Neo-zikaPlato - yintoni na le nto? Intanda zeniyo-zikaPlato

Neo-zikaPlato njengoko bulumko yavela ngamakhoboka kade, weza bulumko kumaxesha, kwintanda-bulumko Renaissance kunye nempembelelo iingqondo zeentanda-bulumko bonke kwiinkulungwane ezilandelayo.

ifilosofi komdala okuthile

Ukuba zikho zikaPlato mfutshane, kuba imvuselelo iingcamango zikaPlato ngexesha ukuhla yamaRoma (3 - 6. Cc). In the neo-zikaPlato iingcamango zikaPlato zaye similise imfundiso emanations (radiation emva) ihlabathi eziphathekayo ka-Smart Moya, mna ndiyakholwa ekuqaleni yonke into.

Xa upha ukutyhilwa ongcono, i yamandulo Neo-zikaPlato - le yenye yeendawo-bulumko zamaGrike, abonakala iimfundiso eclectic ka Plotinus noAristotle, la maqela kunye neemfundiso Pythagoras, nobugqi Eastern, kunye ubuKristu ekuqaleni.

Ukuba sithethe imiba ephambili yale mfundiso, i-Neo-zikaPlato - olu lwazi eyimfihlakalo le bOyena Uphakamileyo, oko utshintsho ngcembe ukusuka phezulu ukuya uhlobo asezantsi mba. Ekugqibeleni, Neo-zikaPlato - ke inkululeko yomntu ngokusebenzisa uthabatheke evela ubunzima zehlabathi eziphathekayo ukuba oyinyaniso nobomi base Moyeni.

Amalungu ezigqamileyo-bulumko zeniyo-zikaPlato, imbali ithi Plotinus, abomvu, Proclus kunye Iamblichus.

Amadami njengoko nguyise ka Neo-zikaPlato

Homeland Idama - iphondo laseRoma eYiputa. Aqeqeshwa yi zobulumko ezininzi, indima enkulu kakhulu lasungulwa wayedlala Iamoniyam Saccas, naye wayefunda iminyaka elishumi elinanye.

E Rome, Plotinus yena waba nguyise esikolweni, nto leyo yakhokelela iminyaka emashumi mabini anantlanu. Dam - ngumbhali imisebenzi 54. A nempembelelo enkulu kwi-Outlook bakhe Plato, kodwa oko kuxhomekeke kwiimpembelelo kunye nezinye zobulumko, isiGrike ongumRoma, phakathi kwabo Seneca noAristotle.

Edamini yenkqubo ye

Ngokutsho iimfundiso Plotinus, ihlabathi yakhiwe emigangatho ngokungqongqo:

• Omnye (Good).
• Mind Universal.
• World-Soul.
• Matter.

Sithatha ihlabathi enye, akazange akholelwe ukuba indalo kuzo zonke iindawo zawo iyafana ngomlinganiselo ngokulinganayo. Wonderful World Umphefumlo mkhulu ezingenangqondo nto, Ingqondo Universal mkhulu umphefumlo ehlabathini, yaye kwelona nqanaba liphezulu ukugqwesa ezixabisa One (elungileyo), nto leyo ingcambu nobangela ubuhle. Iinzuzo efanayo kanye njengoko Plotinus wayekholelwa ngentla konke oko mhle, wathi rhoqo ukumane, ngaphezu kwazo zonke eziphakamileyo, yaye iquka ihlabathi liphela bobabo uMoya ezikrelekrele.

Single (intsikelelo) - kwiqumrhu ukho kuzo zonke iindawo, athe wabonakala ku fyo, uMoya kunye Matter. Omnye, ibe okulungileyo ngokupheleleyo, nokutyetyiswa ezi izinto. Ukungabikho indlela enye akukho okulungileyo.

Ukuzinikela ububi babantu kubangelwa yindlela eziphakamileyo na onokunyuka izinyuko ekhokelela Lowo (i-Good). Indlela kumbutho onikiweyo kuphela ezo emimoya nayo.

