Inkqubo yabantu Antinociceptive ukunciphisa intlungu

inkqubo Antinociceptive omzimba lomntu emida ngokucacileyo ubume luvo ibekwe kuzo zonke iindawo nakuzo zonke iindawo inkqubo luvo. ukuhlanganiswa lwabo uhlobo lwemigangatho yabasemagunyeni iingalo esebenzayo neurochemical, kokuba ikhono gxotha izakhiwo ezibuhlungu okusebenzayo ngaphakathi kwinkqubo nociceptive.

Action system antinociceptive

Xa nkqubo isicelo antipain ngokuqhelekileyo opiotergicheskaya Ulawulo wesekethe. Yeyona impefumlelwano receptors opioid kunye ligands-opioids. Ngabalamli inkqubo antinociceptive itshixa ikhusi nobunzima imvakalelo kunzima kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Ngenxa umsebenzi indlela intlungu kuhlolwe akazange abe imvakalelo nakolu ebomini bomntu. Naxa iintlungu esiza, izinto sokubambela inkqubo antinociceptive ziqukiwe umsebenzi u nga va ngayo kuloo maxesha okuba singazi umva iintlungu, misa. Lo msebenzi iphambili yale ndlela akhuselayo emzimbeni nawuphi na umntu.

Meaning of ntlungu ezidakumbisayo namhlanje

Inzala e ezidakumbisayo Iziyobisi, ngasendleleni, naye wazala kwinkqubo antinociceptive. I zomzimba komzimba womntu wachaza ngokucacileyo injongo iziyobisi amayeza: zisetyenziswa njenge iziyobisi lokudoma enamandla enokukunceda woyise inkqubo antinociceptive iintlungu okanye ukwenza endaweni yayo.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iziyobisi - ekuphela kwendlela lunyango olusebenzayo kwangumqondiso kwezigulane somhlaza. Kuyinto kunokwenzeka ukuba kuvunwe ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukusebenza zabo iintlungu. Nangona kunjalo, bonke engxakini ezaziwayo engundoqo kula machiza ukuba bajike, umntu eyaneleyo izinzile zingqondweni sisidalwa oxhomekeke wayesiva ekuseni kwaye mhlawumbi yaphela umsebenzi wakhe ngaphambi kwexesha.

Umahluko phakathi nociceptive neenkqubo antinociceptive

inkqubo Antinociceptive yeyona ngentlungu, oqinisekisa nekhulu ekhulwini iintlungu ziqhele. Ukuqwalasela lo gama, umahluko phakathi kolu luvo kunye elithi "inkqubo oluvo" singachazwa lula. Ekubeni wafumana "isixhobo" ezisisiseko, t. E. analyzer Ngaloo zichaze ukuba abizwe kuphela Isiqwenga eyahlukileyo kwinkqubo woluvo, le nociceptive kunye nenkqubo antinociceptive simane zimele nje onefuthe, noziqulathe somatic inkqubo kunokuba nzima.

Ukuze uqonde kuthetha ntoni oku, ukuba kuyimfuneko ukunika umzekelo. Practice uyazazi iimeko ezizodwa yokungabikho intlungu novelwano ebantwini, isegazini. Ngelo xesha, indlela nociceptive ephambili kuzo asebenza ngesiqhelo, okt. E. Indlela Ukuthintela isebenza umsebenzi intlungu.

Njengoko kukho intlungu yaye yabanjwa kabuhlungu?

Yi kweminyaka engama-70 wasekwayo kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, abaphandi ekugqibeleni kwasekwa uluvo malunga nale yinxalenye yenkqubo luvo central njengoko ingqondo inkqubo antinociceptive. Ngelo xesha, izazinzulu bakwazi ukuseka iintsilelo yayo enokuba excitation iintlungu, izakhiwo overvoltage kuthintelo isebe nociceptive. ukuluma inkqubo nociceptive elekhtrons esebenzayo Ukwandisa kuphakamisa le nkqubo izinto antipain.

Izikhalazo buhlungu kungenzeka kuphela xa phantsi iziphumo kakhulu kwinkqubo antinociceptive umzimba awukwazi noxinzeleko ngenxa yempembelelo yezinto zangaphandle. umsebenzi brake okwehlileyo igcwele overexcitation inkqubo nociceptive eyethisa ezingalindelekanga esingalindelekanga indalo psychogenic ngendlela amalungu eqhelekileyo ngokupheleleyo non-zizifo.

inkqubo iintlungu lobume yomzimba

Ukuqwalasela ingqiqo antinociception (inkqubo antinociceptive), kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo amacandelo yayo ngamnye. Phakathi kwabo, okokuqala zonke kubalulekile ukukhumbula amasuntswana amaphiko ephakathi kunye Medulla (umcimbi hina, ngumongo we lokusekwa reticular yaye kwasekwa raphe, icandelo gelatinous ye umnqonqo).

