"Wonke amalungelo agcinwe": ukuthini oku kuthetha ntoni? Ukukhuselwa kwe-Copyright

I-copyright yinkqubo yamalungelo engqondo yomlobi, ngenxa yokuba umsebenzi wakhe wokudala wasungulwa umsebenzi kwintsimi yeencwadi, inzululwazi kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa. Ngoko, lithetha ntoni igama elithi "copyright"?

I-copyright kunye nokusabalalisa le ngcamango

Ngoku igama elithi "copyright" njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo ifana nobomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Ukwandisa, ibinzana elithi "onke amalungelo agcinwe" liviwa, kwaye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemveliso ezikhuselweyo ngamalungelo okushicilela kwishishini langoku lihlala kwinxalenye enkulu. Ukongezelela, ngoku sijongene neentlobo zobugcisa, eziyiminyaka engamashumi amabini edlulileyo azizange ziqikelele. Kuzo zonke ezi ngasentla, kulandela ukuba ukubaluleka kokubaluleka kombono we-copyright kunokuchazwa ngokunyuka okukhulu kwendawo yayo. Ukukhuselwa komthetho kweendlela ezintsha zobuninzi kuye kwaba yimbangela kunye nokunyanzeliswa kokutshintshwa kolwazi olusebenzayo kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, kwandiswe umphumo wezoqoqosho we-copyright.

Yintoni i-copyright?

Uninzi lweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokushicilela zichazwe: zinokuba yipropati kwaye ayikho; Ikhethekileyo kunye no. Ngomntu onamalungelo akhethekileyo, ukhetho olulodwa luxhatshazo lomsebenzi kunye nokusabalaliswa kwalo. Unelungelo lokunqabela nabani na ukuba basebenzise isiphumo somsebenzi wakhe wengqondo-umsebenzi wakhe. Ngokuqhelekileyo le yimeko yombhali. Ukuba akazange asayine isivumelwano esithile sokushicilela, esasigxina amalungelo akhe athile kubanini bamalungelo. Abantu abanelungelo elingenamkhethe lokusebenzela umsebenzi wokudala banikezwa ithuba lokusebenzisa, ukuba libhalwe. Ngaloo ndlela umbhali unakho ukuzola, kuwo onke amalungelo akhuselekile, isivumelwano sombhali sobulungisa (ukuba akukho zixhobo ezinjalo) zidluliselwa ngaphandle kweyodwa. Amalungelo esicwangciso esingenasipropati yilawo awanqwenela ukuvelisa okwenziwe ngepropati - ukuthengwa, ukuthengiswa, umnikelo, ukudluliselwa.

Imiba yobhaliso lobunikazi

Ifomu ekhusela ipropati yengqondo ingabizwa ngokuba yi-copyright. Le isethi ethile yemigaqo esemthethweni edibene nokudalwa kunye nokusasazwa kwemisebenzi yenkcubeko, isayensi, ubugcisa. Injongo yomnqophiso wabalobi ukudibanisa amalungelo abo kukubonisa ukuba ngexesha lokubhalisa le ngxelo ye-copyright ifom yefomu, kweli phepha zonke iikopi zikhuselekile. Xa amabango okubhaliweyo adibanisa kwaye umbuzo wokukhusela i-copyright uvela, izenzo ezinjalo ezenziwe kwangaphambili zinokuba luncedo kakhulu.

Ilungelo lobunikazi lichazwe kwaye likhuselwe njani kwiRussia Federation nakwamanye amazwe

I-Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works yenzelwe ukukhusela amalungelo okukopisha kuwo onke amazwe asayine. Ngako oko, phantsi kokukhuselwa kwayo yonke imisebenzi yokubhaliweyo kwabemi baseRussia Federation, kwaye kungakhathaliseki ukuba ilizwe libhaliswe kuyo, nokuba ingaba yenzeke. Ukuba sithetha ngokukhusela i-copyright kumazwe ngamazwe, ngoko, njengaseRashiya, ukubhaliswa akuyimfuneko kubo. Ukuba umbhali akafunanga nje ukuba onke amalungelo akhuselekile, kodwa ubungqina bokuba ngexesha lokubhalisa umsebenzi usetyenziswe ifomu, kuyimfuneko ukulungisa ubhaliso kuluntu lombhali waseRashiya. Kwiimeko zokungagcinwa kwe-copyright kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba inkqubo kufuneka iqhutyelwe kwimeko apho yenziwe khona, ngokuhambelana nemithetho yolu rhu lumente.

