Yiyiphi eyona ndlela iphambili kwe-physical education yabantwana?

imfundo Physical komntwana yeyona nkalo ibalulekileyo kuphuhliso olubanzi ubuntu. Oku kunegalelo ukuyilwa kwento indoda encinane iimpawu ezifana ezintle njengokuba ukukhuthala, ukuzibophelela kunye njengeqela. Ukongezelela, imfundo ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nempilo ubasukelayo iinjongo. Oku kunceda xa ugobile eyiyo yomqolo, ukomeleza lungu-articular kunye nenkqubo imisipha, kuphuhliso Iingqameko yonyawo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza amalungu nokuphefumla, imithambo yegazi kunye nentliziyo.

Iindlela-physical education

Indlela yokusombulula imisebenzi ebalulekileyo enjalo ukuvumela umntwana akhule uphuhliso esempilweni-gingxi ubuntu? Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ezi zixhobo zilandelayo isicelo uqeqesho emzimbeni kokuya esikolweni abantwana:

• imiba yezempilo;
• umzimba;
• amandla endalo, njalo-njalo. d.

Fezekisa iziphumo enemisebenzi kwi umzimba umntwana kuba ukusetyenziswa oluhlanganisiweyo zonke ezi zibonelelo kuphela. Oku kuya kuba negalelo kwimfundo ngokwasemzimbeni yabantwana.

Indima ebalulekileyo kule meko inikwa izinto zisempilweni. Le imo yokucima kunye noqeqesho, isondlo kunye uphaphama. Ukongeza, ootitshala nabazali kufuneka bafundise abantwana lococeko izihlangu nezambatho, kwakunye ukucocwa amagumbi qela, amaqokobhe lemidlalo izincedisi.

Ukusebenza umntu omncinane zinokukhuliswa kakhulu, kwaye zimeko zendalo zendalo, ezifana namanzi, umoya kunye ilanga. Umntwana lowo umoya evulekileyo, isebenze ukusebenza komzimba. izinto zendalo igalelo lukhuni. Ukongeza, ngoncedo lwabo wenza iindlela zoqeqesho thermoregulatory komzimba. Kunye nokusetyenziswa amandla endalo, idityaniswe neentlobo umthambo ukuze ukukhawulezisa nethe nokuphucula zokuzikhusela zomzimba.

Ukubaluleka zeentshukumo esebenzayo

Yiyiphi eyona ndlela iphambili kwe-physical education na umntwana? Impendulo engagungqiyo. Lo msebenzi. Zisetyenziswa ekusombululeni lonke uluhlu iingxaki zemfundo kunye nezempilo, injongo yazo luphuhliso olupheleleyo umntu abatsha ngabodwa.

Lo mntwana yenza kakhulu izenzo motor, ezo kakhulu zahlukahlukene. Yena sculpts kwaye isenza, udlala nemidaniso. Wokuhlangana bentshukumo zadityaniswa isenzo ezifunekayo.

A incinane

Kutheni sicinga umthambo njengendlela yokuqala yemfundo emzimbeni? Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, kufuneka wenze uhambo olufutshane ukuya kwixesha elidlulileyo. Kumaxesha amandulo lo msebenzi yaba yinxalenye yobomi mntu. Ngoncedo lwabo kwanelise imfuno izindlu kunye nokutya, nokuzala, ubushushu njalo njalo. D. ke loo mntu uhamba kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso. Kunye naye ukuba nobugoci-goci bayo intshukumo yayo.

Yintoni ebangele msebenzi? Bathi ngenxa yomsebenzi, ukuzingela, kunye neemfazwe. Umntu kwakufuneka ukuze asinde. Yiyo ke loo nto umbona nokuphucuka komgangatho kumzimba ezifana amandla ngokukhawuleza, unyamezelo, isantya kunye bhetyebhetye. Phantse zonke iiklasi ezifunwa yi nobuchule babantu kunye nokukwazi ukwenza iintshukumo ezithile. Kungenxa yoko le nto phambi kokuba wokufuna, abantu isicelo umfanekiso nasemaweni izilwanyana kunye kutolwe ngeentolo. Yaba uhlobo loqeqesho, ngenxa apho nomzingeli bazuze izakhono eziyimfuneko ukubamba irhamncwa.

