Yintoni sisityalo ojikeleza? Ukujikeleza izityalo ezilinyiweyo: imizekelo

Kukho nje inani elikhulu lezityalo ezahlukahlukeneyo emhlabeni. Ezinye zazo zisetyenziswa nokutya kwabantu. Abanye bakhonza njengoko uhombiso lwe izindlu zokuhlala ezisezidolophini. Kweli nqaku, makhe sithethe ngoko isityalo ojikeleza. Nditsho igama uyakwazi ndiyaqonda ukuba abameli enezityalo ezisetyenziselwa nokuveliswa amalaphu.

iimpawu eziphambili

Enyanisweni, izityalo kukujikeleza kwindalo, zininzi - iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-600. Noko ke, ngokuba imveliso iingubo ukuba kusetyenziswa kuphela uYesti ngokwaneleyo ezingcakacileyo, noxhamla ubuncwane. Kwaye ezi ntlobo kwi planethi azikho kakhulu - malunga ne-20.

Eyona iphambili olwahlula zonke phambi ujikeleza izityalo kwezityalo kunye namaziko okuvelisa inzala, equlethe ifayibha kunye namanqatha. Kukho amaqela amathathu aphambili apho ahlulwa neenkcubeko kukujikeleza (uluhlu lwezityalo kunye neempawu zazo zinikwe apha ngezantsi) zezi:

• Bast-nefayibha. Ezi ifayibha izilwanyana okungaphakathi esikhondweni kwaye kakhulu iiseli evuthelweyo lwesivuno iintsika. Eli qela libandakanya, umzekelo, izityalo ezifana iflakisi, kenaf, jute.
• Semyavoloknistye ojikeleza inkcubeko. Kulo mzekelo, ifayibha bulukwe (20-50 mm) yeseli yembewu. Kweli qela aziwa bonke cotton.
• Listovoloknistye. Ezo izityalo iiseli elide emagqabini (New Zealand neflakisi, banana textile, sisal).

Ukubakho iiseli ezinezikhondo - uphawu kuphela yesityalo ojikeleza zinokudityaniswa kwiqela elikhulu. Wonke amanye ngokupheleleyo ngokungafaniyo nezinye flora ngamnye bale kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo, iintlobo kunye ohlobo.

Abameli usapho yeflakisi

Okulandelayo, siqwalasele iimpawu ukwahlula ezinye izityalo ezininzi ezaziwayo-kakuhle ukusontwa. Makhe siqale yeflakisi. Linum uhlobo kuquka abameli ngaphezulu kwama-200. Noko ke, amasiko ilinywe uhlobo olunye kuphela - neflakisi, ebandakanya ohlobo ezintlanu. ERashiya, bazibonise dovhunets yaseYurophu. Yena unika a ifayibha elide kwaye ezona zexabiso. Ezinye iintlobo ze flaxes ifayibha kulinywa kwilizwe lethu njengoko isityalo oilseed.

Indlela yokwenza ilaphu evela neflakisi?

Ngoko ke, bonke ujikeleza izityalo izityalo, imizekelo apho zinikwe ngezantsi asetyenziswa ekwenziweni ezahlukeneyo izinto textile. Kukwanjalo kudlula yeflakisi. Kuba imisonto zawo zinti tixi emanzini ixesha elide - ukuya kutsho ekuqaleni yokubola. Imicu elide eziseleyo iyahlangana kwaye avunyelwe ukuba imveliso amalaphu. Zelinen iingubo kamnandi ukuchukumisa ngaphezu umqhaphu, eqhelekileyo namhlanje, ihlala ixesha elide ngakumbi. Noko ke, ukuba enze laphu ezi imisonto yi kunokuba nzima, kuba ngokulula kakhulu eqwengiweyo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, umvelisi inkulu yeflakisi bokusonta ngelaphu yalo Ireland.

Cotton: Izinto eziphilayo

Iflakisi - ayikho kuphela ezahlukeneyo kusetyenziswa ukuvelisa imicu kwelinye ilaphu. Wahlakulela kwilizwe lethu, kuquka ezinye izityalo ezilinyiweyo ukujikeleza. Lowo iqhelekileyo cotton. Ngaphezu koko, namhlanje isityalo ifayibha ephambili kwilizwe lethu nakwihlabathi jikelele. Uchaza ithandwa kangaka lula ukufumana Imicu ngaphezu imveliso yawo kunye nemveliso ephakamileyo kwisityalo ngokwayo. Le inkcubeko ibhekisa usapho మూసివెయ్యి Cima. isityalo abadala ungakwazi ukufikelela kubude ngaphezu kwama-180 cm. isebe Fruit cotton ekrwada yaphuhliswa nakumphezulu isiqu kunye ekushenxeni kude kuyo kwi-engile obtuse. Zikhula kunye neentyatyambo ukuba bamnike eziqhameni kamva 'ibhokisi. " a yokugqibela rounded, ezimilise-iqanda, yaye xa nabo ezivuthiweyo kule ezivuzayo. Xa oku kuba umqhaphu ebonakalayo - imicu elide, agqume iimbewu zezityalo.

