqwa olomeleleyo. Baxhasa indlela zesityalo, iyenza ukumelana nempembelelo ngoomatshini. Le ibandakanya ilaphu enjalo ngesikhumba zamafu iiseli. Eyona kakhulu zomzimba mechanical yaphuhliswa yeentonga zesityalo.