Ukuvela msebenzi wenziwa kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa inkqubo lwezabasebenzi kunye nezenzo zonqulo, kwakunye nezinye iziganeko ezininzi eziye ezenzeka ekuhlaleni. Ngophuhliso impucuko ngcembe aphelelwe ukufana eyayikho phakathi kwabasebenzi kunye umthambo. Kulo mzekelo, lomsebenzi motor ezahlukeneyo ngcembe ndaqala ukuzihlalela izenzo ezithile. Baqala ke ukuba kusetyenziswa kwimfundo ebonakalayo umntu wabiza imithambo. Yaba baphosa, nowuphiwa, ukutsiba, iqula, njalo njalo. D. Ngaba nisekelwe imithambo ngqo kuphuhliso liqela izihlunu. Bazenza ngezinto okanye ngaphandle kwazo.

imidlalo yandile yaye mobile ezithe zavela kumaxesha amandulo. It rhandziwa hi abaninzi rounders, Isitovu, lovishki kunye nangaphezulu. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, kwakukho ezemidlalo (ekhatywayo, hockey, intenetya ngaske kweenkundla, njalo njalo. D.).
Indalo kunye nophuhliso ngakumbi msebenzi akayeki namhlanje. Uphuhliso lwezi zixokelelwano zitsha kunye ukuphucula ngakumbi nangakumbi, ukuvumela ukuphuhlisa umsebenzi lwemoto abantwana.

Yintoni na umzimba?

Ubomi nawuphi na umntu akunakwenzeka ngaphandle intshukumo esebenzayo. Zibalulekile ngokukodwa umzimba umntwana elisaphuhlayo. Ngomhla umbuzo wokuba ingaba oko njengendlela yokuqala yemfundo emzimbeni, unako ukunika impendulo ecacileyo. Oku kuqinisekiswa kodwa nolwazi mfundo nje eluncedo pedagogy. Indlela ethile engundoqo imfundo ebonakalayo yomntu - ukuba umthambo. Zisetyenziswa ngokudityaniswa, kwangaxeshanye ekusombululeni iinjongo zemfundo kunye nezempilo.

A ezahlukeneyo umthambo njengendlela ephambili-physical education kakhulu ngempumelelo bavelise nokulungiswa karhulumente psychophysical kumzimba okhulayo.

Ngokutsho kwithiyori uqeqesho nokuziqhelanisa ngokwasemzimbeni, igama elithi "umthambo" uye iintsingiselo 2. Okokuqala, oko ukufumanisa iindidi iintshukumo ezahlukeneyo motor. Baya kusetyenziswa amaziko physical education. Ukongeza, phantsi msebenzi kakuhle imisebenzi ngokuphindaphindiweyo yokwandisa kucwangciswe ngokungqinelana kunye nezikhokelo. Omabini la magama ezichaza nolwalamano olusondeleyo nabanye. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iiyantlukwano phakathi kwabo. Ukutolikwa lokuqala elithi "umthambo" kuyinto Ngokusisiseko malunga ukusebenzisa izixhobo kukho lichaphazela impilo yabantwana. Nhlamuselo yesibini ucacisa oku iyaveliswa ngayo.

Enxulumene umthambo?

Asingabo bonke abantwana iintshukumo esebenzayo igalelo kwinkqubo yemfundo. Eyona ndlela yokuqala yemfundo ebonakalayo ngohlobo umthambo kwenzeka kuphela xa amatakane umsebenzi ejoliswe ekusombululeni iingxaki kuphuhliso evumelanayo ubuntu, yaye ngokuxhomekeke yonke imithetho yenkqubo zokufundisa. Njengoko iintshukumo ezifana linokusebenzisa njengomtyibilizi, ukuhamba, ukuqubha, njalo njalo. D. Zenza njengendlela wemfundo emzimbeni kokuya esikolweni abantwana. iintshukumo zisinceda ukuqinisekisa umsebenzi esebenza yento ephilayo kunye nokuphuculwa iimpawu yengqondo neyomzimba somntu. Kuyimfuneko ukuba sisoloko sikhumbula ukuba oko kuthetha imfundo ebonakalayo esisiseko kwaye akukho alingane namanye amanyathelo nendlu kunye nabasebenzi.

Iziqulatho ngemibutho zoqeqesho

Ukuzilolonga iqulathe yezenzo motor ezithile kwaye iinkqubo ezithe zenzeka ngexesha elinye kwiinkqubo zomzimba wonke. Ekuqhubeni imisebenzi esebenzayo kunye nabantwana kufuneka angenise isimo sengqondo abazi ejoliswe ekufezekiseni iziphumo ezinqwenelekayo yesenzo. Oku ingqinelana imisebenzi ejongene ootitshala.

Kutheni umthambo iyindlela eyinhloko yemfundo? Ngenxa kuphumezo lwazo kukho ukusebenza ebalulekileyo lweenkqubo ngengqondo kunye nokumela motor. Uqala engqondo, ingqalelo, inkumbulo, njalo njalo .. Ukongeza, ngokwenza umthambo kuqinisa iinkqubo sentliziyo, Wayesoyika sokuphefumla. iintshukumo Active ifuna abanye abantwana okuzimisela ekhuthaza uphuhliso kwisigaba kunye sensorimotor imisebenzi iimvakalelo.

izixhobo umzimba

Le nto iquka indlela apho kuyimfuneko traffic kwinethiwekhi. izixhobo umthambo zinokuba nomahluko. Oku kuthetha ukuba izinga kunye neendlela uphumezo (ngasemva, ukuze iikawusi kunye t. D.). Kukhetho lo iteknoloji kunefuthe elikhulu kwiziphumo ukuzilolonga. Ukongeza, ngexesha leeseshoni rhoqo kusetyenziswa izixhobo zokudlala, nto leyo evumela ukuba intshukumo bafezeke.

