Weldability kwensimbi: yokuhlela. weldability yeqela intsimbi

Steel - yeyona nto iphambili zesakhiwo. Lo intsila yentsimbi-carbon kunye okubhalwe ukungcola ezahlukeneyo. Onke amacandelo ifakiwe kumafa yayo, nefuthe iimpawu ingot. Enye yeempawu zobuchwepheshe zesinyithi na ukukwazi ukwenza welds ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

Ezibangele ukuba kumiselwe weldability ngentsimbi

Ukuhlolwa weldability ngentsimbi eveliswe yi the main ixabiso index - carbon elingana C _eq. Le lomlingani olunemiqathango ebonisa iqondo ziimpembelelo umxholo carbon kunye izinto alloying ephambili iimpawu weld.

Weldability ngensimbi abachatshazelwa yi ezi zinto zilandelayo:

1. Umxholo carbon.
2. Ubukho ngayo izinto.
3. The degree of alloying.
4. View emincinci.
5. iimeko zokusingqongileyo.
6. ubukhulu metal.

Parameter kakhulu ulwazi yi nokwakheka imichiza.

yodidi kumaqela weldability

Ndiwanikele onke la izinto, le weldability ngentsimbi uneempawu ezahlukeneyo.

Ucalulo yodidi ukuba weldability.

• Good (a ixabiso C _eq ≥0,25%): ngokuba iinxalenye carbon sentsimbi eliphantsi; ezimeleyo Ebubanzini imveliso, imozulu, ukufumaneka umsebenzi wokulungiselela.
• Kweyanelisayo (0.25% ≤S _eq ≤0,35%): kukho izinto ezifika zibe yimiqobo neemeko okusingqongileyo kunye sangqa lwesakhiwo ukuba welding (ubushushu ku -5, xa imozulu izolile, nezinyuko-20 mm).
• Kubekelwe (0.35% ≤S _eq ≤0,45%): ukuze kwakhiwe weld umgangatho ufuna ukubonisa yangaphambili. Oku kwenza ukuba 'ezigudileyo "inguqu austenitic, ukuyilwa ezikumila kuthile (ferrite-ngeperlite, bainitic).
• Poor (P _eq ≥0,45%): akuseko weld zoomatshini kuzinza akunakwenzeka ngaphandle imiphetho ubushushu ukulungiselela metal lwangaphambili, kwakunye unyango ubushushu elandelayo lobume welding. Ukwenza emincinci ofunekayo, ukufudumeza ezongezelelweyo kunye lungapholi fluid.

weldability amaQela zentsimbi kwenza kube lula ukuyisebenzisa iimpawu zeteknoloji iintlobo ezithile ukuwelda aluminiyamu yentsimbi-carbon.

unyango ubushushu

Kuxhomekeka iqela ehambelana weldability yodidi kunye neempawu zeteknoloji, iimpawu welding zilungiswe ngokusebenzisa iimpembelelo lobushushu ezilandelelanayo. Bekela bucala 4 indlela esisiseko zonyango ubushushu: lukhuni, tempering, annealing kunye normalizing.

Avamise kakhulu ke ukuqaqadeka kunye tempering ngenxa yobulukhuni kunye namandla ngaxeshanye weld, uxinezeleko ekhulula, ukuvimbela genge. tempering degree kuxhomekeke eziphathekayo kunye iipropati ezinqwenelekayo.

unyango Fudumeza izakhiwo metal kumsebenzi wokulungiselela yenziwa:

• annealing - ukuze bawubuyise neengxaki ngaphakathi intsimbi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthamba wayo nokuthamba;
• lwangaphambili itshiswe ukuze kuncitshiswe umahluko lobushushu.

lobushushu Ulawulo vliyaniemi elungileyo ikuvumela ukuba:

• ukulungiselela into umsebenzi (ukususa yonke ntshikilelo yangaphakathi ngokuthi ukugaya iinkozo);
• ukunciphisa ukuthambeka ubushushu phezu metal ebandayo;
• ukuphucula umgangatho into welding yi ulungiso bubushushu emincinci.