Njengoko Good eyodwa ingundoqo

Xa imibono Dam phezu komyalelo kwihlabathi elilawulwa yi ingcamango umanyano. ntathu Single phezu abaninzi, ngakumbi ngokuphathelele ezininzi ukulwenza abaninzi. U nga tshinela ukufana phakathi ukungeniswa edamini umyalelo yehlabathi kunye umyalelo bentlalo uBukhosi baseRoma.

Ezikude ukusuka abaninzi ufumana iwonga kwaLowo. Le Umgama ukusuka ihlabathi onengqondo, ngokomoya yaye eziphathekayo, kukho isizathu yokumazi. Ukuba kaPlato "omnye - eninzi," ubalisa zombini kwi tyaba, i Plotinus nkqo kwi ulwalamano kwaye abaninzi (izinto ngaphantsi). Single ngaphezu kwayo yonke into, kwaye ke ngoko ingafikeleleki ukuba ukuqondwa asezantsi Mind, Umphefumlo Matter.

Mda Ubunye ukungabikho kuyo eziphikisanayo, umahluko eziyimfuneko intshukumo kunye nophuhliso. Umanyano ishenxisa ubudlelwane kwisifundo-object, self-ulwazi, umnqweno, ixesha. Oyedwa uyazazi ngaphandle ulwazi, Lowo sikwimo ntsako ni ku rhula ngokupheleleyo, yaye akazange abe nayiphi efunekayo. Single hhayi ezihlobene ezifanele olo didi ixesha, ngenxa yokuba obungunaphakade.

Plotinus ubaphatha ezifana Common Good kunye Light. ekudalweni kwehlabathi i Plotinus One amagqabantshintshi emanation (yaguqulelwa isuka kwisiLatini - ukuba flow, ukuba iqukuqele). Kule nkqubo, komoya ngendalo, oko akuthethi kuphulukana ingqibelelo, hayi enkenenkene.

uphawu

Isizathu - yinto yokuqala ukuba idaliwe yi Lowo. Kuba Ingqondo luphawulwa ubuninzi, oko kukuthi, okubhalwe iingcamango ezininzi. Inqondo ezimbini: kukuthi nozimiseleyo Lowo, kwaye ihamba kude kuyo. Ijonge Lowo ke sikwimo womanyano, kunye umgama - kwi ubuninzi karhulumente. Ulwazi engqondweni abayinqobo kuye, kunokuba nokuba yinto (ejoliswe kwi into) kunye ukujongwa (self-ngqo). Le ingqondo nayo ezahlukeneyo ukusuka omnye. Noko ke, yena uhlala ngonaphakade, yaye kukho uyazi yena. Le ukufana ne fyo One.

Ingqondo ngokutolika ngezimvo zakho uze udale nabo sync. Ukususela ngcamango abstract (ntle, intshukumo uxolo), iya kwi zonke ezinye izimvo. Uhlobo ngamazwi ka fyo kwi nedama kukuba iqulethe kukodwa ingcamango zombini abstract kunye eziphathekayo. Ngokomzekelo, ingcamango yokuba umntu ingqiqo kunye nembono ababenayo abathile ngamnye.

umphefumlo wonke

Single ethulula ukukhanya kwakhe phezu engqondweni, kwaye ukukhanya kwelifunekayo ngokupheleleyo fyo. Ehambahamba Ingqondo, Wayiphalazela phambili kwaye kudala Soul. Its umphefumlo imvelaphi nangoko kufuneka Mind. Single ithatha kwindalo yakhe nxaxheba ngqo.

Isendaweni kwinqanaba elisezantsi, kukho umphefumlo obungunaphakade, akukho - unobangela ixesha. Njengoko ingqondo, oko imbaxa it ukuzinikela aqiqe aze obalekela kuye. Le yintswela enkulu umphefumlo kwemiqathango yahlulwe ezimbini Soul - eziphezulu nezisezantsi. High wasondela Soul Aqiqe kungekhona ukunxibelelana nehlabathi lomba ezinzulu, njengoko kuchasene Low Soul. Ifunyanwa phakathi imihlaba emibini (suprasensual kunye material), Soul oko lebhokisi kubo.