Izixhobo na umthambo inamacandelo amathathu. Eyokuqala isiseko. Ezi iimpawu ukuzilolonga eziyilelwe ukusombulula ingxaki intshukumo. Icandelo lesibini ubugcisa iiseshoni esebenzayo ocacisa unit. Le yinxalenye yentlangano, nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu. Umzekelo yokumisela isizathu kwinqanaba unako ukukhonza imilenze xa utsibela kuloo ndawo. Yaba iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu kunye nezixhobo umthambo. Bona izenzo ngokukodwa esebenzayo yesibini na kutshintshwa.

Age features imisebenzi

Abazali abaninzi bayazi ukuba indlela eyintloko yemfundo ngokwasemzimbeni yabantwana. Yiloo nto, ukususela ekuqaleni ebomini inzala, oomama nootata kulichitha nabantwana babo iiseshoni esebenzayo. Kunye nentshukumo womntwana kufuneka angqinelane iminyaka yayo. Umzekelo, kwi esifubeni ubomi umntwana unako kuphela umthambo isixando okanye sokwenziwa-active, ukwenza ukuba kunceda abantu abadala. Ezi seshoni zihamba kunye iibhate moya nokuphulula. Esakhula, umntwana uqala ukukhasa, ilungiselela ukuba bahambe, wakhwela alahlele ibhola. Kweli xesha lwezithuthi data kwaye umzimba eziyimfuneko ukuze uphuhliso lobuqu.

Iiklasi ezintsonkothileyo ziqhutywa kunye nabantwana iminyaka 5-6. Yiyiphi eyona ndlela iphambili yemfundo ebonakalayo kule ubudala? Le mithambo ezifanayo zophuhliso jikelele. kids ukhule kuphela ukuba oko bakufunayo:

• iintlobo ezahlukeneyo nokubaleka, ukuhamba, ukutsiba, kunye ukucaca;
• yokwakha, ukujika isakhiwo;
• iyahamba umdaniso.

iindlela zokufunda

Indlela ephambili ezithile zemfundo ngokwasemzimbeni, nto leyo lo msebenzi, unako ukusebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Tholo yayizezona zinto ze zoqeqesho esebenzayo zokunyanga abantwana:

• fizkultminutki;
• asebenzisa kusasa;
• uqeqesho ngokomzimba;
• imidlalo ngaphandle;
• self-emisebenzi.

asebenzisa ngayo ekuseni

Indlela ephambili ezithile kwe-physical education - iintlobo olulandelenayo. ukuphunyezwa yenziwa ngokusebenzisa icandelwana kangangokuba ifakiwe ikwimo amatakane imini nemithambo kusasa. imithambo yakhe zikuvumela ukuba ukubamba inhibition ethile eseleyo emva ukulala ebusuku. Oku inika uqeqesho kwabo onke amaqela izihlunu, okwenza ukuba ngendlela ethile elungileyo nokulungiselela umzimba ethe komntwana ukuya phambili ntshikilelo.

Ubude yoqeqesho ixhomekeke ubudala abantwana. Ngoko ke, eli qela omncinci umzimba ngokwaneleyo imizuzu 4-5. kindergartners Senior Kufuneka iiseshoni elide imizuzu 10-12.

Yonke imisebenzi kunye ezikhethiweyo ukwenzela ukuvelisa uphuhliso efanayo zamaqela ezahlukeneyo izihlunu le ibhanti ngaxhatha ayeke. Eminye isebenzisa motion ukwandisa yokucolwa yomzimba. Kuyinto iintlobo nokuxhuma, ngelinye kunye njengomtyibilizi, ukukhanya. Kwinqanaba lokugqibela ukuzilolonga kusasa elawula ukusebenza iinkqubo bokuphefumla sentliziyo. Oku kunokwenzeka ngokuhamba umthambo, amanyathelo umdaniso njalo njalo. D.

