A self-abaqeshwe ummi: msebenzi, patent

A self-abaqeshwe ummi - ingqiqo ukuba abantu abaninzi baba nomdla eRashiya. Eli binzana lisetyenziswa ukubhekisela koosomashishini ngamnye abangenazo abasebenzi kwaye imisebenzi zabucala. Enyanisweni, ukuba abo basebenza "ngokwabo." Amaxesha amaninzi, abantu abanjalo bakufumana kunzima kakhulu ukuqhuba ishishini labo, ingakumbi, ngenxa iintlawulo zerhafu kunye amaphepha. Ngoko ngeli xesha kwagqitywa ukuseka umthetho eyahlukileyo eRashiya, nto leyo iza kunceda bamazwe self-abaqeshwe ukusebenza ukuze kuzuze uluntu kwaye ufumane kwi ingeniso ngexesha elifanayo. Lo mbono uye wafumana uphuhliso esebenzayo ngo-2016. Ukuba abemi kufuneka bazazi le ezintsha? Yintoni Kucetywa ukuba ukunika iimeko abasebenza abo abasebenzela ngokwabo?

Self-nomsebenzi - is ...

Ntoni "ngabemi self-abaqeshwe '? Lo mbuzo anomdla abantu abaninzi. Ingakumbi abo uceba ukuqala amashishini abo amancinane. Kuye kuthiwe kule kota, njengokuba umthetho, luphawulwa abantu (ngomzuzu - ngoosomashishini) abasebenzela ngokwabo. Abanawo abasebenzi okanye abasebenzi karhulumente.

Ukuze othile ngayo abemi abo boss yakho naphantsi. ERashiya, umsebenzi onjalo yinto eqhelekileyo. Kuphela ngeli xesha ummi self-abaqeshwe linyanzelekile ukuba mhlawumbi bafumane umsebenzi ngokusesikweni (njengoko, umzekelo, ukuqesha umqeshwa), okanye ukuba ubhalise yena njengosomashishini ngamnye. Lidla xa oku nkqubo titsh ekhethiweyo. Not elula kakhulu. Ngoko ke, eRashiya saqalisa ukuba siqwalasele imithetho ezinceda ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo bamazwe ukubayinxalenye kudidi abaziqeshileyo.

PI ngokuphazamisa

Ke kaloku, ukuba kucacile ngubani ongowakhe abemi self-abaqeshwe ngokubanzi (ngakumbi kule - kancinane emva koko), sinako ukuqonda ukuba kutheni amazwe ukuza umthetho omtsha. Ngapha koko, njengokuba kuthiwe, abemi waba kwimeko ukuziqesha ukuba abhalise imisebenzi yayo njengoko ishishini.

Asinto ezifanelekileyo nawuphi na umsebenzi. Ukongeza, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo yinyaniso kunokuba umdla - irhafu kunye nemirhumo ngenxa IP, nokuba ukhetha "irhafu Lula" kwi indlela yokubizwa kweerhafu kunokuba kakhulu phezulu. Kwaye ngoko ke uninzi abaziqeshileyo nje akuziva. Bathi ke, njengoko sele kuchaziwe, umsebenzi isithunzi, eneneni yayikukwaphula umthetho. Amaxesha amaninzi kubonisa kuphela le nto yingxaki kakhulu.

Kungenxa yoko le nto Russia Ndacinga ukuba iwise umthetho "Ngomhla ngabemi self-abaqeshwe." Kumele ukuba incede bonke abantu abasebenza "kwi" ngaphandle abasebenzi ukuba basebenze ngaphandle koloyiko waphula umthetho kweli lizwe. Kodwa yintoni eza kwenzeka kudidi wafunda lwabantu? Ziziphi iingenelo neengozi kwinkqubo ecetywayo na? Yintoni ukulungiselela abantu?

patents

Into yokuqala mhlawumbi ufuna ukutsala ingqalelo - kukuba inkqubo yerhafu yangoku kolu didi lwabantu ziya kuba patent. Ngokufuthi, esinjalo lihle kakhulu. Kutheni?

Imisebenzi zabantu self-abaqeshwe kwiimeko ezithile zingaphunyezwa ngoncedo lomenzi. Ukusuka kwindlela eziluncedo:

1. Ukungabikho ukuhlawula izavenge kunye irhafu. Abantu ukuthenga nje lomenzi aqhube umsebenzi ixesha elithile loxwebhu.
2. Akukho wamaphepha. Akukho ingxelo ngokungeyomfuneko, akukho izibhengezo ezongezelelweyo inzuzo. Ubhaliso le patent for self-abaqeshwe kwakhona simthembisa ukuba ukwenza zilula.
3. Ukungabikho nokuhlolwa off-site yokuhlolwa zerhafu. Mhlawumbi enye yezona mathuba eziphawuleka kakhulu. Kucetywa ukuba ngummi abaziqeshileyo osebenza kwi patent, uya kuxolelwa uphicotho-rhafu.

