Yintoni kwaye kutheni abantwana be-EEG?

Ngokuqhelekileyo, nayiphi na indlela yokuphulukana neurologic kwimpilo yengane inxulumene nombuso wengqondo. Iyeza zanamhlanje azivumeli kuphela ukuba zijonge ngaphakathi kweli candelo, kodwa kwakhona likulungise umsebenzi walo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Abazali banalo lonke uphando oluxhomekeke kwingqondo yengane, kodwa ininzi yabo ikhuselekile ngokupheleleyo kwaye ayibangeli nayiphi na intlungu okanye ingozi kumntwana. Olu pho nonongo luyi-EEG. Abantwana banokukwenza ukususela ekuzalweni. Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni xa ichongwa.

Ingundoqo ye-encephalography

I-EE enye yeendlela zokufunda umsebenzi wengqondo. Le ndlela isekelwe ekurekhodweni kwamandla ombane welilungu elinikeziwe. Ekuhambeni kweso sifundo, isiphumo sitholakala ngendlela yemiboniso yemiboniso - i-encephalogram.

Iyunithi yesakhiwo yengqondo i-neurons. Zibala iibhiliyoni, ziyakwazi ukuvelisa nokuqhuba iimpembelelo zombane. Umsebenzi wenani elikhulu leeseli zesigulane ngokufanayo kwaye udala umsebenzi we-bioelectric wengqondo, echanekileyo kwisixhobo.

I-EEG yomntwana yenzelwe ukuchonga umsebenzi weeseli zobuchopho. Iyakubonisa kwakhona indlela eyiyo nangendlela eyiyo ngayo iqumrhu eliphambili le-nervous system elijongene neenkqubo ezibalulekileyo kunye nezitho. Ingcali enekhono elivavanya iziphumo ze-encephalogram iyakwazi ukucacisa imeko esebenzayo kwinkqubo yesantya yomntwana. Ukuba kukho ukuphambuka, ke unyango luyimfuneko.

Iinkcazo ze-encephalography

Xa, emva kokuhambela ugqirha ozayo, i-neurologist ibeka i-EEG yengqondo kumntwana, abazali baqala ukucinga ukuba into ephosakeleyo ngumntwana wabo. Kodwa wonke umama kufuneka aqonde ukuba isifundo esinjalo asinakunyulwa ukuba senze iintsana ezinokungaqhelekanga. Kwi-EEG inokuthumela kunye nomntwana onempilo ukuqikelela umsebenzi wengqondo. Nangona ugqirha unokumisela inkqubo, kodwa izazi ze-neurologists zihlala zibeka phantsi kweemeko zilandelayo, kwaye oku kwenziwa ngaphandle kwehluleka:

1. Ukuqhekeza rhoqo kunye neentambo.
2. Ukuba umntwana uncedisa ukulimala kwentloko.
3. Ukuba kukho i-neoplasm engqondweni.
4. Ingane ixhamla kwiintsholongwane eziqhelekileyo, kunokuthi kubekho ukulahlekelwa kwengqondo.
5. Kwiimeko zokuphazamiseka kokulala, kuquka ukulala.
6. Umntwana uvame ukufudumala kwaye uphukisa.
7. Umntwana uvame ukukhala ngenxa yesizathu.
8. Uxinzelelo lwe-Arterial jumps are observed.
9. I-EE inikwe umntwana ukuba uchaza iimvakalelo ezingaqhelekanga namava angavamile.

Kodwa nangona kungabikho kwezilwanyana ezinzulu kunye nokungaqhelekanga kunokungahambi kakuhle kwindlela yokuziphatha kwengane, ukuphuhliswa kwayo, kwimeko apho ugqirha udla ngokubanzi ubeka i-encephalography. Kuya kunceda ukuchonga izizathu zentlambo yophuhliso, ukuxhatshazwa okanye ukukhumbula ingqalelo.