Notebook Hlela iimpawu lutshintsho obushushu inokuba okanye jikelele. edge afudunyezwe igesi okanye izixhobo zombane. Sifudumeza inxalenye lonke kunye emlilweni ezizodwa ezisetyenziswayo lungapholi egudileyo.

Isiphumo Imiba emincinci kwi Iimpahla

Kakuhle eli iinkqubo zonyango ubushushu esekelwe utshintshwano kwesakhiwo phakathi ingot kunye neziphumo zazo kwi-metal eqina. Ngoko, xa itshiswa ukuya kwiqondo lobushushu 727 C na isakhiwo austenitic wokudla mixed. indlela okupholisa umisela iinketho ukuguqulwa:

1. Ngaphakathi kwiziko (Isantya 1 / min) - akha isakhiwo ngeperlite kunye yobulukhuni malunga 200 HB (Brinell yobulukhuni).
2. Xa umoya (10 ° C / min) - sorbitol (okuziinkozo ferritic-pearlitic) yobulukhuni 300 HB.
3. Oil (100 ° C / min) - troostite (ferrite-cementite emincinci), 400 HB.
4. Amanzi (1000 / min) - martensite: eziqinileyo (600 HB), kodwa isakhiwo ethe acicular.

Segesi esine kufuneka lukhuni ezaneleyo, amandla, izibonisi umgangatho ductility, kodwa iimpawu weld martensitic azamkelekanga. aluminiyamu carbon sityhafile ferritic, ferritic-pearlitic, isakhiwo ferritic-austenitic. steel Medium-yaye srednelegirovannye - ngeperlite. High-carbon kunye eliphezulu - troostite martensitic okanye ukuba kubalulekile ukuba ingqondo ferritic-austenitic.

Welding yodidi carbon

Weldability umiselwa isixa yodidi carbon kunye ukungcola carbon. Bayakwazi ukuba utshiswe, ajike abe ifomu sukube nokunika ephantsi-umgangatho weld porosity. Isalfure phosphorus bebekelwa emiphethweni beenkozo, ukwanda ubu ngesakhiwo. Welding ye kakhulu lula, Noko ke, kufuna indlela ngamnye.

Carbon steel quality yesiqhelo yahlulwe ngokwamaqela amathathu: A, B na C. Umsebenzi welding lwenziwa kunye ezibengezelayo iqela B.

Weldability of amabakala zentsimbi VSt1 - VSt4, ngokutsho GOST 380-94, luphawulwa kukungabikho izithintelo kunye neemfuneko ezongezelelweyo. Welding Iinkcukacha ububanzi ukuya kwi-40 mm kwenzeka ngaphandle ukufudumeza. Kunokwenzeka izikhombisi izitampu: T - Umxholo high manganese; kp, ps, sp - "sibila", "semi-babulawa," "umoya", ngokulandelelana kwazo.

umgangatho yesinyithi esiphakathi imelwe kunye uphawu isibabula isiqu hundredths carbon lwamaqhezu, ebonisa iqondo deoxidation kunye nesiqulatho manganese (GOST 1050-88): intsimbi 10 (kwakhona 10PP, 10ps, 10G), 15 (kwakhona 15kp, 15 ps, 15G), 20 (nayo 20kp, 20ps, 20G).

Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho komphetho weld pool kufuneka aqhube inkqubo Ukwanda kunye carbon manganite C no MN.

Iindlela welding:

1. Mma usebenzisa ezizodwa ekuqaleni calcined electrode sangqa mm-2 ukuya ku-5. Iindidi: E38 (ngokuba eliphakathi-amandla), E42, E46 (kuba amandla elungileyo ukuya ku 420 MPA), E42A, E46A (zentlelo ezimbaxa amandla aphezulu kunye nokusebenza kwawo kwiimeko ezizodwa). kweentonga ezo welding 5 GMM UONI 13/45 eyenziwa phantsi lwangoku rhoqo. Umsebenzi yi i electrode CM-7, OMA-2, CM-11 zonke iimpawu zangoku wenziwe.
2. Segesi. Ngokufuthi oko akufuneki, kodwa kunokwenzeka. Kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ucingo lokufaka St-08, St-08A, 08GA-St, St-08GS. Thin nizkouglerodistyj metal (d 8mm) welding indlela ngasekhohlo, zamafu (d 8mm) - ekunene. Ilishwa weld iipropati kunokwenzeka ukuba ufuduke normalizing okanye annealing.

