Scientist Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich: biography

Umsunguli astronautics ithiyori Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich eyenziweyo kule inzululwazi igalelo elingana umnikelo Tsiolkovsky, Kibalchicha Zander. Noko ke, ingqalelo kweza kuye kuphela emva kokufa, xa kuvulwa kulityalwa ISAZINZULU kwakhona "bafumana" kwisizukulwana esilandelayo abaphandi. Umsebenzi sisazinzulu zaye ayaziwa noko, ngenxa yokuba umsebenzi wakhe qembu.

ebuntwaneni

Isazinzulu Future Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich wazalwa ngo June 21 1897 ngo Poltava. Igama ngu koko wehla kwimbali, ngenene elabo, hayi kanye mandithi, igama lomntu ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo, kunye yakhe amaxwebhu ixesha elide uphando waphila. Wazalwa njengoko Alexander Ivanovich Shargey. Inkwenkwe yintandane kwangethuba yaye yaphakamisa umkhulu wakhe. Xa ndandineminyaka eli-13 waya kufunda Poltava yokwenza umthambo, apho abafundi abakrelekrele sinikele ingqalelo utitshala. Mfundisi wathumela Alexander umdla kwicala lasekunene - physics, imathematika kunye nobume.

Sele ebuntwaneni ekuqaleni, le nkwenkwe wabonakala ukukunqwenela ezintsha. Wachitha ixesha elininzi ngeemoto, imithombo, injini yamanzi, iimpompo, barometers kunye nezinye yokufuna ulwazi beza ngesandla. Ayimangalisi into yokuba emva Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich waba yimbangi emangalisayo kunye ngaphambi mbono yinzululwazi ixesha.

imfundo alenga

Enye ingcamango yokuba wayithimba ezingqondweni Aleksandra Shargeya, elo iphupha-moya omncane. Ngowe-1930, xa incwadi Tsiolkovsky, wakhankanya ukuba kwiminyaka eli-16 ukuya ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni na Nngokobuchwepheshe ukutyeshela kunokwenzeka ukusuka kumphezulu womhlaba emajukujukwini. Ukususela ngoko Shargeya waba eyakhe ingcamango-fix. Ngomhla olwandulela ekupheleni Poltava zokuthamba mfana ke yagqitywa umbhalo wakhe wokuqala ezinkulu - "Abo baya kufunda ukwakha." Xa idrafti encwadi Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich elizayo aliqulunqileyo (nakuba ezingacacanga) iprojekthi elizayo zokuhamba omncane. Kamva ezi zimvo waba kweminye imisebenzi yakhe.

Ke Shargey wangena Petrograd Polytechnic Institute. Noko ke, ufundisiso yakhe ayizange ihlale ixesha elide. Kungekudala Alexander wayilwa sokungena emkhosini, yaye ngowe-1917 waba phezu abaseAfrika Front of leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Ensign wabuyela ekhaya emva kwamabutho ngokubanzi Oktobha Revolution kunye iiBolsheviks zentengiso.

igama elitsha

Kungekudala kakhulu Poltava waba phakathi imfazwe yamakhaya. Shargey wayeligosa, yaye ngoko ke ubizwa empini General Denikin. Alexander inxaxheba kwegazi zange afune kwaye washiywa xa kuvela ithuba. Iminyaka emibini elandelayo lo mfana wahlala kwindawo semi-zomthetho, umxholo imisebenzi yasendlini. Waye sisongelwa ukubanjwa. Ngowe-1921, izalamane bakwazi ukuthenga kuba kuye yokundwendwela egameni Yuriya Vasilevicha Kondratyuka - umfundi University of Kiev, bafa sephepha sungula.

Noko ke, ukuze sihlale lokuzalwa kwakhe Ukraine wayengekabi engakhuselekanga. Red okanye White ungabonakalisa inzalelwane Poltava. Emva koko ke Isazinzulu Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich wabalekela Kuban wathabatha Krylovskiy ikheshi. Ezibanjiswe ngokhuseleko olubonakalayo, ekugqibeleni wathatha imibono yakhe moya phakathi iiplanethi. Njengalo naluphi na inzululwazi self-efundisa, yokuba wayephethwe yokuswela imali. Kondratyuk wayeza ukwakha rocket yakhe, kodwa indlela ukuphumeza amaphupha abo, abengabawiselanga mthetho. Yonke into eseleyo ukwenza igolide ukuba uchaze iingcamango theoretical component ephepheni.

Kondratyuk and Tsiolkovsky

Kondratyuk ngaxeshanye isifundo efanayo olwenziwa uKonstantin Tsiolkovsky. Kuba okokuqala sisazinzulu oselula Bakhubeka phezu amanqaku bakhe 1918 kwi umba endala "Niva". Ukususela umbandela, kwacaca ukuba ingcamango moya omncane ugula ngengqondo kuphela Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich.

