Yintoni nokuqhama ulwimi Russian? Impendulo elifutshane umbuzo

Nqaba ukuqhama ulwimi Russian akukho bani onobuganga. Ke kaloku omnye, ngubani nobuganga bokuthi ngalo mbandela, zibandakanyeke unxunguphalo zasendle, kuba zonke bit ofundileyo kancinane abahlali zehlabathi ukuba amandla ulwimi enkulu Russian yi lowukulu! njani na ukuphendula ngokukodwa ngokufutshane umbuzo wokuba yintoni ubuxoki efanayo amandla nokomelela, nto idume ulwimi lwethu lweenkobe? Kweli nqaku siza kuzama ukuqonda ngokufutshane njani yaye kutheni le ulwimi sele laba oluvulekileyo, enkulu kunye namagorha.

entry

, Kubalulekile ukukhumbula lakudala phambi kokuba sithethe yintoni nokuqhama ulwimi Russian. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba kudala kwinkulungwane IX i nokuxubana wayesele athethe ulwimi Old Russian. Kakade ke, ukususela wanikezela iinguqulelo ezininzi uhlengahlengiso, kodwa iye yaba mihla eqhelekileyo. Kuthiwa ukuba uphuhliso le ulwimi zimangalisayo baba Philologists kuphela kwiilwimi, kodwa abantu abanetalente zonke Russia. Baye lugqibelele oko, iyenza sihle mhlophe ngakumbi. Ngenxa yoko, waba nomdla kakhulu kwamanye amazwe. basemzini abaninzi banomdla ulwimi ngoncuthu nezohlukeneyo kwaye ufuna ukufunda kuyo. Ulwazi olunomdla ukuba namhlanje ulwimi lwethu lwenkobe yenye kwiilwimi ezintlanu ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ehlabathini.

Igqi- ekumiseni

Yintoni nokuqhama ulwimi Russian? Impendulo yalo mbuzo kunokwenzeka kuphela emva kokuba uhlahlelo kwimbali ukuvela kunye nophuhliso ulwimi, ngokuba njengoko sinako kugweba ngento ngaphandle kokwazi apho avela khona? Ukuba akunjalo ukuba ubuKristu, singatsho ngokuqinisekileyo phantse epheleleyo yokuba ulwimi Russian akazange ncam kuba sithetha esikwaziyo namhlanje. Kuyaqondakala ukuba iilwimi Ukrainian, Belarusian kunye Russian zifana kakhulu omnye komnye. Mhlawumbi ukuba kuba impembelelo yonqulo, bonke abantu babethetha into jikelele phakathi kwezi lwimi zintathu, kwaye ngoko ke umfanekiso yobuhlanga zehlabathi aye utshintsho oluphawulekayo.

Imisebenzi ye Peter I

Kwincopho yophuhliso ulwimi bafika ngenkulungwane XVII-XVIII, kunye ngetyala enkulu uya kuPetros I. Eli nqanaba kwenzeka ngenkulungwane XVII, kwakunjalo ngoko umlawuli ngenkuthalo iinguqu zonke iinkalo iziseko karhulumente. Kakade ke, zonke ezi akaguquki nako kudlula icala ibalulekileyo - inkcubeko nolwimi. Waba nako ukuphumeza ifonti yoluntu ukuba bagxothwa Kirillov semi-yamandulo. Kwakhona wayalela bonke abantu ukuba basebenzise isigama esitsha leyo lathathwa kumazwe aseYurophu. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba zonke ezi ngcono becala awaqhubana ngayo imicimbi zomkhosi. Ngeli xesha ngolwimi Russian amagama afana njenge endlwaneni, igama kunye sokubetha. Peter imali isixa esikhulu sezimbiwa ukuze ukuvula indlu yoshicilelo. Bona eshicilelweyo iincwadi zobugcisa, kwakunye uncwadi okhethekileyo yezopolitiko. Konke oku kwamnceda ukuba zifake ngokubhala iinqobo ezisemgangathweni ezingundoqo ezikhumbuzo lwezenkcubeko kweli xesha.

uMikhail Lomonosov

Asimele silibale ngayo omnye umntu obaluleke kakhulu oye wenza igalelo elibalulekileyo kuphuhliso lolwimi. Sithetha uMikhail Lomonosov. Wabhala imisebenzi yakhe phezu ulwimi ekunene Russian size senze konke okusemandleni ethu ukuze bathobele imithetho yegrama. Emva kwexesha elithile, le migaqo ziye zaziswa kulwimi ngokusesikweni, kwaye yintoni eyona umdla, kukuba sikwazi ukusebenzisa ezininzi! Mihaila Lomonosova umnikelo kakhulu underrated, noko becala kuphela ngenxa yokuba isebe enjalo inzululwazi, njengoko igrama, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni kokupapashwa isigama lokuqala zemfundo. On imali yabo, wapapasha "igrama Russian", nto leyo unanamhla yenye lwepropati inkulu inkcubeko Russian. Ukususela ngoko waqalisa ukuqondwa loluntu ulwimi Russian njengoko omkhulu nonamandla. Bona banomdla phesheya waqalisa ukufunda nokuphucula. Emva kokupapashwa iincwadi zegrama incwadi abantwana aba kwababhalwayo wona, nto leyo kakhulu ukusebenza kwinkqubo yemfundo. Loo icandelo uMikhail lombhalo isimbo, ogxininisa ubugcisa, ushishino kunye nenzululwazi.