Segesi yodidi onekhaboni ephantsi zisebenze ngaphandle ukufudumeza olongezelelweyo. Ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha ngendlela elula akukho izithintelo. Ngokomthamo kunye truss nezakhiwo kubalulekile ukukhusela umoya. izinto Complex enqwenelekayo weld nesityalo kubushushu ngezantsi 5 ° C.

Ngoko ke, lo VSt1 nesitampu - VSt4 steel 10 - intsimbi 20 - weldability elungileyo, phantse ngaphandle kwemiqathango, umgangatho kufuna ukhetho ngamnye indlela welding, uhlobo electrode kunye neempawu yangoku.

Medium-and eliphezulu-carbon zokwakha

Ukwanda carbon ingxubevange kunciphisa ukukwazi layo ukwenza amalungu elungileyo. Inkqubo iqondo lobushushu arc neziphumo idangatye igesi okanye sulphur emalunga kungqameko iinkozo, okukhokelela brittleness, phosphorus - to brittleness abandayo. Amaninzi welding izinto doped kunye manganese.

Oku kuquka eqhelekileyo noshowo VSt4 umgangatho sentsimbi, VSt5 (GOST 380-94), umgangatho 25, 25g, 30, 30G, 35, 35g, 40, 45G (GOSTt 1050-88) yokunyibilikisa isinyithi ezahlukeneyo.

Kakuhle eli msebenzi kukunciphisa isixa kwekhabhoni weld pool metal Ukwanda kuwo lesilicon kunye manganese, ukuqinisekisa ubuchwepheshe eliphezulu. Kubalulekile ukuthintela ilahleko carbon kakhulu, nto leyo enokukhokelela destabilization lepropati mechanical.

Amanqaku yodidi welding kunye aphakathi kunye nesiqulatho carbon aphezulu:

1. ukubonisa elibalulekile 100-200˚S imiphetho ukuya ububanzi kwi-150 mm. VSt4 brand kuphela kunye intsimbi 25 welding ngaphandle ukufudumeza olongezelelweyo. Ngokuba medium kunye weldability ngokwanelisayo, phambi kokuqalisa komsebenzi ukuvelisa ukuzinza ngokupheleleyo. Kuba carbon eliphezulu kuyimfuneko wokulungiselela annealing.
2. Arc welding lwenziwa calcined electrode wawutyabeka ezishiyanayo ngobukhulu, ukususela kwi-3 ukuya kwisi-6 mm (otau-2, UONI-13/55, ELN-7) phantsi current rhoqo. kunokwenzeka ukuba asebenze wampompoza eliphakathi okanye iigesi zokuzikhusela (CO _2, argon).
3. Gas welding eyenziwa carburizing nelangatye ngendlela besekho shushu yangaphambili ukuya ku-200 ° C lobushushu kwi iyunifomu eliphantsi iasithilini ugesi.
4. Unyango ubushushu olulawulwayo amacandelwana: icima kunye tempering okanye zokurenta ngokwahlukeneyo ukunciphisa ntshikilelo zangaphakathi ekuthinteleni genge, ukuthamba martensite kunye nezigqeba troostite ukuzibamba.
5. Resistance indawo welding lwenziwa ngaphandle kwemiqathango.

Ngenxa yoko, eliphakathi ukuya phezulu-carbon yodidi zezakhiwo ofunwa phantse akukho izithintelo, kwi lobushushu lwangaphandle elingekho ngaphantsi kwe-5 ° C. Kwiqondo lobushushu lilikhulu zokufudumeza kunye nokuqala unyango ubushushu ophezulu ezikumgangatho ezifunekayo.