Enkosi kubo, kukho intlungu esisiseko uvimba. Umntu uyayeka ukuba uzive iintlungu xa ujonge phezulu excitation nociceptive ekubhobhozeni iSADC inhibition. Lo msebenzi fanele ukuba ulawulo intlungu ukwehla. The main izinto ezisebenzayo kwi umsebenzi elekhtrons opioids isenzo kunye ezithile iihomoni, ezifana serotonin. Lungisa ukubabiza modulators kuba kutshintsha isikhundla luvo yantlandlolo Sekusele, ngoxa edlula kwicala labo akukho isiphumo umdla.

Neurotransmitters kunye zemizwa kwinkqubo antitsitseptivnoy ubuhlungu

I-luvo ezingundoqo ikutshoyo iinkqubo iintlungu abo ibekwe kulo mba hina ke ephakathi. indima ebalulekileyo apha axons, leyo kunyuka ukuya ngxenye kunye nezinye iindlela ze-ikhweyitha yobuchopho ngasekhohlo. Kananjalo inxaxheba kwelinye icala ukuya umnqonqo. Ngabalamli ezi luvo kuthathwa pentapeptides, ezibandakanya enkephalins ohlobo. ngabalamli ezinjalo ngohlobo acid kufuneka afumane methionine, kunye leucine.

Enkephalins ayakwazi ngexesha elingephi, ukuba umkhwetha zonke ii-opiate. Xa opiatergicheskih leesynapse, ezi receptors akhiwe ikakhulu kwi inwebu, leyo uwugcinayo wemisebenzi "umqamelo" postsynaptic. Not inxaxheba leesynapse baba buhlungu, lo gama i-inwebu kufuneka yabelwe mediators isikhokelo excitation ntofontofo ukusuka neuron ethile ukuya kwenye.

inkqubo iqala antinociceptive uye receptors iimpawu opioid, ukuba kuya metabotropic. Ngokufuthi zinxulunyaniswa bioregulator ebangela inhibition of adenylate cyclase ngokusebenzisa ingqalelo intracellular. Iziphumo zonke ezingasentla isiphazamiso inkqubo yokuqaphela antipain. Ngaphandle ukuncitshiswa yezifo icalcium emzimbeni womntu ziquka abalamli eziphambili intlungu, t. E. Umzimba uqala ukuba bazivelise okanye bazenze ngokwabo. Abalamli zixhaphakileyo zeentlungu zezi:

• P lemfuyo;
• cholecystokinin;
• somatostatin;
• glutamic acid.

Yobuchopho kunye ikhweyitha ekhohlo yengqondo - activators amanyathelo

Xa isakhiwo nkqubo iquka antipain izakhiwo iintlungu hypothalamic kunye somatosensory ngumonzakalo ikhweyitha yobuchopho ngasekhohlo. Yobukhulu ukusebenza kwabo inhibitory kwi iindlela nociceptive umntu kuphunyezwe:

• inhibition lweziphumo emazantsi kwi luvo lwe umnqonqo;
• nokunyuka ukusebenza elekhtrons kwi-luvo ye thalamus;
• iziphumo kusebenze le nkqubo zikhankanywe apha ngasentla zolawulo top-phantsi iziqhoboshi.

Disengagement iintlungu emzimbeni

Iinkqubo Nociceptive kunye antinociceptive omzimba sele kuququzelelo close. Le yokugqibela ivelisa amacandelo iqala opioid, nto leyo enyanisweni sisiyobisi ngaphakathi.

Ezi ziquka endorphin, dynorphin, njalo njalo. D. peculiarity ye ubume yamachiza ulandelelwano peptide eweni, ngathi iimolekyuli iiproteins ezincinane ukuba zenziwe asidi acid.

Indima peptides non-opioid kunye opioid

Xa inani kusilungele, zemithambo-luvo olubandakanya receptors ngqo inkqubo antinociceptive ibekwe nezinto ezinjalo. Umzekelo, wadibana receptors opioid kusoloko kubonakala kwi ukusebenza elekhtrons elandelayo luvo ngamnye. Kulo mzekelo, inkqubo intlungu nociceptive uba ezi Webhsayithi yaye phantse intlungu modem. Into luvo amancinci inkqubo iintlungu na nezithintelo yokudluliswa nokusasazwa iintlungu elandelayo neziphelo excitation chain.