Ukuvuna yale yesityalo kunokwenziwa mhlawumbi ngesandla okanye ngendlela imishini. Kwimeko yokugqibela, a pre-plant ngamachiza amagqabi ziyasuswa.

hemp

Kukho nezinye izityalo kukujikeleza yenkcubeko ethandwayo. Hemp - omnye wabo. Le inkcubeko ibhekisa kwintsapho ngokwesini ezahlukeneyo dioecious. izityalo indoda nenkazana ahluka yi isakhiwo amalungu okuvelisa kunye neentyatyambo. Ukongeza, xa a yokugqibela elide lokulima.

Njengoko umqhaphu begusha neflakisi, hemp ifayibha bukhulileyo kwi neoli. Eyokuqala lufumaneka neziqu, okwesibini - ukusuka imbewu. Imicu ezisetyenziswa xa kusenziwa amalaphu bekujongiwe rough impahla yokusebenza bokuthunga, abe phezulu kunye t. D. ukwaluka Ukususela ioli imbewu hemp eyenziweyo ivanishi kwakunye ipeyinti.

Namhlanje, yeyona ixhaphakileyo zonke kukujikeleza ezimbini inkcubeko ezi zilwanyana. Hemp isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa amalaphu aqhelekileyo kunye namafutha. Hashish iintlobo akhule kwamanye amazwe Asia ukuze amkele amagqabi iziyobisi zalo.

Lonke Zelenets ntsango luqala esinobunzima kweentyatyambo izityalo eyindoda. Xa abafazi le nkqubo iqala kamva. uyabazingela vuna ihlelwa ngobude balo babulingana nesandla, kwaye zithunyelwa steeping ngokuqhelekileyo ngokukodwa ezinala phezu kwamanzi. Ngethuba lokuqhuba kwale nkqubo sele ngokulingana ngqo lobushushu yamanzi. Esikwingingqi eshushu bathele ukuba ithatha malunga ngeveki engqeleni - ekwindla - ukuya kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu.

Njengoko yeflakisi, iifayibha hemp ngelaphu emva ukuthambisa bahlukana ngokulula kakhulu. Kodwa ungayibaxi ngeziqu ngamanzi akakwazi. Podgnivanie kakhulu kunciphisa umgangatho mbandela.

kenaf

Kukho kwakhona zizityalo ngaphantsi ezaziwayo-kakuhle izityalo ojikeleza. Imizekelo yezityalo ezinjalo - kenaf kunye jute. Le ifayibha lokuqala esisetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kweengxowa neentambo. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, imicu esi sityalo, kwakunye iimveliso sokungenisa yabo kuthi eRashiya kungenxa kuphela India. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le nkcubeko bukhulileyo kakhulu ngempumelelo, kuquka iifama Uzbekistan. Ixabiso kenafnoy Ilaphu kakhulu kwinto yokuba sikwazi ukuthunga iingxowa ukuba efanelekileyo ukwenzela ukugcinwa kunye nothutho iswekile evela kuyo. Kakade ke, ngenxa yale njongo ingasetyenziswa, yaye hemp. Noko ke, ingqalelo igalelo elibi kule meko iqulathe amasuntswana ezincinane kakhulu ukuba bemicu kwiingxowa anjalo bahlukane. Uyisuse iswekile koko engenakwenzeka. A ngumkhuba efanayo ngeengxowa kenafovyh nje ulandelwe. Ifayibha efunyenwe esi sityalo ayikho nje bhetyebhetye nokuqina kwayo, kodwa hygroscopic. Kenafovyh athungwe evela amalaphu kuphela iibhegi. Ntambo, ephothiweyo ukusuka Imicu le nkcubeko, bayaqhubeka ukuveliswa kwe cordage, intambo, twine kunye ngelaphu. Kwamanye amazwe, oku kwakhona yavelisa ukusuka yintlama.

