Yintoni ifayile yekhabhinethi: inkcazo kunye neendidi

Umbutho ngamnye ugcina ulawulo kunye neerekhodi zamaphepha. Kumele ibekwe kwisebe elithile. Ifayile yekhadi iyadingeka ebhankini, ithala leencwadi kunye namanye amaziko. Isetyenziswe ukufumana nayiphi na idatha okanye ngesicelo sabathengi. Yintoni ifayili yefayile? Leli liSebe leziko, apho ulwazi olubalulekileyo lufumaneka khona.

Amaphepha eefayili yefayile ayesigumbi esikhethekileyo. Zizibhedlele, iilayibrari, iibhanki kunye namanye amaziko. Ukufakwa kwamaphepha ngamaxwebhu kukuvumela ukuba uzigcine ngendlela efanelekileyo kwaye phantsi kolawulo.

Ingcamango

Ikhowudi yekhadi kubhaliswa kwamaxwebhu, ahleliwe nge-alfabheti. Kukho kwakhona ukuhanjiswa kwemiqathango, izihloko. Ndiyabulela into yokuba yonke into isebe linye lenkampani, akunzima ukufumana nayiphi na ingcaciso.

Iyiphi ifayili yefayili kwilayibrari? Ezi zikhokelo ezikuvumela ukuba ufumane ngokukhawuleza iincwadi ezinomdla, kuba bonke abafundi bafumana ukufumana ulwazi oluthile. Ngaphandle kwabo, bekuya kunzima ukuhamba kwilayibrari.

Imisebenzi

Inkqubo yekhathalogu, kubandakanywa nekharityhulam yekharityhulam, yenza imisebenzi elandelayo:

• Ukufunyanwa, ukugcinwa kweengxelo, ukugcinwa kwamaphepha, ukubonelela ngolwazi, umsebenzi weendlela kunye nophando;
• Ukubhaliswa nokubhaliswa;
• Ukufumana ulwazi;
• LeMfundo.

Ngokuxhomekeke kwimiba yeziko, ifayile yefayili yenza enye imisebenzi. Usebenza emsebenzini kwiziko ngalinye.

Shishini

Yintoni ifayile yekhadi kwibhanki? Eli gama liquka ukubalwa kwamaxwebhu okubhalwa kwebhanki engenziwanga. Iziko labo lilawulwa. Ifayile yekhadi ingaba yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeke kwizizathu zezibopho ezingahlawulwanga.

Ezi zinokuthi zibe yi-oda ezingakhange ziqhutywe ngenxa yokungabikho kwemali. Emva koko umqeshwa wenza ubhaliso loxwebhu kwifomu yekhompyutha kunye nephepha. Inkokhelo enjalo iya kuba kwi-akhawunti ye-balance balance. Umnini weakhawunti uxelelwe ukuba loxwebhu luqeshwe. Emva kokufumana iimali kuthiwa yi-akhawunti efunwayo. Kwifayili yekhadi kugcinwe amaxwebhu apho ufuna imvume ukuze wenze intlawulo yentlawulo, kunye nalabo abalinde ukujika kwabo.

Ubukho bekhowudi yekhadi kubonisa ukuba inkampani ineemeko zemali engaqinisekanga. Ukuba umnini we-akhawunti akanalo, ibhanki inikeza umgca wekhredithi okanye enye eyongezelelweyo. Inkxaso.

Umyalelo ngumyalelo wokusetyenziswa kwee- oda zokuhlawula. Kuvunyiwe ngumthetho. Amadokhumenti awaposwanga ngaphambi komgca. Ukuba i-akhawunti inexabiso eliyimfuneko, ngoko yonke into ihamba ngomhla. Ukungabikho kwemali efunekayo, kulandelwa umgca olandelayo:

• Ukuphunyezwa kweemali zokuhlawula umonakalo;
• Ukuhlawulwa kwemivuzo, ikhefu lokugula, ikhefu;
• Iintlawulo zerhafu;
• Ukuthumela imali kwiimali;
• Ezinye iimfuneko.

Umdlalo

Yintoni ifayile yekhadi kwimboniso yokudlala? Ezi zixhobo zokufundisa ezinomdla kunye nokuphuhlisa izifundo kubantwana. Iimidlalo zekhadi ziquka ulwazi oluyimfuneko malunga nokuphunyezwa kwemisebenzi, kwakunye neloluhlu lwezixhobo eziyimfuneko. Ibonisa iminyaka yobudala kunye nesidingo sokunceda umntu omdala.

Iimidlalo zekhadi zise-nursergart kunye namanye amaziko emfundo. Ngombulelo kubungqina bayo kuya kubakho ukufumana ngokukhawuleza ulwazi oluyimfuneko ekusebenzeni isenzo esinokubakho abantwana. Yonke imidlalo ihlelwe nge-alfabhethi.