Inkqubo yotshintsho ulwimi Russian kuyaqhubeka kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba kuze ziphele. Rhoqo kukho ulwazi olutsha, ubugcisa obutsha kunye nenzululwazi entsha, nto leyo ifuna isigama okhethekileyo. A lot of mazwi ulwimi lwethu waboleka evela kwamanye amazwe, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuthintela ukuba ahlale kwi enye ezithandwayo, odlamkileyo multi-amaninzi.

Amandla ulwimi

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo ukubhala, yintoni na ubutyebi ulwimi Russian? Kusenokwenzeka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, yenye lweelwimi ezininzi eziphambili, ethandwa yaye alungiswa ehlabathini lonke, nto leyo eye uvimba omkhulu iincwadi nokubhala. Kodwa yintoni na nokuqhama ulwimi Russian, eyahluke ngayo abanye, apho iimpawu lungelelanisa nelulwimi ukwenza kwayo okukuyo? Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba xa iqala ingqalelo ukubaluleka nobutyebi ulwimi, into yokuqala ukhangela abaphandi - isichazi-magama. Ukuba amazwi ebonisa izinto ezahlukeneyo zolwimi efikelelekayo, ecacileyo liciko, yaye ziqulathe iileta, nto leyo nice lula ukuba awathethe, ngoko sinokuthi ulwimi sisityebi ngokwaneleyo. K.Paustovsky uthe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba kuphela ngolwimi Russian ukubhekisela ngezenzeko zendalo eziqhelekileyo ezifana imvula, umoya, ichibi, ilanga, esibhakabhakeni, ingca, njl, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeesimboli ezahlukeneyo. ukujula lungelelanisa ulwimi lweenkobe ibizwa ngokucacileyo ibonakala izichazi ezahlukeneyo. Dal iye yaquka ezingaphezu kwama-200 000 amagama "Dictionary of the Language Russian 'yakhe.

lokuceba kwisemantiki

Ukuqhama imizwa ulwimi Russian luxhomekeke kakhulu yintoni intsingiselo amagama ukuthwala. Kule mzuzu ulwimi lwethu lweenkobe kwakhona akukho kunguhata, ngenxa yokuba ezininzi ntonye, Izikweko kunye namagama alula lebyi. Sikhumbula ukuba ntonye - amagama anentsingiselo efanayo. In Russian, a lot of amazwi musa nje kanye wamhlangula iimbongi kusinda abo baya uphambene ufuna isicengcelezo esitsha: umntu nje ukufunda ngenyameko isichazi-magama. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ntonye nje ngamagama nje ezahlukeneyo into enye, ukuba kuphela ecacisa ipropati ethile into, enceda kakhulu ngakumbi kwaye kakhulu ukuchaza nantoni na. Sinikela umzekelo encinane, esebenzisa igama elithi "odumileyo". Kusenokuba lula indawo iiyunithi ezifana "Outstanding", "ezinkulu", "emangalisayo" kunye "kakuhle yaziwa". Ukongeza, isichazi ngasinye utyhila ilizwi a subtext ekhethekileyo. Isichazi "big" uchaza into nangengqwalasela enkulu, igama elithi "Outstanding" unika uvavanyo lothelekiso "odumileyo" ithetha luphawu qualitative, yaye "emangalisayo" ikuvumela ukuba adlulisele isimo sethu kwinto ethile.

Izithethantonye ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo nengxam le ntetho, kuba ukuvumela ukuba asebenzise ulwimi oluzekelisayo siphephe kophindo isithukuthezi. Uninzi umdla kukuba ngamanye amaxesha magama, abahlala imilinganiselo zabo nayo nayiphi na ngokunxulumene ndaba. Ngokomzekelo, sithi igama elithi "ezininzi", yaye emva kokuba kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo kufakwe ntonye ezifana ebumnyameni, enzonzobileni, Prorva, ocean, ibubu, njl Lo ngumzekelo nje omnye, kodwa ibonisa ngokucacileyo ukwahluka ulwimi Russian.