Segesi yodidi ingxubevange eliphantsi

steel exutyiweyo - intsimbi kukuba ngexesha ukunyibilika okroqiweyo isinyithi ezahlukahlukeneyo ukuze ufumane iipropati ezinqwenelekayo. Phantse bonke babe nempembelelo entle yobulukhuni namandla. Chromium kunye nickel ifakiwe ubushushu aluminium ukumelana Stainless. Vanadium kunye silicon adlulisele luthambe, izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukwenziwa imithombo. Molybdenum, manganese, titanium, ukuphucula banxibe ukumelana, Tungsten - yobulukhuni ebomvu. Ngelo xesha, nempembelelo entle iimpawu iindawo, kwehlisa weldability kwensimbi. Ukongeza, ukunyusa iqondo lukhuni kwaye ukuyilwa kwezakhiwo martensitic, ntshikilelo zangaphakathi kunye umngcipheko neentanda ezivuzayo.

Weldability yodidi ingxubevange njengoko kuchaziwe yi ukwakheka yemizimba yethu.

carbon Low, libya-exutyiweyo 2GS, 14G2, 15G, 20G (GOST 4543-71), 15HSND, 16G2AF (GOST 19281-89) ziza welding. Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo musa ifuna zokufudumeza ezongezelelweyo kunye nonyango ubushushu phezu kugqitywe inkqubo. Kulo mzekelo, nangona kukho ezinye izithintelo:

• Uluhlu imxinwa iindlela thermal eyamkelekileyo.
• Umsebenzi wenziwe kubushushu -10˚S alithe (phantsi kweemeko lobushushu esesibhakabhakeni ephantsi, kodwa hayi ngezantsi -25˚S isicelo preheating ku 200 ° C).

iindlela ezinokubakho:

• Arc welding nge DC ngamandla ka-40 ukuya ku-50 A, i electrode E55, E50A, E44A.
• Zenzekelayo arc ontywiliselwe usebenzisa ucingo lokufaka 08GA-St, St-10 ha.

Weldability 09G2S 10G2S1 naye elungileyo, iimfuno kunye neendlela zokwenza okufanayo njengoko ngenxa aluminium 12GS, 14G2, 15G, 20G, 15HSND, 16G2AF kunokwenzeka. An uphawu 09G2S aluminium ebalulekileyo 10G2S1 akukho mfuneko yokuba ukulungiselela ukwenzela izinto ukuya cm 4 ubukhulu.

yodidi Srednelegirovannoj welding

Srednelegirovannye steel 20HGSA, 25HGSA, 35HGSA (GOST 4543-71) bavelise nenkani ukuyilwa beentanda unstrained. Basonta kwiqela weldability ngokwanelisayo. Funa okuqokelelwe-ukufudumeza kumaqondo 150-200˚S, the seams multilayered, ucimayo kwaye tempering ekupheleni iwelding. Embodiments:

• Amandla ekhoyo kunye ubukhulu be electrode xa ukuwelda arc ezikhethiweyo ngqongqo ngokuxhomekeke Ebubanzini metal, kuthathelwa ingqalelo into yokuba ngohlangothi ukubhitya yomelele phantsi ukuba icima ngexesha emsebenzini. Ngoko, xa imveliso 2-3 mm ixabiso ububanzi we yangoku kufuneka ibe phakathi 50-90 A. Xa Ebubanzini amagophe 7-10 mm DC amandla malunga wokwephuka ngoku landa 200 A usebenzisa 4-6mm electrode. iintonga Used ne neselulosi okanye calcium Ipeyinti fluor-zokhuselo (18HGSA-St, St-18HMA).
• Ukusebenza, uvikele CO irhasi ₂ kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa ucingo St-08G2S Sv-10G2, 10GSMT-St, St-08H3G2SM bepali ukuya kwi-2 mm.

Amaxesha amaninzi ezi zinto asetyenziswa TIG indlela welding okanye antywiliselwe.