Iimpawu ze-Soul - incorporeity kunye hluleki. World Umphefumlo olulungiselela bonke imiphefumlo ngamnye, akukho nanye kuzo ayisekho nga ngaphandle kwabanye. Plotinus wayesithi ukuba nawuphi na umphefumlo ikhona phambi kokuba uxhulumaniso kunye nomzimba.

kungakhathaliseki

Ivala nezikhundla zehlabathi Matter. Kukhanyiswa Single ngokulandelelana sidluliselwa into enye ukuya kwenye.

Ngokutsho iimfundiso Plotinus, mbandela uhlala ngonaphakade obungunaphakade kunye emanyeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, lo mbandela na ubuncwane bendalo, akanayo self-isiqalo. Uhlobo ziphikisana umcimbi kukuba kudala omnye yaye eza kuye. Inkqunto - ukukhanya ebunayo, zisembundwini lobumnyama. Ekuveleni ukukhanya ebunayo kunye zokuza ubumnyama kusoloko umama. Ukuba Plotinus wathetha omnipresence yaLowo, ngoko, ngokuqinisekileyo, kufuneka ibe khona kwi-Indaba. Ngokuchasene kuMama Ukukhanya lubonakala ngokuba ububi. Loo Umba kwi Amadama, exudes ububi. Kodwa ekubeni kweziyobisi kuphela ixhomekeke, ngoko ke akukho okulungileyo efanayo ezimbi (Good baLowo). Umba Evil - kuphela ngenxa yokungabikho okulungileyo, ngenxa yokunqongophala ekuKhanyeni One.

Umba badla ukutshintsha, kodwa lutshintsha, kuhlala ingatshintshanga, akukho ukunciphisa kwaye uyeza.

Ukufuna ukuba Lowo

Plotinus wayekholelwa ukuba selesondele ekuhleni kwayo One ezininzi ebangela inkqubo umva, oko kukuthi, abaninzi bafuna ukuba anyukele yimbumba egqibeleleyo, ukuzama ukoyisa nkinga yabo kwaye ukuba uqhagamshelana naLowo (elungileyo), kuba imfuno kakuhle ixubile ngokupheleleyo wonke umntu, kubandakanywa nomgangatho ophantsi mba.

Uhlangothi ngabom kubantu Enye ezahlukeneyo (elungileyo). Nokuba imvelo elisezantsi-ukuxoka, kungekhona waphupha na onyukayo, kwangathi imini wake omnye phezulu, njengoko umphefumlo womntu yi alohlukaniswa i-Soul Iphela, ezinxulumene ne-World Mind intwana yayo sublime. Nokuba imeko yengqondo ongenalwazi kukuba inxalenye ephakamileyo ngakumbi inxalenye yayo ezisezantsi zogqunyelelwe le emphefumlweni, isizathu unokongamela phezu iminqweno inkanuko uyabawa, nto leyo eza kuvumela umntu ewile nakuvuka.

Noko ke, ekunyukeni sokwenene Plotinus Enye ingqalelo imo uthabatheke apho umphefumlo njengoko oku kushiya umzimba kwaye zidibana kunye naLowo. Le ndlela ayilo ingcinga, kunye limangalisa, zisekelwe kumava. Kwaye kuphela kule meko ephezulu kwedama, umntu unako ukuyoyisa le One.

Amarhamente emfundisweni Plotinus

Ndi Plotinus abomvu, xa ukuthanda kwenkosi yakhe, wayalela waza wapapasha imibhalo yakhe. Waba owaziwa bulumko umhlalutyi isebenza Dam.

