Wezenzi kukho izinto, ngaphandle apho akunakwenzeka ukuba ukufunda ngesayensi

Nayiphi chemistry ulwahlulo kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa iikhemikhali ezithile. Ngenxa yokuba wezenzi - into ezinokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwimpilo yabantu, ukuze yokugcina babo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile.

iqela 7

wezenzi Chemical kule group zinetyhefu kakhulu, ngoko ke ukubekwa kwabo, kukho iimfuno ezithile. ukuba esefini, nto leyo ise laborantskoy. Uye isitshixo oncedisayo, kwakunye ngutitshala of chemistry.

ukugcinwa kweekhemikhali wavalwa kwizikolo eziziisekondari, kunye nakwiilebhu ezifumaneka kumaziko emfundo ephakamileyo, ubukho babo kuvunyelwa kuphela ukuba umyalelo ekhethekileyo evela kwintloko yeziko lemfundo. Laboratory uqhuba ulawulo olungqongqo kwenkcitho kwezinto ezinjalo, ngokuthatha amanqaku kwingxelo yemihla ngemihla ekhethekileyo.

Uluhlu lweekhemikhali ezingaphiliyo abavunyelwe kwilabhoratri yesikolo

Dwelisa imichiza ezisisiseko ezingaphiliyo, leyo vumela umboniso eksperimenti kwizifundo chemistry esikolweni:

• izinto ezilula: metal sodium, crystalline ayodini, bromine wamanzi;
• sodium hayidroksayidi, oxides zesinyithi kunye non-zesinyithi;
• iityuwa, kuquka iikhompawundi ezintsonkothileyo, dichromates kunye chromates;
• izisombululo acid.

izinto eziphilayo

Qaphela wezenzi kunye nezinto eziphilayo apho utitshala chemistry angasebenzisa ekwenzeni abantwana besikolo lwezakhono ezisebenzisekayo:

• aniline;
• asidi eziphilayo;
• benzene;
• phenol;
• formalin.

kwiimfuno ekhuselekileyo kweekhemikhali

Safe shelwe chemistry laborantskoy ukugcina wezenzi, iqela 7, elidla ngokwakhiwa okuqinileyo sheet metal. Avumelekile nokufakela isakhiwo ngomthi, ukuba ekhuselekileyo ngaphandle igcwele nentsimbi, Ebubanzini apho engekho ngaphantsi kwe-1 mm.

Kukho iimfuno kunye nendawo ekhuselekileyo. Njengoko ukuba reactants na imithombo ophezulu ingozi, kufuneka ukhethe indawo ekhuselekileyo, kangangokuba kwakulula ukuba xa ngomlilo.

iinkcukacha Standard ezintweni eliphezulu umsebenzi bokuphila

Phakathi wezenzi ube iipropati efanayo, oko kukhankanywe ebuntsimbi zinc, calcium, lithium, oxide kunye hayidroksayidi, calcium nitrate metal iodide, potassium permanganate, potassium, iikhompawundi zinc. Ezi wezenzi ke imithi ngozi, ngoko ke, amalinge nabo abavumelekanga kuphela phantsi kweliso elibukhali likatitshala.

Kwakhona zifakwe kuluhlu, organic izinto ezifana diethyl iEtere, acetone, alkoholi, cyclohexane, chloroform, oli ekrwada. wezenzi ezinjalo zizinto ukuba ube nefuthe kwinkqubo luvo yabantu, ngoko ababandakanywanga kuluhlu ngamalungiselelo imichiza esetyenziswa kwizikolo eziqhelekileyo zemfundo umsebenzi kunye kwilebhu practical imifuniselo.

Iklasi abanako ukufumana indawo yokuhlala (itshixiwe) 8 kuphela iqela iikhemikhali zisetyenziswa ngexesha emsebenzini kunye kwilebhu practical imifuniselo. wezenzi ezinjalo izinto ukuba ezikhuselekileyo impilo yabantwana. Umzekelo, nesisombululo chloride sodium sulfate potassium, calcium chloride.

imithetho ukugcinwa ukulungiselela izikolo ezincinane

Kwizikolo ezincinane zasemaphandleni apho ezingabandakanyi ubukho indawo ekhethekileyo phantsi laborantskuyu igumbi, ukugcinwa kweekhemikhali kufuneka anikele ingqalelo ekhethekileyo. Umzekelo, i-asidi reagent apho uyondelelwano lwee- arhente esebenzayo udlula-50 ekhulwini, kufuneka ifakwe kwingxowa yeplastiki evaliweyo ze ubotshwe.

Alkalis ukuba zikwimeko eqinileyo, kufuneka ukuba ibe kumgama elingeneyo asidi, ngokulondoloza ukuphakheja mveliso. Emva kokuvula kwibhotile sodium hayidroksayidi okanye potassium kufuneka ambathe ivaliwe, ngoko afakwe engxoweni yeplastiki okanye engqayini, nto leyo angenziwa ivalwe ngesiciko.

Kuphela isisombululo zolwelo-ammonia kunye zehydrochloric acid has a uxinzelelo oluphezulu umphunga, ngoko kubalulekile ukukhangela yobunzima iphakheji. Njengoko amanyathelo eyongezelelweyo yokhuseleko xa usebenza ezi wezenzi kucingwa ukusetyenziswa iikepusi uphawu ezongezelelweyo, kwiingxowa zeplastiki elunxwemeni.

Ukuba akukho gumbi wezenzi ukufakwa eyahlukileyo amaqela 2,5,6 wabavumela ukuba co-indawo kwi yikhabhinethi efanayo. Kulo mzekelo, kuyimfuneko ukuba iqela ngalinye ukuba kwithala eyahlukileyo. Ukhetho osenyongweni nokubambisa kwishelfu liphezulu wezenzi, iqela 5 ngezantsi kunikwa zizinto neebhanki iqela 6, ezantsi yikhabhinethi amaqela 2 akhulule wezenzi.

isiphelo

Kulo naliphi na iziko lemfundo, okuthiwa ukuba izifundo kunye nemisebenzi extra-curricular kwemichiza, kukho umyalelo okhethekileyo, ngokutsho apho indawo ethile yabelwa kubo. Classic nekhabhathi somhlathi ilabhoratri kusetyenziswa iikhemikhali endlwini, ofulelwe ngezinto polymeric yale mihla abanganyangekiyo neziphumo ezibi lwendalo ndlongondlongo.

Xa kungekho khazi zokhuselo ezinjalo, kubalulekile ukwenza yonke amalungu angaphakathi ipeyinti oyile kwikhabhinethi 2-3 maleko ekwenzeni bumpers ezishelfini, ukuphakama kwayo kufuneka zibe-3 cm.

Ukuze ukukhusela komele ngamanzi, bahambisa kwiiseli ezininzi polyethylene film. impahla obeka chemistry laborantskoy lwenziwa kunye nokugcina ngokungqongqo ngemithetho yokhuseleko emlilweni.

Kwi udonga okanye lokufundela chemistry ucango laborantskoy, kufuneka imiyalelo yokhuseleko zabasebenzi, ezivunyiweyo zasayinwa ngumlawuli we yeziko lemfundo, sinetywina mbutho.