nkulumo

Ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni na nokuqhama ulwimi Russian, kufuneka ukhumbule malunga ingqiqo enjalo ebalulekileyo, amazwi okuvumela ukuchaza iimvakalelo. Kukho intetho akhabayo kunye navumelanayo. la magama kuba ngumhlaba emehlweni yokuqala, ngathi intle, eqaqambileyo, ngenkalipho, uyathandeka kunye nabanye. la magama kuba ngumhlaba udidi lwesibini, njengoko zixazalala, umkhohlisi ndingekhoyo-nye nonke, njl ulwimi lwethu lweenkobe aku- zizityebi ngamazwi imvakalelo ezikuvumela ukuvakalisa iimvakalelo ezifana ngemfesane, umsindo, uthando, umsindo, njl, esebenzisa iintlobo ngeentlobo iiyunithi, nganye eneyazo intsingiselo ekhethekileyo. UMikhail Lomonosov kwakhona kwenziwa kule aksenti, esithi iilwimi ezimbini kuphela ilifa inani elaneleyo-qabane kwaye umalitelnyh amazwi, Russian kunye Italian.

phraseology

Sekunjalo akazityhilanga ngokupheleleyo umbuzo wokuba yintoni nokuqhama ulwimi Russian. Ngokufutshane sinokuthi ukuqhama kulwimi umiselwe ubutyebi yiyunithi ngamnye. Asingekhe silibale malunga phraseology, yinto ebalulekileyo yale ntetho. amazwi lwakhiwe evela amaxwebhu zembali, iziganeko zexesha elidlulileyo kwaye nkqu langoku amava abantu. Iingxelo abantu abaqhelekileyo kakhulu ngokucacileyo kwaye Babaqhathanisele adlulisela iinkalo ezahlukahlukeneyo zobomi. Akukho izazinzulu Akumangalisi eqokelelweyo ubulumko babantu kancinci kancinci, kuba uhlanga - oku ngumdali ilungileyo ndolozi nolwazi yobomi. Ezinye izazinzulu nokulithelekisa kunye sobulumko abantu obuqhelekileyo, ukuphila, uvelisa ngaphandle izifundo zakhe ezixabisekileyo. Baqhelane phraseology enkulu Russian, ungasebenzisa "ebukwini ulwimi Russian" phantsi editorship ka Molotov.

Enrichment amazwi amazwe

Imizekelo kobutyebi Russian akunakwenzeka ngaphandle amagama, kwanawezayo kuthi, evela phesheya. Bona ukuphucula ulwimi lwethu. Kufuneka ke ukuba ezi lwimi Russian kuphela inani elikhulu enjalo izimaphambili nezimamva ukwenza amagama amatsha. Zeelwimi kunqabile ukuguqula amagama amazwe translit - nje usenzela xa unokuyifuna. Kuzo zonke ezinye iimeko, ubonakala amagama amatsha unique ukukhanya.

igrama

Yintoni ukuqhama ulwimi Russian, ukuba ayikho le ntetho? Le yenye yeendima ezibalulekileyo zentetho. igrama wethu lunomahluko nje kuphela bhetyebhetye wayo; kodwa ekhululekile. Funda ulwimi ngokuba abasemzini - kwakungelula. Loo nto ithethwayo ukuntsonkotha kwezinye iilwimi, kodwa Russian, kunye ukwahluka yayo yonke, kube kuhlala omnye kakhulu ezinzima. Ngokomzekelo, singakwazi siqwalasele udidi lweentlobo nje kuphela, nto leyo ibonisa indlela eya ukuhamba amanyathelo. Kuthi inzima ngaphezu kohlobo kwexesha, kuba ivumela iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukuchaza isenzo. Umzekelo, "yenza" isenzi kusenokubonakala ngathi "prodelyvat", "ekugqibeleni", "ekugqibeleni", njl Phantse kulo naliphi na ulwimi yehlabathi akukho iintlobo ezininzi ezifana yegama.

Iingxelo malunga nokuqhama ulwimi Russian

Siye sajonga iinkalo ezininzi intetho yethu. Ngoko ke, yintoni na ubutyebi ulwimi Russian? Ngokufutshane zama ukuphendula lo mbuzo amazwi abantu abaziwayo. Kwaye Turgenev wathi: "Lumkani ulwimi, ulwimi lwethu ezintle Russian, obu buncwane kunye nelifa sisasazwa ababengaphambi zethu." Kakhulu Obekwe, UNikolai Gogol, owabhala: "namakhonkco omangalisayo ulwimi lwethu. Ukuba akukho sandi, yaye isipho, yonke granular, coarsely, njengokuba yena neyeeperile, ekunene, elinye igama oluxabiseke ngaphezu into ngokwalo" Friedrich Engels wenza noko umdla: "Hayi, ukuba zintle ulwimi Russian! Zonke iingenelo i-German ngaphandle yinkohlakalo wakhe ovuthayo. "

Eshwankathela nqaku, elingcwele ulwimi Russian, ndifuna ukuthi oku ingqalelo olunye lweelwimi zinhanha, abazizityebi ngephambili, kodwa kwangaxeshanye - ezinzima kakhulu. Nabani unethamsanqa elaneleyo ukuba ukuzalwa ndithethe ulwimi, nkqu wazi isipho wamkela. Yintoni nokuqhama ulwimi Russian? Impendulo ilula: kwimbali yethu kunye nabantu abathi benze le ulwimi ezingazange.