Libhekisela kenaf njengoko umqhaphu, intsapho మూసివెయ్యి Cima. ukuphakama sisityalo endala ingaba 1-5 m, neengcambu zawo emhlabeni 2 m. Ukuvuna iqalwa emva kokuba kenaf njengoko azakwembiwa iibhokisi elinye okanye amabini asezantsi yembewu. Ukuvuna yenziwa kusetyenziswa oomatshini nabavuni. Beveled umoba iintsuku ezimbalwa washiya podsushivatsya entsimini. Baye ke zaqokelelwa ze ubotshwe ube zizithungu. Okulandelayo, ngetshaneli lokugqibela oluqhutywa Suslonov ekhethekileyo. Kule izithungu elilandelayo inyathelo bambhulayo. Imbewu ngenxa zicocwa, bazibuthela, kwaye izithungu zithunyelwa lubzavody.

jute

Kuyinto enye ifayibha isityalo isoloko isetyenziswa ekuveliseni iingxowa ukuya iswekile, umgubo kunye nezinye izithako ezomileyo. On jute yokusebenza ngelaphu nokuba bubalaselayo kenafnuyu. Ngamanye amaxesha uphume uvelise nkqu amalaphu velvet entofontofo. Ukongeza, jute isetyenziselwa ukwenza iintambo, twines neentambo. Amaxesha amaninzi, le ifayibha sisetyenziselwa kokungciba izakhiwo ezinqunqiweyo. Imbewu yale esikweni ioli zobugcisa. Kwaye zisetyenziswa njengeyeza elungiselelwe ukunyanga isifo sentliziyo.

Jute elinywayo ubukhulu becala kummandla Asia yimvula, okt kumazwe afana ne-Indiya, Bangladesh, Nepal kunye Taiwan. Kukho zokutyala le yesityalo eAfrika eMelika. ixabiso Industrial abafani iindidi ezimbini kuphela jute - dlinnoplodny kunye macrocarpa.

Bendinjalo isityalo liza xa kubonakala weevil yokuqala. Ukucoca zesityalo ukuvelisa ifayibha emva kokuba zokungenela kwesi sigaba ngaphezu kwesiqingatha kwezityalo. processing Primary of zinti yenziwa ngendlela efanayo naleyo kenaf. Oku eneneni efana kakhulu izityalo bast-ifayibha ojikeleza. Nangona namhlanje asingabo nje eqhelekileyo njengoko kwakunjalo kwixesha elidlulileyo, ukulinywa kubo, Kakade, ngumbandela ngaphezu kufanelekile.

ramie

izityalo umdla kakhulu, kwaye herbaceous ukuba ukujikeleza. Amagama iintlobo - ramie kunye ramie. Eyona nkalo iphambili olwahlula imicu eziveliswa kule sityalo kukuba phantse ke musa ibole. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, kodwa ziqhele ukuba ukwenziwa ngelaphu ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Namhlanje, inkoliso kwimicu ramie kwenza iintambo enamandla kakhulu ubomi inkonzo ende. Bethunga ukusuka Ilaphu umba kunye nempahla. Noko ke, kule meko Imicu uqobo ramie zixubene ne yomqhaphu okanye wool. Oku kunika onamandla kunene, kulungile ukugcina ukumila, izinto ixesha elide.

Ukuphakama izityalo abadala ramie unako ukufikelela iimitha ezimbini. Ngokungafaniyo uhlobo, ukukhula eRashiya, amagqabi awo ndingatshiseki ngokupheleleyo. Isityalo nabalulamileyo kakhulu kwaye anganika izityalo ezimbini ngonyaka ngamnye. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le nkcubeko iyalinywa kumazwe afana Brazil, Thailand, India, Philippines, South Korea.

Ukujikeleza izityalo: uluhlu izityalo

Ngoko ke, ukuba kukujikeleza zezi izilwanyana ezifana iflakisi, jute, umqhaphu, kenaf, umba. Ziziphi ezinye iintlobo ezaziwayo kukho? Ukongeza kule miba ingentla apha kweli qela lukwaquka nepayina, Kendiry Manila kunye nabanye abaninzi.

isityalo onke, uluhlu endababalwa ngentla, Kakade, i ezixabisekileyo ekrwada izinto ekuveliseni amalaphu. Umqhaphu nelinen iimpahla ngalo mzuzu kuyivuyela kakhulu kunene nje lobuhlobo ngokupheleleyo nokusingqongileyo. Ngaphandle iintambo kakuhle, kwathunyelwa neebhegi akungekwazeki ukuba iindleko kwiindawo ezininzi kuqoqosho.