Udokotela we-neurologist ubeka i-EEG iliso kubantwana (inkqubo kunye nexesha elithile) ukuba ezi zilandelayo:

• Ukuhluthwa ukuvavanya ukulinganisa umlinganiselo womonakalo kwizakhiwo zobuchopho.
• Ukulala kunye nezinye izifo zokulala.
• Ixesha lokubuyisela emva kokuhlinzwa kwiindawo zengqondo.
• Ngaphambi kwezifo ezivuthayo zengqondo, umzekelo, i-meningitis, i-meningoencephalitis.
• Iipathologies zexesha lokubeleka, umzekelo, i-hydrocephalus kwiintsana.
• Ubungqina bokukhubazeka kwecerebral.
• I-Autism ibonisa kwakhona i-EEG.
• Ukulahla ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo nangokwenyama.
• I-Enuresis kunye nokuxhamla.

Njengoko kunokubonakala kubangasentla, i-EEG yabantwana imiselwe kwiingxaki ezininzi ezihambelana ngqo okanye ngokungahambelani nomsebenzi wesistim se-nervous.

Iinjongo zovavanyo lwe-EEG

Olu pho nonongo lunceda ugqirha ukuba ahlole:

1. Ubume bokuphulwa kwengqondo kunye neqondo lokuthetha kwabo.
2. Indawo yendawo echaphazelekayo yengqondo.
3. Ukutshintsha kwexesha lokulala nokuvuka.
4. Ukusebenza konyango.

Ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezibonisa i-EEG kumntwana, ugqirha unokufikelela kwisigqibo malunga nemfuneko yezinye iinkqubo kunye nezifundo. Umzekelo, unokufuna i-CT scan.

Indlela yokulungiselela umntwana ngenkqubo ye-EEG

Ngaphambi kokuya kwinkqubo ye-encephalography, umntwana kufuneka alungiselelwe. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka ulandele imithetho ethile kunye neengcebiso:

1. Ekubeni intloko yomntwana iya kufakwa iisenzi, ngoko phambi kokuba inkqubo kufuneka uhlambe iinwele zakho.
2. Ukuba inkqubo yenziwa kumntwana omncinci, yitsho, umntwana, ngoko kufuneka umondle kwangaphambili ukuze abe nokuzola.
3. Ekubeni iintsana ze-EEG zenziwa ngexesha lokulala, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela kwangaphambili ukulala kwayo kunye neshedyuli yayo.
4. Ukuba umntwana usele ngaphezu konyaka, i-encephalography yenziwa ngexesha lokuvusa, ngoko kubalulekile ukuba umntwana ozolile kwaye uthobele yonke imiyalelo yesigqirha.
5. Ukuze umntwana aziphathe ngokuzithemba, ungathatha kunye nentetho yakhe yokudlala.
6. Ukuba inkqubo iya kwenziwa yintombazana, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukususa zonke izicathulo zeenwele, ubucwebe kunye neenwele ezivela entloko.
7. Ukuba unyango lugqityiweyo, ngoko-ke le nkqubo ayifanele ivalwe, kufuneka uxelele ingcali malunga nayo.
8. Ngabantwana abancinci ekhaya, unokwenza ukuzithoba ingubo, kuquka le midlalo yamanqwenu.

Kwakhona kubalulekile ukulungiselela kwengqondo yomntwana, ngoko iingcali zeengqondo zincoma:

• Thetha nomntwana kwaye uchaze inkqubo yesikhathi esizayo njengomdlalo othakazelisayo.
• Unokuthatha incwadi yakho oyithandayo kunye neklinikhi ukwenzela ukuba uphazamise umonakalo ovela kwinkqubo ngokufunda.
• Qiniseka ukuba ulungelelanisa urhulumente oqhelekileyo wosuku lomntwana kunye nenkqubo. Ukutya okunesondlo, kunye nomntwana omdala kufuneka abe kwindawo yokuvuka.
• Unokuyifumanisa kwimimandla yasekhaya eminye yemiyalelo yegqirha: ukuvula nokuvala amehlo, ukuphefumla kwiitempos ezahlukeneyo.

Ukuba ngaba abazali baqwalasela ukulungiswa kwangaphambili kwintsana enjalo ngenkqubo ngokufanelekileyo, ngoko yonke into iya kuhamba ngokukhawuleza.