Amanqaku e-copyright

Inyaniso yokuba amalungelo aphantsi kokukhuselwa, ngokuqhelekileyo, ngokukodwa kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo kwinethiwekhi, ibonakaliswa ngumqondiso okhethekileyo "onke amalungelo agcinwe." Kuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa negama lomntu obambe i-copyright. Ngokukhawuleza ubonise ngokukodwa umnyaka xa iincwadi zipapashwa, okanye ixesha elide. Imifanekiso eqingqiweyo yomfanekiso, emela ukukhuselwa kwe-copyright, yileta yesiLatini C, ebeka ngaphakathi kwangqa. Oku kukhethwa ngenxa yokuba le yileta yokuqala yokuqala yegama lesiNgesi lobunikazi (ukusuka kwi-copyright, ukusuka "ikopi" kunye "ekunene").

Iqiniso lokuba onke amalungelo agcinwe kwisayithi ngamanye amaxesha achazwa ngokusetyenziswa kwileta C, edibeneyo kubazali-(c).

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba lo mqondiso awunamalungelo angeziwe ngokwalo. Ukuba khona kwakhe akuhambelani nelayisenisi yomsebenzi wokudala. Umbhalo othi "copyright - onke amalungelo agcinwe" kuphela isatifikethi sephepha lobunikazi. Kubonakala ukuba kuqinisekiswa ukuba ngumxholo wesicatshulwa okanye umsebenzi. Ngokwahlukileyo, ukungabikho kokubekwa uphawu akuthethi ukuba le propati yengqondo ayikhuselwanga.

Ngaphantsi kwemithetho yeRussia Federation, i-copyright ibonakala kwimeko yokudalwa komsebenzi. Ukuze ukhusele ilungelo lobunikazi, akukho mfuneko yokubhalisa okanye ubunye ubungqina.

Imigomo yelungelo lomlobi lokusebenza

Ukuvela kwelungelo lobunikazi, njengoko kuchazwe ngasentla, kuhambelana nento yokwenza umsebenzi. Umthetho waseRashiya awuqukethe indlela yokufumana ilungelo lobunikazi ekudalweni. Umntu lowo umsebenzi owadalwa ngawo uyabonwa njengombhali. Unayo: ilungelo elikhethekileyo lento, ilungelo lokubhala, ilungelo lokunikwa igama, ukungahambi kakuhle komsebenzi, ukumenyezelwa kwayo. Ubungqina bokuba onke amalungelo akhuselekile, itekisi okanye ulwazi, ngenxa yokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba kubonwe umbhali okanye umnini-copyright. Ngokuqhelekileyo iinkcukacha ezinjalo zifumaneka kwiikopi yokuqala yomsebenzi. Ziyakunamathela kuyo, zinokuqhotyoshelweyo okanye zenziwe zikarhulumente ngesigidimi ukusasazwa emoyeni kwaye zithunyelwa kuluntu.

Amalungelo ombhali wesicwangciso sepropati

Xa onke amalungelo ekhuselekile, umbhali unamalungelo epropati . Bangakwazi ukuvelisa umsebenzi wabo, banokuyibonisa esidlangalaleni, bafeze, bayifake, basasaze kuyo nayiphi na indlela efanelekileyo, bahumushe, benze uhlengahlengiso, basasaze uluntu ngokubukela kumabonwakude, ukusasazwa emoyeni. Umbhali ubhetele ngokukhawuleza emva kokudalwa komsebenzi ukuqinisa ubungqina bokuba ungumnikazi wakhe ngeli xesha. Kwimeko yokudibanisa, oku kuya kususa yonke imibuzo. Ukuba oku akwenziwanga kwaye kukho izibalo zobumba, umdali oyinyaniso unokufumana ubungqina ngokusebenzisa inkqubo efana nokubeka. Isiphumo saso sisitifiketi esiqinisekisa ukukhuselwa okuthembekileyo kwamalungelo ombhali kwi-Intanethi.