Ezingeloncedo kwale nkqubo iyafumaneka. Kodwa bona badla zithathwa bokuqonda, hayi nezingalunganga. Umzekelo, kukho ezi ngongoma zilandelayo:

1. effect patent Limited. Ixesha liphezulu uxwebhu - iinyanga ezili-12. Ubuncinane - 30. ngonyaka ngamnye kufuneka uthenge lomenzi elitsha ukuqhubeka nomsebenzi.
2. Asinguye wonke umsebenzi ihlelwe njenge ukuziqesha. Kwezinye iimeko, kodwa kufuneka ukuvula SP.
3. iindleko ezahlukeneyo patent kwimimandla. Inani layo ziya kusetwa isixeko ngasinye ngokwakho. Kodwa xa bebhiyozela nezibuhlungu nangoku izicwangciso ukulungisa.

Akukho iimpawu ezibalulekileyo kakhulu ungekho. Nangona kunjalo, imithetho ukuziqesha ezikude ukuvelisa uluntu isiphumo ubukhulu becala emihle. Abantu ngolonwabo unomdla into alinde.

iiholide irhafu

Uncedo olukhulu ingcamango ayichatshazelwa urhafiso kubantu abaziqeshileyo. Iintetho ezinjalo zenziwa rhoqo. wafunda Emva udidi lwabantu, njengoko umthetho, kufuneka kuqala ishishini "kuluhlu" ukuzisa ingeniso uze uhlawule irhafu. Kungenjalo, umntu azivalele SP kwaye eyeka ukusebenza ngokusesikweni, ngokufuthi kokushiya amathunzi. Le lahleko ku sipaji yoluntu.

Kungenxa yesi sizathu ukuba urhulumente Russian zezamahala ngokupheleleyo abantu abaziqeshileyo ukusuka Inland Revenue, ukuba ndibanike iholide werhafu. Uhlobo olunjani lobomi? Iminyaka emi-3. Oko kukuthi, abantu abakwazi ukuhlawula irhafu iinyanga 36. themba umdla kakhulu.

Esi siphakamiso senziwe nayo ngokuphathelele IP, leyo ukusebenza kuphela ngokwabo, ngaphandle abaqashi, abaphathi kunye nabasebenzi. iminyaka emi-3 ukususela kumhla wobhaliso kolu didi lwabantu abayi ukuhlawula irhafu kaNondyebo kaRhulumente. Kufuneka bhala kuphela iminikelo mandatory ukuya FSS.

Ngaphandle kwerhafu kuwo onke

Yintoni enye kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo ebantwini? ERashiya, ibonelela inkululeko epheleleyo yabemi self-abaqeshwe iirhafu. Kuya kwenzeka njani oku?

Eyona nto kukuba abemi awazuze patents. ixabiso labo lugubungela ngokupheleleyo uqikelelo lweendleko. Enyanisweni, umntu abaziqeshileyo byi kwangaphambili. Ixabiso elilodwa lomenzi wechiza - kwaye oku irhafu, kunye nazo zonke iimali enyanzelekileyo.

Ngenxa yoko, nathi sithi akukho ntlawulo ezongezelelweyo ukwenza lonke lomenzi akayi ukuba. Kungenxa yesi sizathu ukuba umthetho ukuziqesha umdla namanani oluntu. Eyona daba apho abantu bafihle ingeniso yabo - irhafu. Yaye ke, njengoko wathethayo kurhulumente, uya ediniwe.

Ukwahlukana kusuka SP

Ziziphi iintlobo izinto zabantu abaziqeshileyo ziyahluka? Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ushishino kwaye bafunde uhlobo lomsebenzi - izinto ezimbalwa ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, simele siqonde ngokucacileyo ukuba yintoni umahluko ngalinye enye na.

Le ngummi self-abaqeshwe yahlukile ukusuka ngumrhwebi ngamnye? Ukuba ngaba uthathe ingqalelo amathuba amatsha kufundiswa eRashiya kudidi lokuqala abasebenzi, ukuba ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

1. Self-abaqeshwe, unako ukusebenza kuphela kwi-patent. Ukudibanisa irhafu akakwazi.
2. abasebenzi Salaried yokuziphakamisa umlomo. PIs qasha abasebenzi uze ubahlawule umvuzo.
3. Self-nomsebenzi - umsebenzi kuphela kwiindawo ezithile. Kufuneka ukuba icaciswe kwi patent.
4. Akukho returns irhafu abo baye bagqiba ukusebenza kuphela ngokwabo. SP ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka kudlule amaxwebhu afanelekileyo zengeniso nenkcitho.