Uhlobo lweEEG

I-bioactivity yengqondo ingazinziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ngoko oogqirha bahlula izinto ezahlukeneyo ze-encephalography:

1. Indlela eqhelekileyo. Imizuzu engama-15 i-biopotentials yengqondo ichanekile, ukucaphukisa kuyafana ngendlela ekhanyayo yokukhanya okanye ukuphefumla.
2. Ikhefu elide liquka ukulungisa umsebenzi wengqondo ngokujonga ubuthongo bemini.
3. Ukulinganisa ixesha elide ngexesha lokulala ubusuku bonke.
4. Ikhetho lokugqibela lilinganiselwe ukulahlwa kokulala (njengokuba i-EEG yenziwa kakhulu kangako kubantwana, kuphela xa kuyimfuneko).

Yiyiphi into ekhethekileyo ye-encephalography ekukhethiweyo, kwimeko nganye yekhonkrithi i-sariet ugqirha.

Ukuqala kwenkqubo

Ukuba i-neurologist iqesha i-EEG yengqondo, eboniswa kubantwana besi sifundo, ingcali iya kuchaza ngokubanzi emva kokufumana iziphumo. Inqubo eyenziwa kwigumbi elikhethekileyo, apho kungekho zandi ezidityanisiweyo ezingena khona. Apha, ifowuni efakwe, eya kulungisa imiphumo yengqondo ngohlobo lwekhava.

Ngaphambi kokuba inkqubo iqalise, ikhefu ifakwe kwintloko yentombazana, ibonakala njengesigqoko esinama-electrode, apho i-specialist isebenza kwinani elifunekayo leenzwa ezixhunyiwe kwi-encephalograph. I-Biotoks, eqhutyelwa nge-electrodes, ayinabungozi ngokupheleleyo kumntwana.

Zonke izixhobo zixhomekeke kuthi, kwaye ngaphambi kokufaka izicelo, ugqirha uyababambisa ngamanzi okanye isisombululo sosawoti ukukhusela ukubunjwa kwomoya ophakathi kwentloko kunye ne-electrode. Kwiindlebe zentsana zigqoke i-clip-electrodes ezikhethekileyo, aziqhubeki zikhoyo zombane.

Ziziphi iimpawu zokuqhuba inkqubo ye-EEG

Ukuqwalasela ubuncinane bomntwana, umyalelo we-encephalography ukhethwa. Ukuba umntwana usemncinci, ngoko uya kulala kwizandla zikayise okanye kwitafile eguqukayo. Into ebalulekileyo kukuba alele. Inqubo yonke ayiyi kuthatha imizuzu engama-20, kuba kukho ukurekhoda komsebenzi wengqondo ngexesha lokulala.

Abantwana abakhulileyo bahleli kwiqhekeza okanye kwisihlalo seentonga, intloko mayibe yinto eqondileyo, ayikwazi ukuguqulwa phambili ukwenzela ukuba ukufundwa kwayo kuphazamiseke. Isigulana esincinane sifanele siziphathe ngokuzinzileyo ngexesha lokufunda. I-EEG yabantwana abadala bayenziwe ngokungafaniyo. Inkqubo ithatha izifundo ezinzima ngakumbi, ngoko kunokuthatha ixesha elide.

Izigaba ze-encephalography

Ukuba sibheka inkqubo efanelekileyo ye-EEG, iqulethwe ngamanyathelo alandelayo:

1. Ukurekhoda komsebenzi wengqondo ekuphumleni - ukufumana "ijika".
2. Ukulungiswa komsebenzi wengqondo kwishintsho ukusuka kwi-dormancy ukuya kumsebenzi. Olu luvavanyo kunye nokuvula nokuvala amehlo. Umntwana kufuneka enze umyalelo wegqirha.
3. Isampulu ngokuxhatshazwa. Ikuvumela ukuba uqaphele ukuhluthwa ngendlela evulekileyo, izifo ezihlukahlukeneyo zeengqondo, ukuxinzelela kwexesha elide. Ngomyalelo weengcali, umntwana wenza ukuphefumula okukhulu kunye nokuphefumlelwa. Ngomntwana, loo milinganiselo ingaba ngumdlalo, umcele ukuba "aqhube itiye elishisayo" okanye "ubeke ikhandlela".
4. I-Photostimulation inceda ukuvavanya ukwanela kwengqondo yomntwana kunye nophuhliso lwentetho, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba uhlolisise umsebenzi we-epalytic. Ngoncedo lwebhubhoni yokukhanya, ukukhanya kwexesha lokukhanya kuyenziwa, amehlo kufuneka avaliwe ngexesha elinye.