Ubushushu-ukumelana eliphezulu-amandla yodidi

Segesi nge thermostable yentsimbi-carbon ingxubevange 12MH, 12H1M1F, 25H2M1F, 15H5VF kufuneka kwenziwa preheating kumaqondo 300-450˚S kunye zicime lokugqibela ukuzibamba.

• Arc indlela iwelding ukucoca ehla multilayer ingenamthungo usebenzisa electrode wawutyabeka calcined UONII 13 / 45MH, CCR-3, 30-63-CL, CL-39.
• Gas unikezelo iwelding iasithilini kunye 100 DM ³ / mm usebenzisa izinto lokufaka Sv-08HMFA, St-18HMA. uqhagamshelo Pipe lwenziwa kunye zokufudumeza igesi odlulileyo lonke joint.

Xa segesi izinto eziphakamileyo-amandla srednelegirovannoj 14H2GM, 14H2GMRB ebalulekileyo ukukhokelwa imigaqo ngokufanayo yodidi ubushushu ezingatshiyo, kuthathelwe ingqalelo ezinye bokuqonda:

• indlu zinongqameko kunye nabanini ukusetyenziswa embizeni.
• Iqondo eliphezulu calcination electrode (phezulu 450˚S).
• Preheating ku 150˚S ukuba iinkcukacha Ebubanzini mkhulu kuno-2 cm.
• Ukupholisa komphetho Slow.

uqhagamshelwano lwetshiphu emsebenzi-ingxubevange intsimbi

Ukusetyenziswa iteknoloji ezizodwa kuyimfuneko xa ukuwelda yodidi oluphezulu ingxubevange. Ezi ziquka uluhlu enkulu insimbi, ubushushu-ukumelana nobushushu-resistant aluminiyamu, ezinye zazo: 09H16N4B, 15H12VNMF, 10H13SYU, 08H17N5MZ, 08H18G8N2T, 03H16N15MZB, 15H17G14A9. Weldability ngensimbi (GOST 5632-72) bobabo iqela-4.

weldability ngensimbi ophezulu-carbon eliphezulu-Umfanekiso:

1. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukunciphisa umlinganiselo yangoku nge 10-20% ngenxa conductivity yabo thermal.
2. Yi welding kufuneka wenziwe kunye umsantsa, i electrode ukuya kwi-2 mm.
3. Ukunciphisa phosphorus, ilothe, isalfure, kwistibhiya, wawandisa phambi molybdenum, vanadium, Tungsten kugalelwe ngokusebenzisa imivalo ezizodwa.
4. Imfuneko yokuba ibe emincinci weld elingumxube (ferrite + austenite). Oku ubonelela ductility otyhidiweyo efakwe nokucutha ntshikilelo zangaphakathi.
5. imiphetho ukufudumeza Kufuneka eve welding. Amaqondo obushushu olukhethiweyo kwi iindidi ukusuka 100 ukuya 300˚S, kuxhomekeke yokuyilwa emincinci.
6. Ukukhethwa electrode camera kwi arc sichazwa ngokuthi uhlobo okuziinkozo, iimpawu kunye neemeko zokusebenza ndawo; ngokuba 12H18N9 steel austenitic: UONII 13 / VAW, RLA-7 RLA-14 camera-06H19N9T St, St-02H19N9; ngokuba 20H17N2 steel martensitic: UONII 10H17T, AN-B-10 St-08H17T ngeso lenyama; ngokuba 12H21N5T steel austenitic-ferritic: CL-33 St-08H11V2MF ngeso lenyama.
7. Xa iasithilini segesi feed Inokuthelekiseka nesakho ixabiso 70-75 ^dm3 / mm kusetyenziswa ucingo lokufaka - 02H19N9T-St, St-08H19N10B.
8. Sinakho kwamanzi ngokusebenzisa VAW-8.

Weldability Steel - parameter isalamane. Kuxhomekeke umchiza ukwakhiwa intsimbi, emincinci yayo kunye neepropati emzimbeni. Ngaloo ukukwazi ukwenza uqhagamshelwano olusemgangathweni ophezulu zilungiswe nge ndlela ngabom zobugcisa, izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye neemeko lomsebenzi.