Ithala leencwadi

Inkcazo yekhadi leencwadi ihlala kwindawo ebalulekileyo kwiziko lemfundo. Ulwazi malunga nalo lunikezwa ngabafundi ngokuthi:

• Ulwazi olubonakalayo;
• Imicimbi, iintetho, ukuhamba;
• Imihla yokubhalwa kweencwadi;
• Ukupapashwa kwezibonelelo;
• Ukusetyenziswa kweefom kunye neendlela zethala leencwadi.

Ulawula inkqubo yeekhathalogu namakhadi kwilayibrari ngoncedo lokucwangcisa, ukulungelelanisa, ukulawula. Umsebenzi wabasebenzi kule ndawo ukulungiselela izicwangciso, ukuphuhlisa amaxwebhu, ukubeka esweni imisebenzi eyenziwa. Iphepha ngalinye leelayibrari lixhomekeke kwisondlo nokuhlela, apho abasebenzi bajongene nencazelo yomsebenzi.

Iintlobo zezikhokelo

Isalathisi sekhadi kubandakanya ezininzi iikhathalogu ezingakwazi ukuhluka kwiinjongo, ububanzi be-fund, indlela yokuqokelela, ukudala nokusebenzisa iteknoloji.

Ukuba ucinga ngenjongo, iikhathalogu zifunda kunye nenkonzo. Ziqulethe, umzekelo, ulwazi olunomdla kubafundi. Ngokwe-fund coverage, iikhathalogu zingabandakanya ulwazi oluncedo malunga namaziko, kunye namacandelo athile elayibrari.

Ngendlela yokuqhawula amakhadi ngaba:

• Alphabetic;
• NgeNkqubo.

Iyokuqala iboniswa ngoluhlu lwekhathalogu, apho idatha ibhalwe nge-alfabheti. Ukufumana ngokukhawuleza incwadi efanelekileyo, kufuneka ufumane inkcukacha yombhali okanye igama lomsebenzi. Ukusebenzisa ikhathalogu enjalo kakhulu.

Ikhathalogu echanekileyo yinto apho ulwazi lufunyanwa ngamasebe wolwazi. Kule nto, imigaqo yamathala eencwadi kunye nolwahlulo lwama-bibliographic lisetyenzisiweyo, apho imithetho yokuqoqa ulwazi ichongiwe. Njengoko uhlobo lokudalwa nokusetyenziswa, iifayile zekhadi zendabuko kunye nekhompyutha.

Imigaqo yokugcina amaxwebhu

Ingqolowa yolondolozo igcinwa ngumqeshwa okhethekileyo osebenza ngokubhekiselele kwingcaciso yomsebenzi. Umqeshwa unikela ukufumana, ukugcinwa kwengxelo kunye nokugcinwa kwamaxwebhu. Uyenzela ulwazi kunye nemisebenzi yenkcazelo, kunye nokuhlelwa kwenkqubo kunye neendlela.

Kwimashishini nganye, i-archive isendaweni ehlukileyo. Kuphela nje ngeendlela ezikhethiweyo ezisetyenzisiweyo, iikhabhinethi, ukhuseleko, ukwenza umsebenzi wokhuseleko lwamaphepha. Ixesha lokugcina kwabo liyiminyaka emithathu, kodwa linokuncitshiswa.

Emva kokuphela kweli xesha, kunqunywe ukuba ngaba umqulu uya kusetyenziswa, okanye ugcinwe ngokusisigxina. Kukho ukhetho lokutshatyalaliswa. Yintoni ekufuneka iyenze ngokuqinisekileyo yenziwe isigqibo ngokusekelwe kwikhomishoni yengcali.

Izixhobo zokufaka ikhabhinethi kwizibhedlele

Amakhadi ekhowudi yekhadi abandakanya ulwazi oluyimfuneko malunga nezigulane. Kukho unokufumana ulwazi malunga nezempilo, imbali yonyango, iziyobisi zonyango. Olu xwebhu lukuvumela ukuba udlulise idatha ukusuka kwelinye ugqirha ukuya kwelinye.

Amakhadi agcinwa kwiesheluli ezikhethekileyo, apho yonke into ihlelwe nge-alfabhethi. Iifenitshala zamaxwebhu inokulawulwa phantsi kwamanani athile. Ama-racks ane-18-25 cm kunye nobubanzi obu-1000 mm. Iinkampani ezininzi zibandakanya ukuvelisa ifenitshala eyenziwe ngokwezifiso ezisekelwe kubathengi.

Kwisebe lovimba-mali kukho ifenitshala yomzila wesithuthi. Kuya kunceda ukuhambelana nokubeka izinto eziyimfuneko kwiindawo ezincinci. Kwiholide yokumkela kunokuba kubekho izitya okanye iifenitshala ezidibeneyo. Ukufakwa kwamaphepha ngokuchanekileyo kuya kufumana ngokukhawuleza ikhadi elifanelekileyo.