Ngokuqhelekileyo inqubo ithatha malunga nemizuzu engama-30, ukuba uphando oluninzi lufunekayo, ixesha landa.

Ukuphononongwa kweziphumo

Kukho imigaqo ye-EEG kubantwana ukuba i-neurologist imele ikwazi, ngoko ke abazali banikwa umzekelo okanye ijika kunye nenkcazo emva kokufunda. Amaphuzu alandelayo kufuneka aboniswe:

1. Isiqhelo (i-alpha, i-beta, i -ta kunye ne-delta), indawo yayo kunye nobukhulu.
2. Ubume bokukhusela.
3. Ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili.

Ngesi sigqibo kunye nokudweba, isigulane esincinane kunye nonina siya kwi-neurologist, esiza kunika zonke iinkcazo.

Ingqungquthela yesalathisi ithi ntoni?

Ukuba ingcali ibona ukwephulwa kwesigqi se-alpha, oku kungabonisa ubukho be-neoplasm kwingqondo, ukuxhwaleka okanye ukubola. Ngomntwana, oku kungabonisa ukulibaziseka ekuphuhlisweni, ngakumbi ukuba:

• Ukugqithisa ngokweqile kunye ne-synchronism.
• Ukufuduswa kweziko lemisebenzi ukusuka kummandla weparietal and occipital.
• Umsebenzi onzima ngexesha lokuphefumla.

I-beta isigqi

Ukuba wenza i-EEG ngumntwana uphilile ngokupheleleyo, le ngqungquthela isetyenziswe kuphela kwi-lobes yangaphambili. Ukuba kukho ukutshintshwa kwiindawo eziphambili zobomi, oku kungabonisa ukulibaziseka ekuphuculweni kwengqondo.

Ukuba utshintsho kwixesha okanye ubukhulu bufunyaniswa, ngoko luyakwazi ukuthetha ngeengcambu okanye ukuvuvukala kwezicubu.

Uvavanyo lweetta kunye nesigqi se-delta

Ezi ziqulatho zimbini zinokumiselwa umntwana osempilo kuphela ngexesha lokulala. Ubukho babo kwi-encephalogram bunokuthetha ngentsholongwane yengqondo yomntwana, ukukhwela kwengqondo kwi-psychosis okanye neurosis.

Ukuqhaqhaqha kunye namagagasi amaninzi amaninzi kubhalwa kunye ne-epiptiform activity kwaye iqinisekisa ukuxilongwa "kwesithuthwane". I-EEG kuphela ingasetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

Zonke ezinye izikhombisi, ezibonakaliswa kwenkcazo yoluhlu, ziyakucatshulwa kuphela kwaye zichazwe ngugqirha onolwazi. Kwaye emva kokuxilongwa ngqo, kwenziwa unyango oluyimfuneko.

Kuphi ukwenza i-EEG kumntwana

Unokwenza inkqubo enjalo kwiziko lezonyango elinesixhobo esifanelekileyo kunye neengcali kuzo. Nangona inyaniso yokuba inkqubo yokufunda abantwana kunye nabantu abadala ifana ngokufanayo, ugqirha ufuna ulwazi olongezelelweyo kwintsimi ye-encephalography yomntwana.

Ngokuphathelele kwinkunzi yaseRussia, i-EEG kumntwana eMoscow inokwenziwa kwiziko lonyango elithi "Neuro-Med". Iziko lezonyango lizo zonke izixhobo eziyimfuneko, kwaye iinqununu zanamhlanje, iingcali zisebenza ekufezeni i-EEG yabantwana. Oogqirha abanolwazi banolwazi olwaneleyo lokuchazela iziphumo, kwaye ngokukhawuleza bafumane ulwimi olufanayo kunye nosana.

Musa ukoyika uphando lwangoku, kuquka ne-encephalography. Kungcono ukufumanisa ukungaqhelekanga ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwaye uthathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo, kunokuba ixesha elide lingekho iziphumo, ukunyanga izifo ezichasayo.