Biography of lo mntu Umzekelo wendlela xesha - ngenxa revolution kunye imfazwe, yena iminyaka emininzi ukuba ukulibala ngobomi njengesiqhelo. Ngoko ke, ukuba nesixhobo Tsiolkovsky, wabuyela kuphela ngo-1925, xa ufunda "Bulletin Aeronautics."

"Le ukoyisa yendawo omncane '

Okumangalisayo kukuba, beza abaphandi ezimbini ukuya izigqibo ezifanayo, ngaloo ndlela usebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Kulo mzekelo, a ngaphambi elincinane umlingane wakhe Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich kuyo. Impumelelo of physics ziye ezinxulumene nomsebenzi wakhe eziphambili - incwadi ethi 'The ukoyisa yendawo omncane. " Yeyona imveliso lombhali izidanga ngowe-1926, xa wayehlala kwidolophana yase-Oktobha. Eli xesha, yena aliqulunqileyo msebenzi wakhe ayikho ithiyori nje, kwaye kuye iinkcukacha ezininzi kunye nezibalo.

Le Isazinzulu wazama ukupapasha i "ukoyisa isithuba omncane" eMoscow. Le ncwadi ufumene ngokutsha ezintle uNjingalwazi Vladimir Vetchinkina. Yena uye wafundela Dynamics flight irula kwaye ngoko bawazisa umsebenzi Kondratyuk. Noko ke, ukuba ukupapasha incwadi ngayo akuphumelelanga. Kuyo yonke iminyaka elandelayo Vetchinkin kuphela i-self-wafundisa engaziwayo.

eSiberia

Ngowe-1927, Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich, ogama engobomi ngumzekelo ngobomi esoloko ingena umntu, wafudukela naseNovosibirsk. Kwelinye icala lelo lizwe, waya kwi isimemo le "kwiivenkile" ekuhlaleni. Le ofisi linoxanduva lokugcina okuziinkozo emdeni kwiingingqi ezininzi. More on Kuban Kondratiuk ceba iiteknoloji ezintsha ezininzi bekwilift. umsebenzi wakhe nomdla naseNovosibirsk. Ngoko ke umntu waphupha ngeenkwenkwezi, waba nembopheleleko yokugcina ingqolowa.

Xa inzululwazi kwindawo entsha wafumana abahlobo kunye nabahlobo abatsha, kodwa akukho namnye kubo into ihlombe bubutsha kusekho vaakelani va. Ukanti Kondratiuk wakhumbula umsebenzi wakhe uphambili ebhaliweyo. Iminyaka eliqela wasisindisa imali yakhe, bephila ubomi spartan, yaye ekugqibeleni wathumela ngqangi yakhe ivenkile woshicilelo yasekuhlaleni. Le ncwadi iye kancinane kakhulu. Typesetters andiluqondi iifomyula zemathematika kwesayensi, wenza iimpazamo uze uzenze yonke into kwakhona.

Ukupapashwa kwale ncwadi

NgoJanuwari 1929, i "ukoyisa isithuba omncane" yapapashwa uhlelo encinane kwimibhalo 2000. Le ncwadi iphepha 72 kunye namaphepha ezininzi imifanekiso kunye nemizobo. Vladimir Vetchinkin wabhala intshayelelo apho wathi isifundo Kondratyuka esibanzi kunazo zonke ezikhoyo ngoko, kwaye yapapashwa kuphela Russian, kodwa iilwimi zasemzini.

Yintoni ngokwesiseko elitsha libhaliwe Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich? olunika umdla kule ncwadi lilele yokuba wavumela eminye imiba yeengcingane, ngaleyo ndlela evula ithuba sethiyori sokuntingela iiplanethi asebumelwaneni. Kondratyuk wathumela ikopi enye Tsiolkovsky yaye kamva ngenyanga wafumana impendulo apho asebenza esiphezulu adunyiswe umsebenzi wakhe. Uninzi lokuhamba zezenzululwazi wanika noogxa bakhe. Abanye bafunda incwadi ngaphandle yentlonelo, kodwa kunqabile ukuba babenako ukuqonda umbhalo. Kuba abanye abaqambi kwaye wahlala engaqhelekanga ome.

YokuBamba nokuvalelwa

Kungekudala emva kokupapashwa ncwadi Kondratiuk kunye noogxa ezintlanu babanjwa kwaye bagwetywa iminyaka emithathu entolongweni kwi 58 inqaku 'ezopolitiko'. It wabhala yokuqalekisa omnye oogxa bakhe. Emva kwexesha elithile, isivakalisi sokuqala indawo umsebenzi kwi-Special Bureau №14 - «sharashka", apho imisebenzi kwezinye izazinzulu wabanjwa kunye nabaphandi. Kukho Kondratyuk wafumana ukusetyenziswa entsha - oko ukuyila izixhobo ezisetyenziswa xa kusenziwa i-Kuzbass namalahle.