Fizkultminutka

Indlela ephambili ezithile yemfundo emzimbeni kwaye omfutshane kwiiklasi ixesha. It fizkultminutki ukuba Kucetyiswa embindini, kwakunye namaqela abaphezulu amalungiselelo ngexesha yengqesho okanye ekhefu phakathi kwabo. Nkqu elifutshane dukuthamba ikuvumela ukuba ukususa ekhathala kwaye abuyisele urhulumente entle ngokweemvakalelo.

fizkultminutka phansi kubanjwa. Ihlela kwaye eme etafileni apho benza abantwana. It iqulathe ukuzilolonga amabini okanye amathathu kwi intshukumo iingalo, ulwandiso isiqu, kwaye amanyathelo kuloo ndawo. Konke oku iyazingenela izihlunu kwaye lwandisa esifubeni. Yenza le mithambo akukho ngaphezu kwemizuzu omnye okanye emibini.

imidlalo yangaphandle

Xa efundisa, kwaye basoloko olunye uhlobo lomsebenzi kunye nabantwana. Oku imidlalo edlalelwa. Njengendlela kweeklasi physical education zezi:

• wandise amava motor umntwana, nawenza ngayo zombini iintshukumo ezintsha ezintsonkothileyo;
• ukuphucula izakhono ezikhoyo kids motor;
• ukukhulisa umsebenzi, inkululeko kunye nobudlelwane yoontanga kakuhle kwiqela;
• neempawu ezifana nonyamezelo, isantya ngokukhawuleza.

imidlalo yangaphandle njengendlela ephambili kunye neendlela teacher zemfundo emzimbeni icwangciswe kwangaphambili. Kulo mzekelo, babandakanyiwe kwimowudi amatakane imini. Kusasa abantwana kukho imidlalo ngokwabo. Baya kuqhubeka emva kokuba sele ukuhamba. Kuphela apha ke luhlobo umsebenzi wemihla ngemihla ngutitshala. Ubude bahlela imidlalo yaphandle kwaye imithambo esitratweni, ngokuqhelekileyo imizuzu 30-40. Ngokuhlwa loo izifundo sirhoxiswe imiz 10-15. Olu hlobo loqeqesho umthambo kuqinisa impilo yosana kunye nesimo imizimba yazo. Kaloku, ukuba ngexesha le mithambo abantwana baya kunikwa izixhobo kunye nezemidlalo iinzuzo, ushukumisa umsebenzi weentshukumo.

ukuziqesha

umthambo enokwenziwa ngesicelo kunye phulo kwabantwana. Kulo mzekelo, babeza kuba uziqeshile. Sekunjalo, umsebenzi umzimba onjalo kufuneka ibe phantsi kweliso lomgadi utitshala. Olu hlobo lomsebenzi kunye amatakane igxile kuphuhliso intshukumo kunye ukuyilwa imikhwa self-umthambo.

Iindlela ukusetyenziswa nenkcubeko ebonakalayo

Emva koko, usebenzisa indlela esetyenziswayo iintshukumo esebenzayo bekhulisa abantwana ixhomekeke yobudala kunye nemiqathango yengqesho kunye nezingenayo kids amathuba. Kukho amaqela amabini iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Eyokuqala kwezi zinto ethile. Zisetyenziswa kuphela kwinkqubo yemfundo emzimbeni. Iqela lesibini iquka iindlela jikelele zokufundisa.

nethuba lokubamba kwabo yokusebenzisa isebenza kuzo zonke iimeko zemfundo noqeqesho. Uluhlu kwezenzo ezithile ziquka:

• iindlela kulawulwa ngokungqongqo sibiza. umzimba;
• imidlalo ngaphandle;
• indlela kukhuphiswano, xa mithambo zisetyenziswa ngendlela kukhuphiswano.

Zonke ezi ndlela zenzelwe ukuba ukuhlangabezana nemingeni lokufundisa abantwana msebenzi wobugcisa. bancedisa kwakhona kwimfundo iimpawu emzimbeni.
Yonke imisebenzi for abantwana zinikelwe ifomu eziphathekayo. Kusenokuba kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, ezifana 'ukubaleka phantsi kwesitulo. " Ngaphezu koko, ootitshala zisetyenziswa okuyiyo umsebenzi Ukulinganisa. Umzekelo, "run kufuneka kube cwaka mouse." iindlela ezithile zibandakanya imfundo ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nokusebenza izinto ezahlukeneyo (yeentsasa, iibhola kunye ezifana. D.). Kulo mzekelo, lonke uqeqesho livela iintshukumo elula nezenzo ezintsonkothileyo.

Xa isicelo obschepedagogicheskih iindlela kusetyenziswa iindlela ngomlomo nezibonwayo ingxelo. Yiyiphi indlela ukukhetha ngutitshala ukuze inkqubo physical education? Kufuneka usebenzise indlela ngaphezu kwesinye. ukuhlanganiswa kuphela abaza kubonelela isisombululo ngempumelelo kule ngxaki.

Ukuze abafundi ababhalise kwiikholeji zoqeqesho lootitshala, abafundi, nto leyo imfundo ultimate elibonakalayo, MIT inikeza ukwazisa amaphepha elide esele zenziwe kunye nezincoko ngalo mbandela.