Inkqubo yolawulo ye ukuvela intlungu kubandakanya peptides opioid kuphela. peptides Non-opioid (umz, neurotensin) Kwakhona kuchaphazela bolevospriyatie abantu lokugqibela. Ebangwe kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zemithombo yolwazi, iintlungu kunganqanda noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin kunye nezinye catecholamines.

wenza njani indlela ingcinezelo zeentlungu?

umsebenzi Antinociceptive kwenkqubo omzimba kuba ngeendlela ezininzi:

1. Indlela yesenzo engxamisekileyo. Kukho indlela kwizivuseleli kabuhlungu, ebangela excitation zobuchopho kwinkqubo zisihla ulawulo inhibitory. Phakathi uphondo ngasemva umnqonqo ngeli xesha kunokubonwa umda zovuselelo afferent nociceptive. Kwindawo engundoqo ye analgesia le nqubo. Xa kwezithandani intlungu ngaxeshanye asebenza isivuseleli ezimbini buhlungu.
2. Indlela of action mfutshane. Qala le ngxenye, ezibandakanya indawo yolawulo brake uhlobo loseto ukuhla amaphiko ephakathi kunye Medulla. Ukuvula indlela ngokuba umda excitation iintlungu kwinqanaba le stressors lomqolo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ingqondo ezifunekayo.
3. Indlela yesenzo elide. La maziko eziphambili ibekwe ngxenye, luyasebenza kwi ubuhlungu. excitation awuhambi esibuhlungu idluliselwa kuzo zonke iindawo zolawulo phantsi. Xa inkqubo nociceptive inxulumanisa kombala ngokweemvakalelo intlungu. ukulinganisa ezinjalo kwiimeko ezininzi le nto njongo.
4. indlela tonic. Ngenxa yokuba umsebenzi wakhe rhoqo inkqubo antinociceptive inkxaso amaziko iindawo Orbital kwaye ngokungqalileyo lo neuron. Bona ise nomhlehlo ngokungqalileyo, emva amehlo. Umsebenzi isakhiwo nociceptive kwaqinisekisa nomphumo unyathela rhoqo. Hi ndlela leyi, le nkqubo zingabonakala, kunye nokungabikho ngokupheleleyo intlungu.

Yintoni ubuhlungu?

Antsinotsitseptivnaya inkqubo yomzimba, ukulawula isakhiwo neuron, inceda ukulungiselela ifuthe pre-sisoyika, uze emva koko uthabathe isivuseleli iintlungu kunye nokuhla kwe mnandi, ukushukumisa engonwabanga.

Ukusuka zonke ngasentla, uyakwazi bafikelele kwisigqibo elula ukuba ubunzulu kunye nohlobo iintlungu kwangaphambili iinkalo ukusebenza iinkqubo ezimbini: nociceptive kunye antinociceptive. Okokuqala - iintlungu, owesibini - antipain. Ezi nkcukacha of ngokuzibandakanya kwabo kugqiba uhlobo intlungu ezifunyanwa umntu. Intlungu zinokuba nomahluko, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Hyperalgesia - karhulumente xa ukunyuka uvakalelo intlungu, ngenxa enokuba mhlawumbi ukuphazamiseka eliphezulu inkqubo nociceptive okanye inkqubo antinociceptive excitation eliphantsi.
• Hypoalgesia - urhulumente ngexabiso eliphantsi uvakalelo ebuhlungwini ukusuka nomkhwezeli: intlungu inkqubo antinociceptive abandisiweyo kwaye yehlise inkqubo excitation nociceptive.

Zombini iimeko banokuba nempembelelo entle emzimbeni, kwaye ubukhulu becala baxhomekeke kumsobomvu intlungu. Eli xabiso limele icandelo ezinokususwa non-emile, iya kwahluka kunye iimpawu intlungu kunye neenkqubo iintlungu. Kwaye antinociceptive kwaye zenze isakhiwo enye intlungu nociceptive ezintsonkothileyo, ukuba izakhi zawo kuphela.

Yintoni esongela limele le ndoda?

Kunokuba nzima inkqubo bolevospriyatiya oluvo ayimfuneko ukuze umntu ukuze ukugcina umzimba kunye namalungu ayo ngengqibelelo. Ngaphezu koko, ezi nkqubo zisebenza ukuphazamiseka (iintlungu kunye antipain) esilimaza ubomi babantu. Ekwaneliseni iminqweno zosulele elifutshane okanye ezingapheliyo intlungu, kulandelayo kwenzeka:

1. ukuphazamiseka kokulala.
2. Ukungabikho inkanuko yesini.
3. Nochuku, inattention.
4. Ukwehla Umsebenzi motor.
5. Depression, udandathekile karhulumente yengqondo-iimvakalelo.

Izikhalazo buhlungu - ukufa

ubuhlungu obukhulu ezinokucothisa ukuphefumla, maxa wambi bade bayeke ngokupheleleyo, lo gama buhlungu obuthathaka imvelaphi zingachaphazela lunikezelo yayo. Ubuhlungu obukhulu kwandisa izinga lentliziyo, ukwanda uxinzelelo lwegazi, leyo ezisongela uphuhliso spasm yoluvo nemithambo.

Okokuqala, isikhumba uba libunile, kodwa imithambo yegazi elifutshane iintlungu inimba ababangela ukuba nesifuthufuthu kuyo. secretion Ukuncipha amathe, ijusi esiswini kunye nokuveliswa zepancreas, isisu zokumisa peristalsis, nto leyo ngokufuthi ekhokelela anuria. Uphuhliso yabanjwa buhlungu xa intlungu kakhulu kukuba naxa ingumbandela ozaliswe ziziphumo ezibulalayo.