Yintoni inkohliso: ukusuka ku-Aesop ukuya kutsho namhlanje

Ekuqaleni ukusuka kubantu

Omnye unokuhlala ephikisana ngokukhawuleza njengesicatshulwa, esithi bonke abathengelayo kunye nabo "bathengayo" ngamagama amanga, bobabini babonakala bengenangqondo kwaye benza kakubi. Kwaye unokwazi ukuxelela inyaniso malunga ne fox kunye noshizi. Ngamafutshane, amandla kunye nokubhetele akuthethi.

Amabali amancinci okuxhobisa ngezilwanyana avele kwihlabathi ixesha elide; ezinye zazo zaba yimifanekiso, ezinye - iinganekwane. Kwangexesha elide "ubaba" wenkohliso wayebizwa ngokuba ngu-Aesop (malunga nekhulu lesithandathu BC), nokuba kukho into enjalo njengelwimi lwe- Aesophi (i-allegory). Kodwa uphando olutsha lubonisa ukuba inkokheli enkulu kunazo zonke yiBhabhiloni-iSumeriya, kwaye kuphela kuphela amaNdiya kunye namaGrike aseMandulo.

Incazelo yanamhlanje

Kwaye u-Aesop, ukugxeka iimbande zabantu, wasebenzisa imifanekiso kumabali akhe kungekhona ngenxa yokuba wayekhoboka kunye nokuthetha ngokusobala kwakuyingozi, kodwa ngenxa yokuba wayesazi into engummiselo kunye nendlela eyisiko ukuyichaza ngayo. Nangona kunjalo, u-Aesop wehla kwimbali nje njengengcali yezinto eziphambili, waphenduka uhlobo lweengoma ezivela kwintsimi ukuya kwiingcamango zobuqhetseba. Kwaye emva kwamakhulu eminyaka, phantse onke amabali amabali akhe asetshenziselwa umsebenzi wakhe ngabanye abantu.

Kwaye ngoku iinjongo zemfundo zefable zihlala zifana, ke kutheni lolu hlobo luyilo loncwadi lwe-didactic, olubizwa ukuba lufundise, luchaze kwaye lufundise. Kwimibuzo ethile: "Yintoni inkohliso?" - umntu wamhlanje uya kuphendula ukuba lo ngumsebenzi olinganiselwe ngobukhulu obuncinane kwivesi okanye kwiprose, apho iindawo ezimbi zabantu kunye noluntu zibonakala. Amaqhawe eendaba ezinjalo zizilwanyana kunye nezinto (umntu unqabile kakhulu), impembelelo kumfundi iyenzeka ngoncedo lwe-comic (satire) kunye nokugxeka, kunye nokufundisa (ingcamango ephambili) kukufumana, okubizwa ngokuba nokuziphatha.

E-Russia yonke into yaqala ngo-Aesop

Ukuba kwaseMakedeni yaseGrisi iminyaka engama-600 ngaphambi kokuba uKrestu sele esazi ukuba yintoni inkohlakalo, ngoko e-Russia kwakufundwa kuphela ngawe kwiminyaka emibini yeminyaka. Ingcaciso yalo njengoluhlobo lwasungulwa ekuqaleni kwe-17 leminyaka nguFedor Gozvinsky xa eguqulela iifesi ze-Aesop kwisiRashiya. Iingcali ezifumanekayo zingafumaneka kwiimisebenzi zaseCantemir, eSomarokov, eKomnitzer. Kodwa ke kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba phantse yonke imisebenzi yabo yayinguguqulelo kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwemisebenzi yabanye: i-Aesop efanayo, kunye neLafontaine, iGellert ne-Lessing. U-Ivan Chemnitzer kuphela wenza iinzame zakhe zokuqala ukwenza into yakhe, ngoko uDmitriyev wenza le nkcubeko, kodwa xa u-Ivan Krylov ethatha umsebenzi, iincwadi zehlabathi zaziqonda ukuba inkohlakalo ivela kwipeni leklasi. Kuze kube ngoku, kukho uluvo lokuba u-Ivan Andreevich uyinyanisekile njengoluhlobo oluphakanyisiwe ekuphakanyeni kangangokuthi kuya kuthatha amawaka eminyaka, ngoko kubekho umntu onento entsha. Imigca evela kwimisebenzi yakhe yaxhunyelelwa kwii-aphorisms: ukuba uhlalutya inkohlakalo kaKrylov, nantoni na, kuyacaca ukuba i-fabulist enkulu yezifundo ezingezizo zaseRashiya ziguqulelwe ingqondo yaseRussia, yenza iiflethi zibonakalise iimpawu zesizwe.

Iimpawu zohlalutyo

Uhlalutyo lwefestile lombongo luhluke kakhulu kuhlalutyo lwesicatshulwa seenkondlo, kuba, nangona ubukho bemvumelwano, into ebalulekileyo kumsebenzi onjalo yindlela yokufezekisa injongo yomsebenzi. Uhlalutyo lwefestile, okokuqala, luquka ezi ngongoma ezilandelayo:

- ukudalwa kwefable (umbhali, unyaka wokubhala, isakhiwo sakhe);

- isishwankathelo (imbono ephambili);

- amaqhawe e-fable (positive, negative), njengoko adluliselwa ngumlingiswa wawo;

- ulwimi lwefable (zonke iindlela zobugcisa kunye neengcaciso) ;

- ukufaneleka kwefestile;

- ingaba kukho kwiimpawu ezithembekileyo eziye zaba zizekeliso okanye i-phraseologicalisms.