Yintoni umahluko ukukhula ukusuka kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho? itheyibhile uthelekiso

Le mbono "yokukhula kwezoqoqosho" kunye "nophuhliso lwezoqoqosho" lisondele kakhulu kwintsingiselo, kodwa hayi twatse endalweni. Yintoni kuluhlu imigaqo? Yintoni umahluko ukukhula ukusuka kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho?

Eli kuphuhliso loqoqosho

Uphuhliso loqoqosho - inkqubo ende, esibonakala kumqolo nemininzi, nesigubungelo ngqo uqoqosho kuphela sikarhulumente, kodwa kwicandelo loluntu kunye nakwezinye iindawo. Eli gama libhekisela amazwe ekuphuhliseni uqoqosho (ngokungafaniyo ukukhula ukusuka kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho sikuko yokuba kwekota yokuqala sichaza utshintsho kwezoqoqosho phambili).

Uphuhliso loqoqosho esibonakaliswa ekuphuculeni ngokubanzi karhulumente ntle, oko kuthetha ukwanda imivuzo yokwenene, ukuphucula izalathisi zentlalo ezininzi: umgangatho wemfundo, uphuhliso yenkcubeko. Eminye imiba ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho - isibheno karhulumente kwisicwangciso mali, izinga lotshintshiselwano zizinze (okanye nokonyuka ixabiso lwemali kazwelonke).

Isalathisi se uthsintsho kwezoqoqosho

Ngokutsho sifundo yinkampani yophicotho ngamazwe Grant Thornton kunye neziko anegunya kuqoqosho zophando Economist Intelligence Unit, nokurhafiswa kuphuhliso loqoqosho enamandla ekhokelwa yi-Australia, ogama isalathiso ilingana amanqaku emashumi mathandathu anamithandathu. Phezulu ezintathu lukwaquka Chile kunye neTshayina. score Rating kuxhomekeke kuvavanyo lobuchwepheshe imeko kuqoqosho izikhombisi ezingamashumi amabini neyenziwe amaqela ngamaqela zolawulo.

Amaqela zamazwe ngokubhekiselele kuphuhliso loqoqosho

Ngu inqanaba lophuhliso lwezoqoqosho lulonke ichonge amaqela ithi:

• amazwe aphuhlileyo, nto leyo kunganxulunyaniswa uqoqosho ezintsha eli lizwe kunye umgangatho ophezulu wokuphila. Oku Japan, eUnited States, eJamani, Australia, Finland, kunye nabanye abaninzi. State of eli qela luphawulwa ezikumgangatho ophezulu lwabantu bokusebenza, ubunkokheli kwinzululwazi, ubugcisa, amayeza, imfundo kunye namanye amashishini, umgangatho ophezulu wobomi wabemi.

• Kumazwe asakhasayo, apho umgomo zazo eziphambili ukuleqa kunye kwezoqoqosho kuphuhliswa kwinqanaba kunye nomgangatho wobomi wabemi. La mazwe ziquka China, Chile, Mexico, Pakistan, Latvia, Czech Republic, iCroatia, Kazakhstan kunye nabanye.
• Amazwe ngokwaneleyo, ezo zinto ziyancipha. Oku amazwe aseAfrika, isiqithi ithi, kwakunye Mongolia, Afghanistan, Yemen, Bangladesh, nezinto ezinjengezo.

Ukukhula koqoqosho: ingqiqo

Ukukhula kwezoqoqosho yahlukile kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho? Ukukhula kwezoqoqosho - ingqiqo kunye ingqiqo elimxinwa. Yinkqubo kwaye zibandakanya utshintsho elifutshane elide umthamo imveliso ngendlela eyakhayo. Ukukhula kwezoqoqosho yahlukile kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho, ngoko ke njengokubonisa: elithi "yokukhula" kuqoqosho ingavezwa ingqiqo ka "imveliso yasekhaya" yaye "iyonke imveliso yasekhaya", lo gama uphuhliso loqoqosho kungenxa kuquka umgangatho wokuphila, okanye kwinqanaba loluntu.

Ngokwemiqathango ukukhula koqoqosho kubabela ezi ntlobo ngezenzeko:

• Uniform, nto leyo waphawula kwi-European Union okanye eUnited States.
• Lo mmangaliso kwezoqoqosho ebizwa ngokuba eye luphawulwa uqoqosho loMzantsi Korea, Hong Kong okanye Japan.
• Intlekele yokukhula - nokwehla kwezoqoqosho, sikhatshwe kukwehla kumgangatho wokuphila. Isimo ekuso ukuba amazwe Central African.
• Ukungabikho ukukhula leyo alunasiphumo kwi kwinqanaba loluntu. Le nkqubo awayezibona Zimbabwe.