Kwakhona Okufakwe wadala iCrimea uyilo yefama yomoya, analogue apho lalingekafiki ehlabathini. Ukuze iprojekthi Kondratyuka uncediswa iinjineli eziliqela, kuquka uNikolay Nikitin, kamva wakha Ostankino Tower umabonwakude eMoscow.

Ukudibana ne Korolev

Ngowe-1933, i-Peoples Commissariat of Industry Heavy wacela ukuba le GPU ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuba akhulule sisazinzulu. Ngoko wakhululwa Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich. Amafoto Abaphandi namhlanje zinqabile, ngenxa yokuba uza kuphila elubhacweni, kuqala, uze emva koko ebanjiwe. project amandla omoya savunywa, kunye Kondratiuk wada waya eMoscow.

Xa ikomkhulu bempilo eSiberia ndandidibana Sergei Korolev, ababebuvile ngayo izimvo zakhe emangalisayo theoretical component. umyili elizayo imijukujelwa isithuba ukunika iindwendwe kusebenza kunye nesidima kunye neqela abalingane ezifana-nye. Kodwa Kondratiuk wala. iinjongo zakhe azichazwa ngqo ayaziwa, kodwa biographers bavumelane noluvo lokuba xa ufaka isicelo somsebenzi enxulumene iiprojekthi emkhosini, uKumkanikazi Scientist kwakhona hlola NKVD. Uphicotho akazange athembise nantoni na elungileyo. Ukuba kwizigqeba bafunda ungubani oyinyaniso Kondratyuka kunye kubudlelwane emhlophe ngethuba leMfazwe Civil, izazinzulu ziye kwakhona wamsongela kwiinkampu okanye shot.

Bayahlelwa oonyana Njengomhlaziyi yesandla

Ngowe-1938, i-All-Union kubonisa ngendlela iKomishoni ye-USSR Academy kweza isicelo esisayinwe zizazinzulu ezininzi owaziwayo. Bacela isabelo degree ithiyori zobugqirha ngaphandle ekuzikhuseleni ithisisi, bekuya kuba ingqalelo kakuhle nelilifaneleyo lwempumelelo zophando; ibide Isazinzulu Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich. Photo waqonda iiprojekthi bakhe ubunjineli iilinki imisebenzi ebhaliweyo ibe sizathu ukuqwalasela candidacy. Nakuba kunjalo, isicelo sachithwa.

Kakade ke, kumanqanaba aphezulu ke babengaqhelananga amanani ezifana Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich. biography emfutshane sisazinzulu waya phesheya na isakhelo ngokwesiqhelo. Kwakuloo nyaka mnye, le umphandi, esabela imisebenzi yakhe lushicilelwe, wabanika indawo yokugcina imibhalo-ngqangi Borisu Vorobevu sele zigcinwa Tsiolkovsky. Le aqinisekise ukuba ndinimisele amasalela amaxwebhu ezixabisekileyo. Oongqatyana kusindiswa ngokoqobo ukusuka zisabonakala kunye nokulahlekelwa-ngqangi yokuqala, sekunjalo zobutsha, le nzulu.

ukufa

Xa waqala kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, weza phakathi namanye amatsha ezininzi kwibhodi uyilo kunye Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich. Sezinto kunye umhlaziyi waba 62nd elihamba webutho. Njengoko oyingcali, waba uxanduva lokuqinisekisa unxibelelwano phakathi ithathele nekomkhulu. Kondratyuka alwe yokugqibela senzeka ebusuku ukusuka kuma-25 ukuya kwi-26 Februwari 1942 kwi Oka River kummandla Oryol. Le Isazinzulu wabulawa ingxabano kunye amaJamani. Umzimba wayo wangcwatyelwa kufuphi kuloo dolophana Krivtsovo.

Kwiminyaka elandelayo, kuqala eSoviet uze uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe ndaqonda ukubaluleka imisebenzi Kondratyuk. Ngowe-1957, xa intlanganiso Academy of Sciences waseUSSR, elingcwele, unyaka we-100 ka-Tsiolkovsky, Sergei Korolev ufunda ingxelo, leyo yahlola ukufaneleka kaYuri Vasilievich. Nje iintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuba isiganeko waya sithuba yokuqala eyenziwe ngumntu umhlaba satellite.

iingcamango Kondratyuka ngqo zaye zaphunyezwa kuqala abaseMelika kwinkqubo kwenyanga "Apollo" kwi imi--60. NASA wasebenzisa indlela iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu phambi kokuba izazinzulu Russian neemeko ezicetywayo. uluntu Wide eSoviet bafunda Kondratyuk ngo-1969. Ngoko, kwi "Komsomolskaya PRAVDA" wapapasha inqaku, apho okokuqala lonke ilizwe, kwabhengezwa ukuba sisazinzulu udale iteknoloji apho baseMerika lawela enyangeni. Ngowe-1970, ikhomishini eyodwa yenkundla Kondratyuka sigwetyelwe kwimeko apho wachitha iminyaka emininzi "sharashka".