Proclus kwiincwadi zakhe waba iingcamango zeniyo-zikaPlato zobulumko zangaphambili. ukubaluleka mkhulu ehlonyelwe iphefumlelwe nguThixo, kuqwalaselwa ulwazi yayo ephezulu. Uthando, ubulumko, ukholo, wahlanganisa ndawonye ukubonakalalisa isithixo. A igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso bulumko, wenze ngengqiqo kwakhe Cosmos.

Effect Proklos achaza bulumko ephakathi. Meaning Proklos ifilosofi wagxininisa AF Losev, yokunika imbeko olwalo uhlalutyo ubhalo fineness.

WaseSiriya Iamblichus waqeqesha abomvu nisekelwe isikolo yaseSiriya nawamanye. Njengezinye kaPlato, wayitshabalalisa imigudu yakhe kwiintsomi bamandulo. To credit yakhe uhlalutyo systematization le ngengqiqo yokuba kwiintsomi, kwakunye nokumisa ukufunda uPlato. Ngelo xesha linye ingqalelo yakhe ingqalelo kwicala bobuqili bulumko, ezinxulumene izithethe zonqulo, mkhwa eyimfihlakalo yonxibelelwano kunye nemimoya.

Impembelelo ingcamango zeniyo-zikaPlato bulumko kwi maxesha alandelayo

Yinto ixesha elidluleyo yamandulo, ethe yalahleka ukufaneleka kunye nesikhundla abasemagunyeni bulumko yabahedeni. Okuthile akayi shwaka, oko umdla ngababhali zamaKristu. (ESt Augustine Aeropagite, Erigena et al.), Utyhutyha kulo bulumko Arab uAvicenna, idityaniswe sihamba Hindu.

Kwinkulungwane 4. iimbono neo-zikaPlato ezisasazwa zikwi-bulumko yaseByzantium kwaye yavavanyelwa lobuKristu (Vasiliy Veliky, Grigoriy Nissky). KumaXesha ngasekupheleni (14-15 cc.) Okuthile iba umthombo eyayinaso German (Meister Eckhart, Suso G. et al.).

Neo-zikaPlato le Renaissance iyaqhubeka ukuba bakhonze kuphuhliso bulumko. Liquka ingcamango zaphawula odlulileyo isakhiwo: i ingqalelo bayo, ubuhle umzimba kwi yamandulo Neo-zikaPlato kunye nolwazi yokomoya lomntu kwi ephakathi neo-zikaPlato. Iimfundiso okuthile kuchaphazela zobulumko ezifana N. kuwo, T. Campanella, J. Bruno et al.

abameli elidumileyo yimibono isiJamani, 18 - nasekuqaleni kweye-19. (FV Schelling, Hegel) akukho kwimpembelelo iimbono zeniyo-bulumko kaPlato. Kunjalo wathi zobulumko Russian 19 - nasekuqaleni kweyama-20. VS Solovyov, SL Franke, S. Bulgakov, kunye nabanye. Lichaza ka Neo-zikaPlato inokufumaneka bulumko mihla.

Meaning okuthile imbali kaBiko

Neo-zikaPlato - Loku ngaphaya bulumko, njengokuba ifilosofi inqubo efanele. Injongo iimfundiso okuthile na otherworldly, imfezeko supramental, indlela apho kunokwenzeka kuphela mangala.

Okuthile ifilosofi - i eluchochoyini bulumko lidala kunye olwandulela zakwalizwi. lwedama utshayelela unqulo sihamba kunye ubuhedeni kwelanga.

Okuthile ifilosofi - negalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso ingcamango bulumko kanye nemibono zamaXesha Aphakathi. imfundiso idama wokulwela igqibelele inkqubo kweekhonsepthi yeemfundiso zakhe emva zokwazisela wafumana indawo yabo Imfundiso yobuKristu eNtshona naseMpuma Koloni. izibonelelo ezininzi bulumko iniyo-zikaPlato zaye ukuze bezakwalizwi zamaKristu ukujongana nengxaki systematization le mfundiso enzima ubuKristu. Athotywa kwasekwa-bulumko yobuKristu ebizwa patristic.