Imiba echaphazela ukukhula koqoqosho

Phakathi neemeko eziphembelela ukukhula koqoqosho kumazwe asakhasayo ezinokuhlelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• inqanaba lophuhliso kwezithuthi kunye nezinye iintlobo izibonelelo (ezoqoqosho, unxibelelwano);
• inguqu esukela kwezolimo kwimveliso onemveliso (ukushukumiseka zabasebenzi);
• ekungeneni koncedo lwemali kunye notyalo-mali evela kwamanye amazwe;
• imigangatho yemfundo kunye nenqanaba lokufunda nokubhala, leyo singachazwa njengento yokusebenza engaphezulu yabasebenzi;
• ixabiso imali ekhoyo;
• izinga lorhwaphilizo.

itheyibhile uthelekiso

Yintoni umahluko ukukhula ukusuka kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho? umahluko omkhulu kubonakala ngokucacileyo kule theyibhile ingezantsi.

Ngazo phakathi kwezi ngcamango zimbini kukuba ukukhula koqoqosho phakathi amacandelo ozikhethelayo ezakha uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho, kodwa enye akusoloko ngenxa yakhe okanye imisela uphuhliso loqoqosho kwixesha elifutshane.

Yintoni umahluko ukukhula ukusuka kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho? Umahluko ebalulekileyo phakathi iingqiqo ezinje efundekayo umzekelo kuphela. Ngokomzekelo, ukukhula yabantu imele ukwanda ubunzima bomzimba nobude, oko kukuthi, abo neziphawuli engalinganiswayo, xa kuthelekiswa, zihlalutywe. Development buchazwa linani, hayi kuphela izinto eziphathekayo (ubudala, ubude kunye nobunzima bomzimba), kodwa ke imiba abstract - inkcubeko, indlela yokuziphatha, inqanaba lokukhula, izakhono zonxibelelwano, ubukrelekrele, imikhwa.

Ukukhula koqoqosho ngaphandle uphuhliso

Ukukhula koqoqosho ngaphandle uphuhliso kwenzeka xa ngokwanda iziphawuli ubuninzi akukho imigangatho yokuphila yokwenene yabemi. Le meko kungenzeka ngenxa yezi zizathu:

• Amanqanaba aphezulu orhwaphilizo, xa zonke ukuphuculwa ngohlobo imali eyongezelelweyo ziphakamile kwipokotho ikhonkco yolawulo.
• iingxaki zokusingqongileyo. Ukususwa amanyathelo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo phantse ngokuqinisekileyo uya ukwandisa umthamo imveliso, kodwa enye inowuthi ezenza ukonakala lwempilo yoluntu. Ngoko, kunye nokukhula koqoqosho ziya kuwa umgangatho wobomi abemi balo.
• ukuxinana izibonelelo zothutho. Kuwa yendlela, nto leyo isenokuba ngenxa yokothuka yokukhula koqoqosho kuya kuyenza mandundu umgangatho wobomi labemi, leyo kuya kufuneka achithe ixesha elininzi kwemikrozo yeemoto.

• Mali kwicandelo emkhosini. GDP yesizwe ukwandisa ngenxa kuphuhliso lwamashisini zokhuselo ke, ngoxa kwezinye iindawo (imfundo, ezempilo, inkcubeko) akayi inkqubela.
• Ukunqongophala iimarike. Ukunyuka volume imveliso, kubonakala ubuninzi, kuya kukhokelela ekukhuleni koqoqosho, kodwa kungekho neemarike yokuphuculwa yokwenene imigangatho yokuphila akayi kuza.

ingcaciso emfutshane umahluko

Ngokufutshane (kodwa akukho ngaphantsi ngokupheleleyo) ndicacisa umahluko phakathi kwala magama Shumper. Ukukhula kwezoqoqosho yahlukile kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho? Umbhali unika impendulo ekhoyo: ukuphakama - olu tshintsho ngokubhekiselele kobungakanani (ukwandisa imveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa), kunye nophuhliso - iimpawu ezisemgangathweni (ukuphuculwa imigangatho yokuphila yabantu, ezintsha mveliso, utyalo-mali lwangaphandle, njalo njalo).

Ngoko ke, yintoni umahluko ukukhula ukusuka kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho? Uphuhliso kufuneka iqondwe yingcamango equka ukukhula koqoqosho. It ingahlolwa eziliqela iziphawuli ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo ebonisa inkqubela yoqoqosho karhulumente xa iyonke. Ukukhula iphawulwa isafobe yokusebenza ethile kuphela.