Ngako oko ke, akujongwa entrepreneur - yinto self-abaqeshwe ummi. Eli binzana lisetyenziswe kuphela kwiimeko ezithile.

Ngubani na ukusebenza njenge abaziqeshileyo

Kwaye ngoku kancinci malunga nemisebenzi kweendidi wafundela lwabantu. Kuye kuthiwe ayikho yonke ishishini ngaphandle abasebenzi zibonelela lomenzi yoyilo ukuba self-baqeshwe. Ngoko ke ngubani oyakufanela nobhaliso kolu xwebhu ngqo?

Ngoku ukukhulula bantu balandelayo, owathi ngo-2017 kuya kufuneka ukuba asebenze kwi-patent okhethekileyo njengoko abaziqeshileyo:

• kumthungi ekhaya;
• nomntwana;
• izindlu kunye umphathi;
• tutors, kunye nootitshala ekhaya;
• abafoti kunye videographers;
• abaqhubi;
• intatheli;
• abazisebenzelayo (ingakumbi copyrighters kunye reraytery);
• abantu bekwi zilungisa ubucwebe;
• Master of ukulungiswa zasendlini.

Oku basenokubandakanya abantu bekwi zenziwe ngazandla mveliso, kwakunye iisepha kunye yetshokholayithi ezenziwe. I inzuzo elikhulu yomthetho lamkele - kukuba lo msebenzi ngoku copywriters, nto ixesha elide yabangela imibuzo emininzi, iza ngokusesikweni ngokusesikweni ngaphandle naziphi na iingxaki.

iindleko

Mhlawumbi ethile ebonakalayo kuphela kukuba le patent for self-abaqeshwe iya kuba ibiza imali entle. Kuyinto eqhelekileyo, kodwa yenza sicinge abaninzi. Kubonakala ukuba ixabiso uzimisele ukuba kwimizi ngemizi otnoitelno imisebenzi yabo ethile. Umzekelo, umongikazi eMoscow kuya kufuneka ahlawule lomenzi ngaphezu e Kaliningrad. Kwelinye icala, Kulungile. Kwelinye - akucaci kuya zingaphi ukuhlawulela imisebenzi yabo kwangethuba.

Noko ke, njengoko kubonisiwe ngurhulumente, noziqulathe-abaqeshwe ngamnye uza kuhlawula ubuncinane 10 amawaka engange selungelo elilodwa lomenzi. Eminye imithombo yabonisa ukuba imali wabeka ukuhlawulwa, uya kuba ngamawaka-20. Le rate isekelwe phezu konyaka. Apha, njengokuba sele kukhankanyiwe, kubandakanywa igalelo ezinyanzelekileyo kunye izimali irhafu. Enyanisweni, noko kubonakala. Ngenxa zokuxolelwa kwintlawulo epheleleyo xa eqhubana amalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza, oku mhlawumbi inzuzo enkulu phezu koosomashishini ngamnye.

Ubhaliso kwiRejista

Enye caveat - i-self-abaqeshwe kuya kufuneka ukubaleka kancinci kunye namaxwebhu. Eyona nto kukuba wonke umntu osebenzela "kwi" kufuneka lingeniswe kwirejista ekhethekileyo. Iya ukurekhoda bonke abemi abasebenzela ngokwabo.

Ngoku baya kuthi, eya kuba ingako ukuhlawulela ukungena kwirejista. iindleko Uthelekelelo yalo msebenzi - 100 engange. A makangakhohlisi, kodwa kuya kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo.

iziphumo

Ngoku ke kucacile ukuba kokuphi okwenza udidi lwabantu abaziqeshileyo, kwakunye oko balindele eRashiya kwixa elizayo. Enyanisweni, utshintsho olucetywayo umdla ngokwenene. Kodwa ochwepheshe ukuvakalisa ukuxhalaba kwabo. Abanye self-abaqeshwe asale izithunzi.

Oku kusebenza kubantu nemivuzo ephantsi okanye ezingazinzanga. Nje ezingenanzuzo okanye IP ukuvula okanye uthenga uqambo. Kwaye lokubonisa umsebenzi wabo kuyingxaki kakhulu. Ngoko ke, imithetho kwamkelwa yaye ukunceda, kodwa hayi ukususa ngokupheleleyo ilizwe ishishini enomthunzi abantu abaziqeshileyo.